2022年江苏省淮安市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022年江苏省淮安市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Toensuretheirsales,sometobaccocompaniesstatedthattherewasstill"______"overtheeffectsofcigarettesonhealth.

2.YouTubecanhardlygenerateprofitbecause______.

A.itscontentcanbeillegal

B.itisonlypartofGoogle

C.itisnotwell-knownenough

D.itsetstoomanylimitstousers

3.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare___________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

4.

Iftakingpropersteps,wecaneliminateaciddeposition.

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5.

Whenparentsseparate,itisadvisableforthemtoreachsensibleandfairdecisionstoreducethechildren'sinjuryat______degree.

6.

Velcroisprobablythemostfamousandcertainlythemostsuccessfulexampleofbiologicalmimicry,or"biomimetics".

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7.FosterCare

Wegenerallythinkofchildhoodintermsofthenuclearfamily,Momanddad,orjustmomorjustdad,takescareoftheirkids.Buttherealityisthingsdon'talwaysworkoutthisway.Foranynumberofreasons,parentssometimesendupinasituationwheretheycan'ttakecareoftheirchildren,eithertemporarilyorpermanently.Whathappensthen?

Throughouthistory,thefateofthesechildrenhasdependedwhollyonthegoodwillofthecommunity.Inthepast,ifextendedfamily,neighborsorstrangersdidn'tstepinassurrogate(代理)parents,parentlesschildrenwouldbeturnedoutonthestreets.Today,thissortofcommunitychildcareisinstitutionalized,butitstillreliesonthekindnessandcompassionofindividualmembersofthecommunity.

FosterFundamentals

Whenparentsareunable,unwillingorunfittocareforachild,thechildmustfindanewhome.Insomecases,thereislittleornochanceachildcanreturntotheirparents'custody(监护),sotheyneedanewpermanenthome.In'othersituations,childrenonlyneedatemporaryhomeuntiltheirparents'situationchanges,Inanyease,thechildrenneedsomewheretostayuntilapermanenthomeispossible.

Overthepasthundredyears,thetrendinNorthAmericaandEuropehasshiftedawayfromorphanagesandtowardsfosterhomes.Theunderlyingphilosophyoffostercareisthatchildrenarebetteroff,emotionallyandpsycho-logically,inahomeenvironment,withsomeonefillingtheroleofaparent.Thelogicisthatwithoneormorefosterparentstakingcareofasmallernumberofchildren,thechildshouldhavemoreoftheattentionandlovetheyneedtogrowintohealthyadults.Today,thereareroughlyhalfamillionU.S.childreninthefostercaresystem.

Fostercareandadoptionbothprovidefamilyenvironmentsforchildrenwhocan'tbewiththeirbiologicalparents,butit'simportanttounderstandthattheyareverydifferentinstitutions.Whilefosterparentsareencouragedtoconnectemotionallywiththechildrenintheircare,fosterfamiliesarenotmeanttobepermanentreplacementsforbiologicalfamilies.Inmostcases,theultimategoalistoreunitechildrenwiththeirbiologicalfamilies,assoonasthefamilyisableandfit.Thiscouldbeasshortasafewdaysoraslongasafewyears.

Failingfamilyreunification,theultimategoalistofindadoptiveparentswhowilltakeonalltheemotionalandlegalresponsibilitiesofbirthparents.Intheeyesofthelaw,adoptingachildisprettymuchthesamethingasgivingbirthtothem.Fosteringachild,ontheotherhand,doesn'tgivethefosterparentsanymajorauthorityoverthechild'slife.

Onoccasion,fosterparentswilleventuallyadoptfosterchildrenintheircare,butmoreoften,thefosterhomeisameansofreturningthechildtohisorherbirthparentsorastoponthewaytoanotherhome.Unfortunately,manychildrenendupbouncingfromfosterhometofosterhome,neverfindingapermanentfamily.Inthisregard,thefostercaresystemisclearlyimperfect,sinceitoftenaddsmoreinstabilitytoachild'slife.

Thefundamentalmissionofthefostercaresystem,then,isverysimple.Actuallyputtingitintoactionisanothermatter.Festercareinvolvesalotofhardworkonthepartofadministrators,socialworkers,parentsand,mostimportantly,fosterchildren.Inthenextcouplesections,we'llfindoutalittleaboutlifeinthisworld.

TheOrganization

IntheUnitedStates,fostercareoperatesonthelocallevel,ratherthanonthenationallevel.Thestructurevariessomewhatfromstatetostate,asdothespecificnamesforgovernmentagenciesandprograms,butmoststatesfollowthesamegeneralmodel.

Inmosteases,thestate'sdivisionofsocialservices,partofthestatedepartmentofhealtha

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8.

Exploitinghydroelectricpowerresourcecancostbillionsofdollars,forhydroelectricplantsnormallyhave______.

9.

Bywayofconclusiontheauthoremphasizesthatindesigningadvertisements,themostimportantfactorthathastobeconsideredis

10.

Thereisnodoubtthatenvironmentalregulation

A.iscumbersome

B.producesaneffect

C.varieswildly

D.needstobestreamlined

11.CommonFaultsandEyeMovement

Thereareanumberofbadhabitswhichpoorreadersadopt.Mostoftheseinvolveusingextrabodymovementinthereadingprocess.Inefficientreading,themusclesoftheeyeshouldmaketheonlyexternalmovement.Ofcoursetheremustbevigorousmentalactivity,butextrabodymovements,suchaspointingwiththefingerormovingthelips,donothelpreadingandoftenslowitdown~

POINTINGATWORDS

Afaultthatisoftenseenwhenstudentsaretryingtoconcentrateispointingtothewordswithafinger,pencilorruler.Youngchildrenandverypoorreadersoftenpointwithafingerateachwordinmm.Slightlymorematurereaderssometimesholdapencilorrulerunderneaththelinewhichtheyarereading.Whilemarkingthelinemightbehelpfulforbeginningreaders,itiscertainlyunnecessaryfornormalreaders.Besidesslowingdownthereaderthrough-themeremechanicalmovementofpencil,ruler,orfinger,pointingatlinesorwordstendstocausethestudenttofocushisattentiononthewrongthing.Theimportantthingtoconcentrateonwhilereadingistheidea.thattheauthoristryingtocommunicate,andnotthelocationofthewordsonthepage.Theeyesofanychildoldenoughtolearnhowtoreadarecertainlyskillfulenoughtobeabletofollowalineofprintwithoutextrahelpfromfingersorrulers.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobservedisheadmovement.Thismostoftenoccurswhenstudentsarenervousabouttheirreadingortryinghard,asduringareadingspeedtest.Withheadmovementthestudenttriestoaimhisnoseatthewordheisreadingsothatashereadsacrossthelinehisheadturnsslightly.Whenhemakesthereturnsweeptobeginanewlinehisheadquicklyturnsbacksothathisnoseispointedattheleft-handmargin,andhecannowbegintoreadthenewlinebyslowlyturninghishead.Thebeliefthatthisheadmovementaidsreadingispurenonsense.Eyemusclesarequitecapableofshiftingtheeyesfromwordtoword,andtheyneednohelpfromneckmuscles.

Oftenstudentsarequiteunawarethattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereadingandtheyneedtoberemindedbytheteachernottodoit.

VOCALIZATION

Vocalizationisanotherfault.Somepoorreadersthinkitnecessarytopronouncealoudeachwordasitisread.Usuallythispronunciationisquitesoft,sothatthestudentismorewhisperingtohimselfthanactuallyreadingaloud,buteventhisisveryundesirable.Thechiefdisadvantageofpronouncingwordswhileyoureadthemisthatittendstotiereadingspeedtospeakingspeed,andthesilentreadingofmostnormalreadersisnearlytwiceasfastastheirspeaking.Usuallythisfaultcanbeeliminatedinolderstudentsbytheirownconsciouseffort,possiblywiththeaidofafewremindersfromtheteacher.

Vocalizationbybeginningreadersisacommonfault;afterareaderreachessomematurityitbecomesveryundesirable.

Vocalizationtakesvariousmodifiedforms.Sometimesareaderwillmerelymovehislipssoundlessly.Atothertimeshemaymaketongueorthroatmovementswithoutlipmovement.Stirotherreaderswillhaveactivitygoingonintheirvocalcords,whichcanbedetectedbythestudentifheplaceshisfingersalongsidehisvocalcordsinthethroatwhileheisreading.Vocalcordvibrationcanbefeltwiththefingersquiteeasily.Liketruevocalization,theseminorpartsof"subvocalization"—lipmovement,tongueorthroatmovementandvocalcordmovement—canbestoppedbyconsciouseffortofthestudent.

SUBVOCALIZATION

Subvocalizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.Insubvocalizationthereisnobodymovement.Thelips,tongueorvocalcordsdonotmove.Butaninnertypeofspeechpersists:withinthestudent'smindheissayingeachwordtohimself,clearlyprono

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12.

Accordingtotheauthor,wecanalwaysfindsatisfactionin______.

A.tryingtomaketheworldabetterplace

B.fulfillingourlong-cherisheddreams

C.acceptingthegoodandevilsidesoftheworld

D.standinguptothechallengesoftheworld

13.

In1879,MassachusettsMedicalSocietyrefusedtoadmitmorethantenfemalephysiciansbecausethesociety'sby-lawsdescribingmembershipusedthepronounhe.

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14.

W.E.B.DuBoiswasnotonlyoneofthefoundersoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),butalsoorganizedFirstPanAfricanCongressin191

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15.

MarkTwainseemedunhappyinhislateryearsbecausehiswifeand______haddied.

16.Whichoneisnotthereasonwhylow-incomepeoplewhohavehealthinsurancecan'tgetmedicalcare?

A.Itisveryinconvenientforthemtoseethedoctor.

B.Healthinsurancedoesnotbringthemanybenefit.

C.Theyhaveseveraljobsanddon'thavetimetoseethedoctor.

D.Medicalserviceisalmostunavailableintheirneighborhood.

17.

Whenrainfallorsnowmeltmovesoverandthroughtheground,therewillbe______.

18.

BillRichardson'ssuccessinreachinganagreementwithSudanwasduetohispersonalfriendshipwithSudanesePresidentOmarA1-Bashir.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Acopyrightprotectstheexpressionofanideathrough______thatisoriginaltotheauthor.

20.

"Bluejacking,""bluebugging"and"CarWhisperer"areall______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(35)

A.Withanincreaseinheamountofblood.

B.Withmoremuscles.

C.Withvigoroustrial.

D.Withroutineexercise.

22.(34)

A.WomencriminalsinScotland.

B.Criminalswhoaregivenlongsentences.

C.Criminalswhoaregivenshortsentences.

D.CriminalsinScotland.

23.(21)

A.Itistough.

B.Someonewashurtbyit.

C.Moved.

D.Therewerenocowsthen.

24.

【B4】

25.听力原文：(32)Whydowecry?Canyouimaginelifewithouttears?

Notonlydotearskeepyoureyeslubricated,theyalsocontainasubstancethatkillscertainbacteriasotheycan'tinfectyoureyes.Giveupyourtears,andyou'11losethison-the-spotdefense.Norwouldyouwanttogiveupthefloodofextratearsyouproducewhenyougetsomethingphysicalorchemicalinyoureyes.Tearsareverygoodatwashingthisirritatingstuffout.

Anotherthingyoucouldn'tdowithoutyourtearsiscry--fromjoy.angerorsadness.

(33)Humansaretheonlyanimalsthatproducetearsinresponsetoemotions.Andmostpeoplesayagoodcrymakesthemfeelbetter.(35)Manyscientists,therefore,believethatcryingsomehowhelpsuscopewithemotionalsituations.Tearresearcher,WilliamFrey,istryingtofigureouthowithappens."Onepossibility",hesays,"isthattearsdischargecertainchemicalsfromyourbody,whichbuildupduringstress.Whenpeopletalkabout'cryingitout',Ithinkthatmightactuallybewhattheyaredoing."

IfFreyisright,whatdoyouthinkwillhappentopeoplewhorestraintheirtears?(34)Boys,forexample,cryonlyaboutaquarterasoftenasgirlsoncetheyreachtheirteenageyears.Andweallcryalotlessnowthanwedidasbabies.Coulditpossiblybethatwefacelessstress?Maybewe'vefoundotherwaystodealwithit.Ormaybewejustfeelembarrassed.

(33)

A.Whypeopleholdbacktheirtears.

B.Whypeoplecry.

C.Howtorestrainone'stears.

D.Howtearsareproduced.

26.

【B7】

27.

【B6】

28.(18)

A.Torunintoeachother.

B.Togetbargains.

C.Toavoidthecrowds.

D.Tojointhecrowds.

29.【B8】

30.(16)

A.40minutes.B.50minutes.C.45minutes.D.55minutes.

31.(33)

A.Eatwiththem.

B.Travelwiththem.

C.Dressthemincostumes.

D.Sleepwiththem.

32.(26)

A.Applyforthekindofworkyouwanttodo.

B.Applytothefirmthatyouwouldenjoyworkingfor.

C.Beconfidentthatyouwillgetthejobyouwant.

D.Answerandaskquestionssensibly.

33.听力原文：Formostpeople,readinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.I'msureinahundredyearswewillstillbereadingnewspapers.

Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlives-thebigpoliticalstoriesthecoverageofthewars,earthquakesandotherdisasterswillcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.It'salreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegeneticengineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedo-aswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthebrainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.

It'squitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmittedelectronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,I'mprettysurethatishowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread.

Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutthecompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasn'thappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlostintheair.AndasfortheInternet,it'sneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.

29．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnewsinthefuture?

30.Whatwillprobablybeoninthenewspapermadebyyourself?

31.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofdifferentmedia?

(30)

A.Itwillcovermorebigpoliticalaffairs.

B.Itwillcoverlessdisasters.

C.Itwillcovermorescientificresearch.

D.Itwon'tbeprintedinpublishinghouses.

34.听力原文：W:Oh,Rex,Ihavebeenlookingforyouforhours.Wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Hi,Judie.Iwentshoppingwithmyfriend.What'sup?

W:Ihavethisgreatjoblineduptomanagethebookstoreatthemall.

M:Fantastic!Youknowwhat.I'veappliedfurthatposition,too.ButIwasrejected.You'resolucky.Sowhat'stheproblem?

W:Well,oneofmyprofessorsinmydepartmentjusttoldmeaboutawinterinternshipprogramthat'savailable.HethinksImightbeabletointernintheofficeoftheIBMbranchhereintown.

M:Thatsoundslikeagreatopportunitytoo.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Whynottakeadvantageofit?

W:I'dloveto,especiallyasI'mstudyingcomputerscience.Itwouldbeagreatwaytogetsomepracticalexperienceinmyfield.

M:Andyouneverknow,itmightleadtosomethingwiththemaftergraduation.Theyareoneofthebiggestcompaniesintheworld.IBM!That'smydreamcompany!

W:You'reright.Butthedrawback,isIwouldn'tbemakingnearlyasmuchmoneyasIwouldbeworkinginthebookstore,nottomentionthediscountIcouldgetonbooksthere.

M:Forgetaboutthemoney!We'retalkingaboutyourfuturehere.

W:Yes.Iknow.But...

M:Howmuchistheinternshippaid?

W:Theypaytheirinternshipabout＄600forthewholewinterholidayandgivefreeroomandboardfortheholiday.

M:Well,ifIwereyou,Iwouldtaketheinternshipanyway.Youcouldalwaysgetajobduringtheschoolyearnextyeartomakeafewextrabucks.

(20)

A.Shecan'tfindajob.

B.Shedoesn'tknowhowtomanageabookstore.

C.ShewantstoquithercurrentjobintheIBMoffice.

D.Shehasnoideawhichofthetwojoboffersisbetter.

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Ifthetrafficwasn'theldupforsolong,Iwouldhavebeentoclassbyteno'clock.

W:It'stoobadyoudidn'tmakeit.Theprofessorwaslookingforyouallmorning.

Q:Whathappenedtotheman?

(12)

A.Hedidn'tgotoworkthismorning.

B.Hewasinjuredandhadtogotothehospital

C.Hetalkedwiththeprofessorinthemorning.

D.Thetrafficdelayedhim.

36.(31)

A.Heoftenattendedtelevisionprograms.

B.Hewouldevaluatetheideasalongwithhistopassistants.

C.Heinvitedover40peopletoshowtheirideasinaperiod.

D.Hedevotedadaytolisteningtoideaseverythreemonths.

37.听力原文：M:MyparentswillcometovisitnextweekendbutI'vecheckedeveryhotelintheareaandtheyallseemtobefull.

W:Well,whynotcalltheCliffsideInn?It'snotsonearthecampusbutit'salwaysgotafewvacancies.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(17)

A.Findahotelnearbyagaininafewdays.

B.Accommodatehisparentsinhisdormitory.

C.Askhisparentsnottocomeuntilhefindsaproperhotel.

D.Phoneahotelfartherfromthecampusforareservation.

38.(28)

A.Becausetheyaremadefrombeef.

B.Becausetheyarecheaperthananyotherkindoffood.

C.Becausetheyareservedquicklyandatalowprice.

D.BecausehamburgeristheonlyfastfoodinAmerica.

39.(19)

A.Shedoubtshemakesmuchmoneynow.

B.She'ssurprisedthathechosethatcompany.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenherclassesstarted.

D.Shewonderswhyhe'skepthisjob.

40.(32)

A.Forbidchildrentohavepets.

B.StopbuyingpetsfromAfrica.

C.Fightagainstmorenewdiseases.

D.Easilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogs.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Whatisthemainfeatureofaneural-networkcomputer?

42.WhatdoesMr.Cerf'sexpectforthefutureoftheInternet?

43.

WhatisoneofNetflix'smainproblemsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itusuallyboaststhelowestprice.

B.Itrequiresman'sfulldevotiontoitsbusiness.

C.Itfailstosatisfyman'smovieneedimmediately.

D.ItsometimesdeliversmoviesandTVshowsimproperly.

44.

Strausbelievesthattherelationshipbetween______isprobablybidirectional.

45.

Thetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttosearcher'sspecificproblemis______.

46.Itisbelievedthatwomenarestill______intheeconomydespitetheBLSdata.

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars."Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily."

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk."Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat'swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays."

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen'sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehavior.thantodependonone'sowntaste.Rutrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight,Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain."

"Didwhat?"Iasked,utterlyconfused.

"Tookthechair."

Actually,sinceI'dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

A.it'ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

48.

Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat______.

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

49.

【C10】

50.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Inflation.

B.Deflation.

C.Howtodefineinflationanddeflation.

D.Howinflationanddeflationcausechangesinincomedistribution.

51.Manufacturersmentionedinthepassagewereobligedtomakethebestofwarninglabelssbasto______.

52.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?

A.Bytakingphotographsformagazines.

B.Bymarryingarichman.

C.Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.

D.Bypreparingfood,forphotographsforsomemagazines.

53.

Fromthepassage,whatdoyouthinkacountry'seconomymostlydependson?

54.

Hotmineralspringscouldbeused______.

55.

【C6】

56.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ahandfulofcash-richcompaniesareconsolidatingpowerinthetechnologyindustry,usingtheirwealthtoexpandintonewbusinessesandmakingitharderforsmallandmidsizecompetitorstobreakthrough.Whytheindustryisevolvingthiswayisrootedinbalancesheets.Overthepasttwoyears,AppleInc.,OracleCorp.,GoogleInc.,MicrosoftCorp.andsixotherlargetechcompanieshavegenerated$68.5billioninnewcash,comparedwithjust$13.5billionfortheother65techcompaniesintheS&P500Indexcombined,accordingtoaWallStreetJournalanalysisofdataprovidedbyCapitalIQ.

Therichfewarefundinginvestmentsatatimewhenmanyothershaveretrenched.Overthepastyear,Oraclepaid$7.4billiontogetintothehardwarebusinessbyacquiringSunMicrosystems,andDellInc.boughtPerotSystemstoaddtechnologyservices.CiscoSystemsInc.spentmorethan$7billiontoacquiresixcompanies.Google,meanwhile,hastappeditssavingstofundmovesintocomputeroperatingsystemsandmobilephones.Microsofthasfinanceditsmoney-losingquesttotakeonGoogleinsearchwithitscash.AndApplehasuseditsreservestodeveloptheiPadandtakeaimatGooglerecentlybyacquiringamobile-advertisingcompany.Becauseoftheirmassivecashaccumulation,thesecompaniescanaffordtotakerisksthatsmallercompaniescan'tatatimewhentheeconomyremainsfragile.Theresultisabifurcated(一分为二的)techlandscape,saysErikBrynjolfsson,aprofessorattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'sSloanSchoolofManagement.

Therepercussionsfromthecashdiscrepancyarebeingfeltthroughouttheindustry.Somemidsizetechcompaniesaregivinguptryingtocompetewiththeirlargerrivals.Othersaregearinguptomaketheirownacquisitionssoasnottobeleftbehind.Forexample,online-softwaremakerSalesforce.cornInc.nearlydoubleditscashreservesinJanuarybytakingon$575millionindebtthatitsaysitwilluseinpartforfutureexpansionandacquisitions.Othermidsizetechcompanies,suchasCienaCorp.,haverecentlyscoopedupsmallerrivalstobulkup.

Fromtheendof2007totheendof2009,the10richesttechcompaniesincreasedtheircashlevelsby48%to$210billion.Theother65techcompanieslistedintheS&P500uppedtheircashonly13%inthesameperiod,to$118billion.Theupshot:Thegapbetweenthegroupsstoodatarecord.Thegapwouldbeevenlarger,exceptanaccountingchangecausedAppletodesignateabout$10billionofitsholdingsaslong-terminvestments.

Intechnologyindustry,cash-richcompaniestendtogetbiggerandleavelittleroomforsmallandmidsizecompetitorstodevelopdueto______.

57.

Insomedevelopingcountries,theresultofprotectinglocalindustriesfromcompetitionis______.

58.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Ifyouhadtoldmebackin1971--theyearIgraduatedhighschool--thatI'dbegoingofftocollegesoon,Iwouldhaveassuredyouthatyouweresorelymistaken.IwasthesonofaplumberlivinginwesternMassachusetts,andwehadallassumedthatintheendI'dbeaplumber,too.

Ispenttheyearafterhighschoolworkinginconstruction.ThenonedayIwenttovisitsomefriendsatDeanCollege,atwo-yearresidentialcollege45minutesoutsideofBoston,andmymind-setbegantochange.AsIwalkedaroundcampusandlistenedtomyfriendstalkabouttheirexperiences,Irealizedthiswasanopp