英语新外研必修二讲义MODULE3SECTIONⅠINTRODUCTIONREADING-PREREADING

Folksongsarethesongsthataremadeupbymonpeople.Manyfolksongstellaboutheroes,robbersoryounggirls.Others,likeOldMacDonaldHadaFarm,arejustforfun.Somefolksongsareaboutthekindsofworkthatpeopledo.Christmascarols(圣诞颂歌)arefolksongs,andsoarethepatriotic(爱国的)songsofmanycountries.Everycountryhasitsownfolksongs.Mostofthesesongsweremadeuplongago,andpeoplehavebeensingingthemforhundredsofyears.Ofcourse,inChina,wealsohavealongandhonouredtraditionoffolksongsandfolksingers.Likeallfolksongs,theyefromtheordinarypeopleandtellofthingsinordinarylives.TherearethreemainkindsofChinesefolksongs:HaoZi,XiaoDiaoandShanGe.HaoZiissungbymales.ShanGeissungbytwopeople,whileXiaoDiao,withitsbeautifultone,isusuallysungbygirls.Andinthismodulewe'lllearnsomethinginterestingandimportantaboutsomeforeignmusicians.We'llbeimpressedbytheirspecialexperiencesandtalentinmusic.Well,let'sbegin.Section_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]JosephHaydn(1732－1809)wasanAustrianposer①andisknownas②“thefatherofthesymphony③〞.OtherposershadwrittensymphoniesbeforeHaydn,buthechangedthesymphonyinto④alongpieceforalargeorchestra⑤.HewasborninavillageinAustria⑥，thesonofapeasant⑦.Hehadabeautifulsingingvoice⑧.AfterstudyingmusicinVienna⑨，Haydnwenttoworkatthecourteq\o(○,\s\up1(10))ofaprince⑪ineasternAustria,wherehebecamedirector⑫ofmusic.Havingworkedtherefor30years⑬，HaydnmovedtoLondon,wherehewasverysuccessful.WolfgangAmadeusMozart(1756－1791)wasaposer,possiblythegreatestmusicalgenius⑭ofalltime⑮.Heonlylived35yearsandheposed⑯morethan600piecesofmusic.MozartwasborninSalzburg,Austria.HisfatherLeopoldwasamusician⑰andorchestraconductor⑱.Wolfganghadmusical⑲talent⑳fromaveryearlyage.Helearnedtoplaytheharpsichordeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))whenhewasfour,hestartedposingmusicwhenhewasfive,andwhenhewassix,heplayedtheharpsichordinaconcertfortheEmpresseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ofAustria.Bythetimehewas14,Mozarthadposedeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))manypiecesfortheharpsichord,pianoandviolin,aswellaseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))fororchestras.Whilehewasstillateenager,Mozartwasalreadyabigstarandtouredeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Europegivingconcerts.HaydnmetMozartin1781andwasveryimpressedwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(26))him.“Heisthegreatestposertheworldhasknowneq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，〞hetwowerefriendsuntilMozart'sdeathin1791.[读文清障]①poser/kəm'pəʊzə/n．作曲家②beknownas作为……而闻名③symphony/'sImfəni/n．交响乐；交响曲；交响乐团④o...把……转变成……⑤orchestra/'ɔːkIstrə/n．管弦乐队(团)⑥Austria/'ɒstriə/n．奥地利⑦peasant/'peznt/n．农夫thesonofapeasant是he的同位语。⑧voicen．嗓音；声音singingvoice歌喉⑨Afterstudying...为“介词＋现在分词短语〞作状语。⑩court/kɔːt/n.宫廷⑪prince/prIns/n．王子；亲王⑫director/də'rektə/n．指挥where引导非限制性定语从句。⑬现在分词的完成式作状语。⑭genius/'dʒiːniəs/n．天才⑮ofalltime有史以来⑯pose/kəm'pəʊz/vt.作曲；创作⑰musician/mju'zIʃn/n．音乐家⑱conductor/kən'dʌktə/n．指挥⑲musical/'mjuːzIkl/adj.音乐的⑳talent/'tælənt/n．天分；天赋；才华eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))harpsichordn．拨弦键琴eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))empressn．皇后eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))bythetime引导时间状语从句时，常和完成时连用。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))aswellas也，又，还eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))tour/tʊə/vt.巡回演出eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))beimpressedwith对……印象深刻eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))theworldhasknown为poser的定语从句。[第1～5段译文]约瑟夫·海顿1732—1809是一位奥地利作曲家，以“交响乐之父〞著称。在他之前，也有作曲家写过交响乐，但是他把交响乐曲改成了适合大交响乐团演奏的长乐曲。他诞生在奥地利的一个村庄，是一个农夫的儿子。他有着美丽的嗓音。在维也纳学习音乐之后，海顿去奥地利东部一个王子的宫廷工作，在那里他成了音乐指挥家。在那儿工作了30年后，海顿搬到了伦敦，在那里，他特别胜利。沃尔夫冈·阿马迪厄斯·莫扎特1756—1791是一位作曲家，或许也是有史以来最宏大的音乐天才。他只活到35岁，却创作了600多首乐曲。莫扎特诞生在奥地利的萨尔茨堡。他的父亲莱波尔德是一位音乐家和乐队指挥。沃尔夫冈很小的时候就有音乐天赋。他4岁时学习弹奏拨弦键琴；5岁时开头作曲；6岁时，他在一场音乐会上为奥地利皇后弹奏拨弦键琴。到莫扎特14岁时，不仅已经谱写了很多管弦乐曲，还谱写了很多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。当莫扎特还是个少年时，他就已经是一个大明星了，并在欧洲举办了巡回音乐会。海顿在1781年与莫扎特相遇，并对他印象深刻。他说：“他是世界上最宏大的闻名作曲家。〞直到1791年莫扎特去世，他们两人始终是好伴侣。LudwigvanBeethoven(1770－1827)wasborninBonn,Germany.Heshowedmusicaltalentwhenhewasveryyoung,andlearnedtoplaytheviolineq\o(○,\s\up1(28))andpianofromhisfather,whowasasinger.MozartmetBeethovenandwasimpressedbyhim.“Hewillgivesomethingwonderfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(29))totheworld，〞hesaid.BeethovenmetHaydnin1791,butwasnotimpressedbytheolderman.Aftertheyhadknowneachotherformanyyears,Beethovensaid,“Heisagoodposer,buthehastaughtmenothingeq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).〞Howevereq\o(○,\s\up1(31))，itwasHaydnwhoencouragedBeethoventomovetoViennaeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Beethovenbecameverypopulareq\o(○,\s\up1(33))intheAustrianeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))capitalandstayedtherefortheresteq\o(○,\s\up1(35))ofhislife.Ashegrewolder,hebegantogodeafeq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).Hebecamepletelydeafduringthelastyearsofhislife,buthecontinuedposing.eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))playtheviolin拉小提琴，乐器前需加定冠词the。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))somethingwonderful精彩的东西形容词修饰不定代词需后置。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))teachsb.sth.教某人某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))howeveradv.然而，常与后面的成分用逗号隔开。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))“Itwas...who...〞为强调句型。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))popularadj.受欢送的；受宠爱的bepopularin在……方面受欢送bepopularwith受……的宠爱eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))Austrian/'ɒstriən/adj.奥地利的eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))therest其余的，剩下的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))godeaf变聋go作为系动词，意为“变得……〞，常表示由好的方面对坏的方面变化。[第6～8段译文]路德维格·范·贝多芬1770—1827诞生于德国波恩。他年少时就显示出音乐才华。他父亲是位唱歌家，贝多芬从他那里学会了拉小提琴以及弹钢琴。莫扎特遇见贝多芬时，对他印象深刻，并说道：“他会给世人带来奇妙的音乐。〞1791年，贝多芬见到了海顿，却未对这位长者有很深的印象。他们彼此相识多年后，贝多芬说：“他是位优秀的作曲家，却没有教会我什么。〞然而，鼓舞贝多芬移居维也纳的正是海顿。贝多芬在奥地利首都很受欢送，并在那里度过了余生。随着年龄的增长，他的耳朵开头变聋。在生命的最终几年，他完全丢失了听觉，但仍连续从事音乐创作。Pre­readingPleasematchthefollowingwordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．audienceA．n.古典音乐2．classicalB．n.指挥3．poseC．n.音乐家4．ConductorD．n.天赋；天分；才华5．musicianE．n.奥地利6．geniusF．vt.失去；丢失7．talentG．vt.巡回演出8．AustriaH．vt.作曲；创作9．loseI．n.听众10．tourJ．n.天才1～5____________6～10____________答案：1～5IAHBC6～10JDEFGLead­inChooserightnamesforthefollowinginstruments.A．pianoB．violinC．guitarD．erhuE．saxophone答案：1～5DABECWhile­readingFast­reading(Ⅰ)Skimthetextandchoosethebesttitle.A．ThreeGreatAustrianposersB．ThreeGreatposersoftheEighteenthCenturyC．ThreeGreatChildposersD．HaydnandMozart答案：B(Ⅱ)Matchthefollowinginformationwiththethreeposers.A．wasverypopularinViennaB．isknownas“thefatherofthesymphony〞C．startedposingmusicwhenhewasveryyoungD．becamepletelydeafduringthelastyearsofhislifeE．wasthesonofapeasantF．playedtheharpsichordinaconcertfortheEmpressofAustria1．Haydn：B,_E2．Mozart：C,_F3．Beethoven：A,_DCareful­reading(Ⅰ)True(T)orFalse(F)．1．JosephHaydnwasanAustrianposerandisknownas“thefatherofthesymphony〞．(T)2．WhatMozartandBeethovenhadinmonwasthatbothofthemshowedmusicaltalentasayoungboy.(T)3．WolfgangAmadeusMozartlearnedmusicfromhisfather.(F)(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.1．WheredidJosephHaydnstudymusic?A．AtafamousvillageinAustria.B．InVienna.C．IneasternAustriawherehebecamedirectorofmusic.D．InLondon.2．Whometeachotherin1781?A．HaydnandMozart.B．MozartandBeethoven.C．BeethovenandHaydn.D．Mozartandhiswife.3．Fromthetext,wecanlearnthatMozart________.A．diedafterhisfortiethbirthdayB．couldposemusicwhenhewasfourC．hadposedover600piecesofmusicbytheageof14D．wasoneofHaydn'sfriendsforabouttenyears4．Inwhichcitydoyouthinkaposerwilldevelopbetter?A．London. B．Salzburg.C．Bonn. D．Vienna.5．WhichisCORRECTaccordingtothetext?A．ItisJosephHaydnthatcreatedthesymphony.B．ItisJosephHaydnthatfirstlywrotesymphony.C．ItisJosephHaydnthatchangedthesymphonyintoalongpieceforalargeorchestra.D．JosephHaydnis“thefatherofmusic〞inhistory.答案：1～5BADDCStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1.AfterstudyingmusicinVienna,HaydnwenttoworkatthecourtofaprinceineasternAustria,wherehebecamedirectorofmusic.[句式分析][尝试翻译]在维也纳学习音乐之后，海顿去奥地利东部一个王子的宫廷工作，在那里他成了音乐指挥家。2．Havingworkedtherefor30years,HaydnmovedtoLondon,wherehewasverysuccessful.[句式分析][尝试翻译]在那儿工作了30年后，海顿搬到了伦敦，在那里，他特别胜利。3．Helearnedtoplaytheharpsichordwhenhewasfour,hestartedposingmusicwhenhewasfive,andwhenhewassix,heplayedtheharpsichordinaconcertfortheEmpressofAustria.[句式分析]本句为and连接的并列句，三个分句中的whenhewasfour,whenhewasfive和whenhewassix都是when引导的时间状语从句。[尝试翻译]他4岁时学习弹奏拨弦键琴；5岁时开头作曲；6岁时，他在一场音乐会上为奥地利皇后弹奏拨弦键琴。Ⅰ.阅读理解AThearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang(团伙)．Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'smusicinsteadofseeingthemglued_to_aputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.Musicbuildsself­confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself­expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself­confidence.Onceagain,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.eq\x(语篇解读：音乐在同学的成长过程中其作用不容无视，是学校必需设置的一门课程。)1．Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby________.A．improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattentionB．improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimaginationC．improvingtheirattention,directionandimaginationD．learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas解析：选B细节理解题。依据第一段其次句“Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.〞和第三句“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills...〞和第五句“Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.〞可知B项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gluedto〞inthesecondparagraphmean?A．Unwillingtoturnon. B．Alwayslooking.C．Unwillingtoleave. D．Alwaysplaying.解析：选C词义猜想题。父母能够享受听他们的小孩玩音乐的乐趣而不是观察他们不愿意离开(unwillingtoleave)电脑或电视屏幕。依据语境可推断C为正确答案。3．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould________.A．givechildrenself­expressionandself­confidenceB．bringtochildrenachievementandsuccessC．givechildrensomethingtobeproudofD．developchildren'sself­confidence解析：选D段落大意题。依据第三段首句“Musicbuildsself­confidence,too.〞可知D为正确答案。4．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MusicisamustasacourseatschoolB．Musicbuildschildren'sself­confidenceC．MusicmakesstudentsmuchsmarterD．Learningmusicandmakingmusic解析：选A标题归纳题。第一段第一句“Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.〞即本篇文章的主题句。故A为最正确答案。BRockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditefrom?RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime,“rhythmandblue〞musicwasverypopularwithblackAmericans.“R&B〞wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid­1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock'n'roll,hadbeeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock'n'rollwasverydangerous.Bytheearly1960s,evenrock'n'rollhadbeeoldfashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimeanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmoreplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.Bytheearly1970s,rock'n'rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplified(放大的)guitarsanddrumsofrock'n'roll.“Rock〞hadarrived.Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadbinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,therearehundredsofdifferenttypesofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.eq\x(语篇解读：本文叙述了摇滚乐的开展史。)5．Whenhadrock'n'rollbeeverypopular?A．Bythemid­1950s. B．Bytheearly1960s.C．Bythemid­1960s. D．Bytheearly1970s.解析：选A细节理解题。由第三段其次句“Bythemid­1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock'n'roll,hadbeeverypopular.〞可知答案。6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?A．ThiswasnotanAmericangroup.B．Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.C．ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.D．Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.解析：选C细节理解题。A、B、D三项所述均与文章第四、五段中的信息相符，这个乐队形成了自己的音乐风格，但并没有使的音乐风格流行起来，应选C项。7．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley________.A．weresingersof“R&B〞B．weresingersinthemid­1950sC．weremembersoftheBeatlesD．werepopularwitholdpeople解析：选B推理推断题。由第三段其次、三句可知，像ElvisPresley和BillHaley这样的歌手很受年轻人宠爱，他们是50年月中期的歌手。8．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PopularMusicB．TheHistoryofRockMusicC．DifferentFormsofMusicinAmericaD．TheBeatles解析：选B标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要叙述了摇滚乐的开展史。CCarol:Istartedplayingthecello(大提琴)whenIwasabouteightornine.ItwasgreatplayingthecellobecauseIwasinyouthorchestrasandwewentabroadtodotours.Butanyway,whenIgottouniversity,Istoppedplaying.Well,therejustwasn'ttimeandthereweresomanyotherthingstodo.Luckily,Itookitupaftermy25thbirthdayandjoinedaband(乐队)．Daniel:WhenIwaslittle,IthoughtI'denduplearningtheguitarlikemyfather,butthenIdecidedthatIwantedtohavemyowninstrument(乐器),soIchosethetrumpet(小号).I'mintheschooljazzbandandI'dliketobeamusicianwhenIgrowup,butmydadsaysit'sdifficulttomakealivingfrommusic.ButIdon'twanttobealawyerlikehim.It'ssoboring.Carmen:NobodylikeslivingnearsomeonelikemebecausewhenIpractise,Imakealotofnoise!Butyouhavetokeeppractising,don'tyou?Otherwiseitgetsmoreandmoredifficult.Thetroubleis,inthesummer,whenit'shot,Ihavetoopenthewindows,sothewholestreetgetstohearitifI'mnotcareful.IloveplayingthedrumsandIplayinafantasticband.Vince:I'veplayedtheguitarforaslongasIcanremember,butwhenIwastryingtomakeitasamusicianafterschool,IusedtoplayintheUndergroundinLondontomakeabitofextramoney.Ikeptonplaying,butIranarestauranttomakealiving.WhenIgetanysparetimeIstillplay.I'vegotafewfriendswholikemusictooandweformedaband.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是应用文。四个人分别谈论了自己宠爱的乐器和演奏经受。)9．WhydidCarolgiveupplayingthecello?A．Shecouldn'tgoabroadtoplay.B．Sheturnedtootherinstruments.C．Shefounditboringtoplayitallday.D．Shecouldn'tspareanytimetoplayit.解析：选D细节理解题。由Carol局部中的“Butanyway,whenIgottouniversity,Istoppedplaying.Well,therejustwasn'ttimeandthereweresomanyotherthingstodo.〞可知，上高校后，卡萝尔没有时间连续演奏大提琴。10．WhatdoesDanielthinkofbeingamusician?A．Itwillbefuntodoit.B．Itwillbehardtomakeit.C．Itwillnevermakehimrich.D．Itwillmakehisfathersatisfied.解析：选A推理推断题。由Daniel局部中的“I'dliketobeamusicianwhenIgrowup,butmydadsaysit'sdifficulttomakealivingfrommusic.ButIdon'twanttobealawyerlikehim.It'ssoboring.〞可知，丹尼尔认为他父亲的职业(律师)很无趣，由此推断，他认为做一名音乐家是好玩的。11．WhattroublesCarmen?A．Shecannotplaywellinpublic.B．Thestreetissonoisyinthesummer.C．It'shardtokeeppractisinginthesummer.D．Playingthedrumscausesadisturbancetoothers.解析：选D细节理解题。由Carmen局部中的“whenIpractise,Imakealotofnoise〞和“Thetroubleis,inthesummer,whenit'shot,Ihavetoopenthewindows,sothewholestreetgetstohearitifI'mnotcareful.〞可知，卡门担忧敲鼓的时候吵着别人。12．WhatmadeVincestartrestaurantbusiness?A．Hewasinterestedinit.B．Hewasunabletoliveonmusic.C．Heneededmoneytoformaband.D．Hewasencouragedbyhisfriends.解析：选B推理推断题。由Vince局部中的“IusedtoplayintheUndergroundin