交通银行内蒙古分行校园招聘考试英语基础知识试题八

交通银行内蒙古分行校园招聘考试英语基础知识试题（八）阅读了解The

provision

of

positive

incentives

to

work

in

the

new

society

will

not

be

an

easy

task.

But

the

most

difficult

task

of

all

is

to

devise

the

ultimate

and

final

sanction

to

replace

the

ultimate

sanction

of

hunger—the

economic

whip

of

the

old

dispensation.

Moreover,

in

a

society

which

rightly

rejects

the

pretence

of

separating

economics

from

politics

and

denies

the

autonomy

of

the

economic

order,

that

sanction

can

be

found

only

in

some

conscious

act

of

society.

We

can

no

longer

ask

the

invisible

hand

to

do

our

dirty

work

for

us.I

confess

that

I

am

less

horror-struck

than

some

people

at

the

prospect,

which

seems

to

me

unavoidable,

of

an

ultimate

power

of

what

is

called

direction

of

labour

resting

in

some

arm

of

society,

whether

in

an

organ

of

state

or

of

trade

unions.

I

should

indeed

be

horrified

if

I

identified

this

prospect

with

a

return

to

the

conditions

of

the

pre-capitalist

era.

The

economic

whip

of

laissez-faire

undoubtedly

represented

an

advance

on

the

serf-like

conditions

of

that

period:

in

that

relative

sense,

the

claim

of

capitalism

to

have

established

for

the

first

time

a

system

of

“free”

labour

deserves

respect.

But

the

direction

of

labour

as

exercised

in

Great

Britain

in

the

Second

World

War

seems

to

me

to

represent

as

great

an

advance

over

the

economic

whip

of

the

heyday

of

capitalist

private

enterprise

as

the

economic

whip

represented

over

pre-capitalist

serfdom.Much

depends

on

the

effectiveness

of

the

positive

incentives,

much,

too,

on

the

solidarity

and

self-discipline

of

the

community.

After

all,

under

the

system

of

laissez-faire

capitalism

the

fear

of

hunger

remained

an

ultimate

sanction

rather

than

a

continuously

operative

force.

It

would

have

been

intolerable

if

the

worker

had

been

normally

driven

to

work

by

conscious

fear

of

hunger;

nor,

except

in

the

early

and

worst

days

of

the

Industrial

Revolution,

did

that

normally

happen.

Similarly

in

the

society

of

the

future

the

power

of

direction

should

be

regarded

not

so

much

as

an

instrument

of

daily

use

but

rather

as

an

ultimate

sanction

held

in

reserve

where

voluntary

methods

fail.

It

is

inconceivable

that,

in

any

period

or

in

any

conditions

that

can

now

be

foreseen,

any

organ

of

state

in

Great

Britain

would

be

in

a

position,

even

if

it

had

the

will,

to

marshal

and

deploy

the

labour

force

over

the

whole

economy

by

military

discipline

like

an

army

in

the

field.

This,

like

other

nightmares

of

a

totally

planned

economy,

can

be

left

to

those

who

like

to

frighten

themselves

and

others

with

scarecrows.1.

The

word

“sanction”(Line

2,

Paragraph

1)

is

closest

in

meaning

to______.A

corrective

measuresB

encouraging

methodsC

preventive

effortsD

revolutionary

actions2.

Which

of

the

following

is

implied

in

the

first

paragraph?A

People

used

to

be

forced

to

work

under

whips.B

The

author

dislikes

the

function

of

politics

in

economy.C

Incentives

are

always

less

available

than

regulations.D

People

have

an

instinct

of

working

less

and

getting

more.3.

The

author’s

attitudes

towards

future,

as

is

indicated

in

the

beginning

of

the

second

paragraph,

is

one

of______.

A

reluctant

acceptanceB

sheer

pessimismC

mild

optimismD

extreme

hopefulness4.

The

author

of

the

text

seems

to

oppose

the

idea

of______.A

free

marketB

military

controlC

strict

regulationsD

unrestrained

labors5.

The

last

sentence

of

the

text

indicates

the

author’s______.A

hatredB

affectionC

stubbornnessD

rejection单项选择6._______

put

great

stock

in

the

exchange

of

business

cards

at

the

beginning

of

a

meeting.A.Japanese

B.Italians

C.Swedens

D.Americans7.Business

cards

shoud

be

printed

in

English

on

one

side

and

Arabic

on

the

other

in_______

.A.Indonesia

B.Asia

C.Egypt

and

other

Arabian

countries

D.Egypt

and

Indonesia8.In_______

，exchanging

business

cards

is

common

among

professional

workers.But

normally

it

is

not

the

situation

in

social

settings.A.Indonesia

B.Asia

C.Australia

D.Japan9.In

a

business

letter,the

date

line

consists

of

the

month,day

and

year.which

is

the

right

business

style

of

date

line

?A.14

Feb

B.14

February

C.Feb

14,

D.February

14,10.The

salutation

is

written

flush

with

the_______margin

_______space

or

lines

below

the

inside

address.

A.left

,two

B.left,one

C.right,two

D.right,one参考答案阅读了解1.【A】【精解】

本题考查词义了解。对sanction一词了解依赖于对整个第一段了解。第一段第二句提到sanction

of

hunger，其上文即第一句提到positive

incentives（正面激励），第二句以but为标志出现转折。所以，sanction

of

hunger与“正面激励”应该是相对照。第一段最终一句又提到，不能再要求这只无形手替我们做“惹人讨厌工作”了。这里“无形手”指是上文提到“sanction

of

hunger”，由此可知它做是“惹人讨厌工作”。综合以上线索，sanction应是一个“负面伎俩”，经过比如饥饿这么处罚来达成改进、改进目标。2.

【B】

【精解】本题考查推理引申。第一段第二句提到，要找到一个新经济激励伎俩来取代传统饥饿处罚。该段第三句分析了饥饿处罚不再起作用社会原因，即，这个新社会将经济与政治混为一谈，否定经济秩序自治权。所以作者对于政治对经济干预是反感，【B】在第一段中有所暗示。这种暗示在第二段第一句中“我认可对于社会某个部门可能拥有劳动力管理最终权力感到恐惧”得到了证实。【A】是依照文中出现whip（鞭）一词编造出来选项。其实，whip在本文中是比喻使用方法，指是“激励、鞭策伎俩”。文中只提到incentives，但未将它与regulations作比较，【C】错误。【D】在文中未包括。3.【A】

【精解】本题考查作者态度。依照题干定位到第二段开始部分。题干中future与文中prospect是同义替换。该部分提到，“我认可对于社会某个部门拥有称之为劳动力管理最终权力前景，并不像一些人那样以为恐惧，即使，恐惧对我来说也是不可防止”。显然，作者态度既不乐观也不消极，只是勉强地接收这种现实。【A】正确。4.【C】【精解】

本题考查作者观点。第三段倒数第四句提到，在未来社会中，管理权力应该被看作备用一个最严厉制裁，只有在自愿方法不论用时候才使用。该段最终两句则经过打比喻手法指出，过于严格伎俩就像经过军队纪律集结和布署劳动力一样。它是像计划经济一样噩梦。所以可知，【C】是作者反正确。第二段第三句提到，自由放任主义（laissez-faire）经济