托福听力讲义书lecture各大学科词汇

学习必■备欢迎千载新托福强化听力讲义—Lecture学科词汇汇总.生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism/microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic.海洋的学习必■备欢迎千载snail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性survivalofthefittest适者生存originofspecies物种起源wildenvironment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofspecies物种变异chromosome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异.动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说naturalselection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquaticlife水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-bloodedanimal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物

学习必■备欢迎千我学习必■备欢迎千我carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouf1age[,丘mufla：3伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory/carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系统digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管学习必■备欢迎千载stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland消化腺salivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede娱蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage^^wing翅膀bi（ll鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫：wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach嶂螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫.海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蝌oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鳏，红斑比目鱼学习必■备欢迎千载.植物学botany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub/bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物clubmosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋谢blossom花学习必■备欢迎千载pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交rootpressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumblossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦.气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast/predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层coldfront冷锋warmairmass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp/moist/humid潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frostWfog/mist雾smog烟雾droplet小水

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempest（storm）/torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard/snowstorm暴风雪avalanche/snowslide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado/twister/cyclone龙卷风windscale风级tsunami/seismicseawaveM^tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速winddirection风向long-rangeforecast长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图.地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载layer/stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack/split断裂disintegration/decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma/moltenlava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver车艮copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel银mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火山

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山（sloping）shieldvolcano盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided）conevolcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera（开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hotspring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave地震波transversewave横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami/tidal/force海啸undersealandslide海底山崩meltglobalwarming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peatbog泥炭沼泽GreatCanyon大峡谷NileRiver尼罗河Coloradoriver科罗拉多河crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人culturalrelics文物rockpainting岩画.地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载tropics热带地区Arctic/theNorthPole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarcticContinent南极洲theAntarcticCircle南极圈theArcticCircle北极圈aurora极光tropicsofCancer北回归线tropicsofCapricorn南回归线internationaldateline国际日期变更线timedifference时差timezone时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven/cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrainforest热带雨林continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛学习必■备欢迎千我islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlockedarea内陆inlandwaterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon/gorge峡谷channel/strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称）Fjord[gd]峡湾coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖学习必■备欢迎千载eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖.天文学astronomy天文学astronomicalobservatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos/universe宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestialbody/heavenlybody^^celestialmap/skyatlas天体图celestialsphere天球dwarf/dwarfstar矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy/MilkyWay银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid/asteroid小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星学习必■备欢迎千载Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space/outerspace太空，外层空间spacecraft/spaceship宇宙飞船spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut/spaceman宇航员spacesuit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solarprominence日珥（发生在色球层）convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infraredray红外卜线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illusiveobject幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸弓|力学习必■备欢迎千载molten融化的leap丫62「闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminosity光度lightyear光年.环保相关ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infraredradiation红外卜线辐射ozonelayer/ozonosphere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制waterpollution水污染noxious/toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solidwaste固体废物sewage/wastewater污水sewagepurification污水净化swagedisposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝.能源相关fossilfuel矿物燃料processofphotosynthesis光合作用solarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源学习必■备欢迎千载tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rushhour高峰期zeroemission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧globalwarming全球变暖greenhouseeffect温室效应riseinsealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trashgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acidrain酸雨sewagedisposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozonelayer臭氧层wastedisposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘ElNino厄尔尼诺现象.人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家

学习必■备欢迎千载学习必■备欢迎千载biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先斗区figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的学习必■备欢迎千载classic经典的posthumous死后的.发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrativeprose叙述性descriptiveprose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairytale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公mainplot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schoolsofliterature文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musicalinstrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddru击鼓footbeat跺脚9。=6音符学习必■备欢迎千载score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rockandroll摇滚乐bandmusic/windmusic管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboardinstrument键盘乐器perc