2022年湖北省随州市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022年湖北省随州市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Amotorbikeisatypeofhybridbecauseitusestwo______torun.

2.

TheDreamertypeneverspendslonghoursinfrontofadesk.

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3.

ItwaspolicewhohelpedtheAmericanmantofindhisoldfamilyhouse.

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4.

Overathree-yearperiod,thepolicytoinstalltaughenedglassinstorefrontshasresuitedin______.

5.BetterKnownasMarkTwain

Thisremarkablemanwenttoalog-cabinschooluntilhewastwelveyearsold.Thatwastheendofhisformaleducation.Inspiteofthis,hebecamethemostfamousliteraryfigureofhisgeneration.HereceivedhonorarydegreesfromOxfordUniversityandYaleUniversity.Peoplespeakofhimasthebestknownhumorouswriterofalltimes.HealsobroughtrealismandwesternlocalcolortoAmericanfiction.Hemademillionsofdollarsbywritingarticles,shortstories,andbooks.HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens,butheisbetterknownallovertheworldasMarkTwain.

MarkTwainwasborninasmallMissourivillageneartheMississippiRiverin1835.Atthattime,AndrewJacksonwasthepresidentofthecountry.AbrahamLincolnwasstillayoungfarmlaborerinIllinois.Thefirstrailroadhadbeenbuiltsevenyearsbefore.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasathand.TheeconomiccollapseofAmericanprosperity,calledthePanicof1837,stilllayahead.Thiswasalsotheliteraryperiodlatercalledthe"NewEnglandRenaissance".

MarkTwainwasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolirethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother'stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Hehadbeenborninatinytwo-roomcabin.Eightpeoplelivedtogetherthere.Hehadfourbrothersandsisters.Aslavegirllivedwiththemtoo.

Asaboy,MarkTwaincausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplaypracticaljokesonallhis'friendsandneighbors.Thenatureofhisjokesoftenledtoviolence.Hehatedtogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippi.Hewasfascinatedbythatmightyriver.Helikedtositonthebankoftheriverforhoursatatimeandjustgazeatthemysteriousislandsandpassingboatsandrafts.Hewasnearlydrownedninedifferenttimes.Helearnedmanythingsabouttheriverduringthosedays.Helearnedallaboutitshistoryandtheunusualpeoplewhorodeupanddownit.Heneverforgotthosescenesandthosepeople.Helatermadethempartof'thehistoryofAmericainhisbooksTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.

MarkTwaininheritedhisgeniusforhumorfromhismother.Obviously,hedidnotinherititfromhisfather.Heoncestatedthathehadneverseenasmileonhisfather'sface.Ontheotherhand,hismotherhadtherareabilitytosayhumorousthingswithperfectinnocence.ThissameabilitymadeMarkTwainallextremelyhumorouspublicspeaker.

Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,MarkTwainleftschoolandbecameaprinter'sapprentice.Hismotherfeltthathecouldmakealivingandgetsomeeducationinthisway.Heworkedfortheprinterasanapprenticefortwoyears.Duringthattimehereceivedonlyhisboardandclothesaspay.

By1853,MarkTwainwastiredofMissouri.Hegotanurgetoseetheworldandstartedoutwithemptypockets.HeworkedasaprinterinSt.Louis,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.Then,asaresultofreadingabook,hedecidedtogototheupperpartoftheAmazonRiver.Heplannedtomakeafortunebycollectingandsellingcocoa.Hisonlyproblemwasmoneyforthetrip.Thatproblemwassolvedinanunusualway.HefoundafiftydollarbillonthesidewalkandleftforBrazilthenextday.HegotasfarastheMississippiRiverandthenranoutofmoney.

NextMarkTwaindecidedtobecomeariver-boatpilotontheMississippi.Hefollowedhisnewprofessionforfifteenmonths.Hememorizedalltheturns,shallowspots,anddangerousrocksinthe1200milesfromSt.LouistoNewOrleans.Helearnedabouttheprideandresponsibilitiesofthepilots.Hebecameanexcellentpilot.However,hislifeasapilotcametoasuddenend.TheriverwasclosedtonavigationattheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ThenhejoinedtheConfederateArmy,butshortly

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6.

AccordingtotheWHO,increasesinmalaria,water-bornediseaseandmalnutritioncouldthreaten______.

7.

DaVinciwasthefirstroboticsystemtobeappliedandapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration.

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8.

Wecanlearnfromthetextthatmanynewlymarriedpeople______payforwhattheyneed.

9.

Certaininsects,suchasthemonarchbutterfly,canincorporatepoisonoussubstancesfoundinfoodplantsintotheirowntissuesandusethemas______.

10.

Rocksin______havebeenoversampledcomparedwiththoseinthetropics.

11.

JacquesDelorssuggestedeuroasthenameofthesinglecurrencyinEurope.

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12.

Accordingtointerpersonaltheoryofdepression,peoplemightbementallyillwithoutenough______.

13.WhyAreYouLaughing?

Manistheonlyanimalthatlaughs.Wilyisthistrue?Whatmakesusrespondaswedotopleasurableexperiences?Whatisthehistoryofthis"happyconvulsion(痉挛)",assomeoneoncetermedit,andjustwhatisitsfunction?

Wearenotshortoftheoriestoexplainthemystery;forcenturies,biologists,philosophers,psychologistsandmedicalmenhavesoughtadefinitiveexplanationoflaughter.Onewritertheorizedthatitsfunctionistointimidateothersortogainstatureoverthembyhumiliatingthem.Anothertooktheoppositeview:thatwelaughinordernottocry.Apsychologistofferedtheexplanationthatlaughterfunctionsasaremedyforpainfulexperiences,andthatitservestodefendapersonagainstwhatthepsychologisttermed:"themanyminorpainstowhichmanisexposed".Intheseventeenthcenturyawritersetforththetheorythatwelaughwhenwecompareourselveswithothersandfindourselvessuperior:ineffect,welaughatthefrailtyofothers.

Virtuallyeverytheoryhasconcernedwitheitherthestructureorthefunctionoflaughter,whereasrelativelyfewhavebeendevotedtothequestionofitsorigin.Iproposetoofferatheorywhich,sofarasIamaware,hasnotpreviouslybeensetforth,thatonlythoseanimalscapableofspeecharecapableoflaughter,andthatthereforeman,beingtheonlyanimalthatspeaks,istheonlyanimalthatlaughs.

Thoseofuswhohaveobservedchimpanzeescloselyfeelquiteconfidentthatthechimpanzeeoccasionallyexhibitsbehavior.thatlooksverymuchlikeaprimitivehumanlaughter.Thisbehavior,however,hasbeenobservedonlyinahumancontext;whetherornotitoccursundernaturalconditionsisdubious;buttheveryfactthatunderanyconditionsanapeiscapableofsuchbehavior.ismorethanpassinginterest—fordoesitnotindicatethatearlymanhadtherudiments(初级阶段)oflaughter?

Laughterisdefinedasanemotionalresponse,expressivenormallyofjoy,involvingcharacteristicsoundsofthevoiceandmovementsofthefeaturesandthebody.Thejoymaytaketheform.ofgladness,amusement,ridicule,andsoon.WhyshouldlaughterbeasintimatelyassociatedwiththepowerofspeechasIhavesuggested?Speechistheverbal,orvocal,expressionofsymbolsandtherelationsbetweensymbols.Probablyataboutthesametimespeechevolved,laughteroriginatedtoo,asakindofsemiverbalizedsocialexpressionofpleasure.Withthedevelopmentofspeech,thenumberofoccasionsproducingsuddenexperiencesofpleasureincreased,and,sincelaughterwascloselyassociatedwithspeech,manhadthismeansofexpressinghispleasure.Havingbrokenthe"soundbarrier",asitwere,mancouldexpresswithlaughterwhatotheranimalscouldnot.Sincetheloweranimalshadnospeech,theyencounteredfewerpleasurablesituationsand,furthermore,wereunabletolaughnomatterwhatthestimulation.

Oncethefirstlaughterhadbeenlaughedbyprimitiveman,withsuchapparentlypleasurableeffectsallaround,laughterbegantotakeonanintrinsicvaluewithinthesocietyofman.Thepersonpossessingtheabilitytocommunicatepleasureinaloudlaughbegantoenjoysocialadvantagesoverhismoreseriouscolleagues;hebecamea"goodmixer",sociallyselectedandlikedbysociety.Thustheprocessofnaturalselectionwouldtendtooperateinfavorofthoseabletoexpresstheirpleasurablestatesinlaughter,ascomparedwiththosenotsoable.Throughoutthecourseofevolution,laughterwouldbecomeestablishedthroughoutthehumanspeciesasafunctionofsociologicalandpsychologicalvalue.

Thuslaughtergraduallybecameestablishedasacapacityamongvirtuallyallhumanbeings.Inaddition,laughter'sinfectiousquality,helpeddistributeitasacharacteristiccommontoallmankind.Laughterwasadvantageous;thereforeitsu

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14.

Naturalgasburnssocleanlythattheownersofthenatural-gasvehicleshave______.

15.

IfacityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan______ontheirown.

16.

ChinesearethemostsuccessfulbusinessgroupinAsia.

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17.

Becauseofthetheatreperformances,theareaaroundPiccadillyandLeicesterSquaretubestationsgetscrowded______.

A.beforeseven-thirty

B.betweensevenandeight

C.atabouteighto'clock

D.fromseven-fifteentoeight

18.Whyisthedebateongeneticallymodifiedfoodsmoreheatedindevelopingcountries?

A.Theyhavearichrangeoffoods.

B.Theyliketraditionalandnaturalfood.

C.Theyhavetofeedfast-growingpopulations.

D.TherisksofGMfoodoutweighthebenefits.

19.

Multinationalsin1913werecomposedofadomesticfirmsanditsself-containedandautonomous

20.WhenMomandDadGrowOld

Theprospectoftalkingtoincreasinglyfragileparentsabouttheirfuturecanbe"oneofthemostdifficultchallengesadultchildrenwilleverface,"saysClarissaGreen,aVancouvertherapist."Peopleoftentellmetheydon'twanttoraisesensitiveissueswiththeirparentsaboutbringingincaregiversormoving,"shesays."They'llsay,'Idon'twanttoseedadcry.'"ButGreenusuallyresponds,"What'swrongwiththat?"Adultchildren,shesays,needtotrytojointheirparentsingrievingtheirdecline,acknowledgetheirlivingarrangementsmaynolongerworkand,ifnecessary,helpthemsaygoodbyetotheirbelovedhome."It'ssad.Andit'ssupposedtobe.It'saboutdeathitself."

Therearealmostfourmillionmenandwomenoverage65inCanada.Nearlytwothirdsofthemmanagetopatchtogetherenoughsupport—fromfamily,friends,privateandgovernmentservices—toliveindependentlyuntilvirtuallythedaytheydie,accordingtoStatisticsCanada.

OftheCanadianseniorswholiveto85andover,almostoneinthreeendupbeingmoved—sometimeskicking—togrouplivingforthelastyearsoftheirlives.Eveninthebest-casescenarios(可能出现的情况),suchdislocationscanbringsorrow."Oftenthefamilyfeelsguilty,andtheseniorfeelsabandoned,"saysCharmaineSpencer,aprofessorinthegerontologydepartmentofSimonFraserUniversity.Harassedwiththeirowncareersandchildren,adultchildrenmaypushtheirparentstoofasttomakeamajortransition.

ValMacDonald,executivedirectoroftheB.C.SeniorsServicesSociety,cautionsadultchildrenagainstimposingtheirviewsonagingparents."Manybabyboomerscanbequitepatronizing(高人一等的),"shesays.Likemanywhoworkwithseniors,MacDonaldsuggestsadultchildrendevotemanyconversationsoveralongperiodoftimetocollaboratingontheirparents'future,raisingfeelings,questionsandoptions—gently,butfrankly.However,manymiddle-agedadults,accordingtothespecialists,justmuddle(应付)throughwiththeiragingparents.

WhentheparentsofNancyWoodsofMulmurHills,Ont.,wereintheirmid-80s,theymadethedecisiontodownsizefromtheirlargefamilyhometoanapartmentinToronto.AsWoods'sparents,GeorgeandBernice,becamemorefrail,shebelievedtheyknewshehadtheirbestinterestsatheart.TheyagreedtohersuggestiontohaveMealsonWheelsstartdeliveringlunchesanddinners.However,yearslater,afteracrisis,Woodsdiscoveredherparentshadtakentothrowingoutthepreparedmeals.Herdadhadappreciatedthem,butBernicehadcometobelievetheywerepoisoned."Myfatherwassoloyal,"saysWoods,"hehadhidthatmymotherwasoverwhelmedbyparanoia(偏执狂)."Toherhorror,Woodsdiscoveredherdadandmomwere"livingoncrackersandoatmealporridge"andwereweakeningfromtheimpoverisheddiet.HerdadwasalsofallingapartwiththestressofprovidingforBernice—acommonproblemwhenonespousetriestodoeverythingforanailingpartner."Thespousewho'sbeingcaredformightbedoingwellathome,"saysSpencer,"butoftentheotherspouseisburnedoutandendsupbeinghospitalized."

Fortunately,outsidehelpisoftenavailabletopeoplestrugglingthroughtheoften-distressingprocessofhelpingtheirparentsexploreanimportantshift.Sonsanddaughterscanbringinbrochuresorbooksonseniors'issues,aswellasintroducegovernmenthealth-careworkersorstaffatvariousagencies,tohelpraiseissuesandopenupdiscussions,saysValMacDonald,whosenonprofitorganizationrespondstothousandsofcallsayearfromBritishColumbiansdesperateforinformationabouthowtoweavethroughthedizzyingarrayofseniorsservicesandhousingoptions.Thelonglistofthingstodo,saysMacDonald,includesassessingtheirabilitytoliveindependently;determiningyourcomfortlevelwithsuchthingsa

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(22)

A.Theplaceshehasvisitedtheseyears.

B.Thereasonforquittingasummerplan.

C.ThenumberoftimesthemanhasvisitedYan'an.

D.Thehistoricalfactsshehaslearnedinschool.

22.

【B4】

23.听力原文：M:There'saletterhereforyou,mum.

W:Thanks,Jack.Oh,no,notanothertelephonebill.Ihopeitisnotasmuchaslasttime.

M:Howmuchisit?

W:$130.94forthreemonths.Howcanitbesomuch?YourfatherandIhardlymakeanycalls.Youmusthavebeenusingthephoneallthetime.

M:Onlytospeaktomyfriends.

W:Jack,Idon'tthinkyourealisejusthowmuchitcostswhenyoutelephoneyourschoolfriends,andyouspeaktothemforsolong,especiallyduringtheday.Whycan'tyoucallthemafter6pmwhenitischeaper.Yourfatherisgoingtobeupsetwhenhefindsout.

M:I'msorry.

W:Well,beingsorryjustisn'tgoodenough.I'vetoldyouoftenenoughnottousethetelephonesomuch.Ifyouhadtopaythebillyouwouldn'tbesoirresponsiblewiththetelephone.Youseeyourfriendseveryday.Whydoyouneedtophonethemupaswell?

M:Idon'tknow,Mum.Wejusthavesomuchtoshare.

W:Ok.You'llhavetopayhalfofthisbilloutofyourwagesfromyourSaturdayjob.

M:ButMum,that'snotfair.

W:Tomakeyoulearnalesson,Ihavetomakeyoupayhalfofthisbill.

M:Oh,no,Mum,it'lltakemeweekstopayyouhalfof$130.94.

(20)

A.Howtoavoidmakingtoomanyphonecalls.

B.Theson'smakinglongcallswithhisfriends.

C.HowtomakemoremoneyfromtheSaturdayjob.

D.Whoshouldpayhalfofthetelephonebill.

24.【B3】

25.(35)

A.TheysendthemessagetothePresidentwithintendays.

B.Theyofficiallystatereasonsforrejectingthemessage.

C.TheymeetwiththePresident.

D.Theyrevisethevetoedbill.

26.(36)

A.Stayawayfromtheinfectedpeople.

B.Haveagoodrestanddrinkplentyoffluids.

C.Gettheflushotonceayear.

D.Takemedicineslikeaspirininadvance.

27.听力原文：WhentheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveymakesitsannualreportonearthquakes,Californiausuallyleadsthenationinthenumberoftremorsthatpeople,ratherthanmeasuringinstruments,can“feel”.CaliforniaalsosufferedthemostseriousdamagefromanearthquakeintheSurvey’s

1983reportonsignificantearthquakes.Thesearethequakesthatmeasureatleast6.5ontheRicherscale.Theseearthquakesareincludediftheycauseconsiderabledamageorcasualties(thatis,ifpeopleareinjuredorkilled).

In1983,foursignificantquakesoccurredintheUnitedStates.Thiscomparesto70earthquakesworldwide.ThestrongestUnitesStatesearthquaketookplaceinsouth-centralIdahoandmeasured7.3.ItkilledtwochildreninChallis,anearbytown.Itcaused＄2.5millionindamages.A6.5quakeinCoalinga,California,injured45peopleandcost＄3.1million,LargeareasofCoalingahadtoberazedortorndownbecausethebuildingscouldnetberepaired.

AtremoroffthesoutherncoastofAlaskainthePacificOceanmeasured6.5butcausednodamage.However,a6.6quakeonTheBigIslandinHawaiihurtsixpeopleandcost＄6million.

Californiahadatotalof119earthquakesthatpeoplefeltandreportedtoauthoritiesin1983.Hawaiiwassecondwith75,andAlaskawasthirdwith64earthquakes.

(30)

A.AsignificantearthquakeoccursintheUnitedStates.

B.Asignificantearthquakeoccursintheocean.

C.Asignificantearthquakedoesnotkillanybody.

D.Asignificantearthquakeusuallymeasuresover6.5ontheRichterscale.

28.听力原文：M:Hey,wakeup!Iseeyouarenotintheconsecratedsituation,what'sup?

W:Oh,hi.(19)I'mstillinshock.Ijustgotthegreenlightfromadmissionsandloottoboot.

M:Fantastic!Andcongratulationstoyou.Whatdidyouget?It'sthefellowship,assistantship,scholarshiporsomethingelse?

W:Theyofferedmeanassistantship,It'sbetterthanI'dhopedfor.(20)Thestipendwillcovertuition,roomandboard.WiththatIwon'thavetospongeoffmyfolk.Andyouknowinthelastterm,forthewholefee,Iwastedsomuchtimeandenergyinit,andnowIcouldmustermycouragetohandlemystudy.

M:That'sgreat!Soyouonlyhavetoprovidetheround-triptransportationfee,vacationexpensesandmiscellaneouscosts,becauseassistantshipsusuallycoveranacademicyear,whichisninemonths.Whichschoolgaveyousuchanassistantship,TexasU.ortheotheruniversity?

W:No,MiamiUniversity.

M:So,you'llgotothesunnySouth.TheviewinMiamiisfantasticandyoucouldhaveafuntimethere.

W:You'vegotaregionalhang-up,Burt.ThisMiamiUniversityjusthappenstobeinOxford,Ohio.ButIcouldalsoenjoyanotherviewpointthere,andIprefertheOxfordsight.

M:What'syourfield?Haveyoumadeanychange?

W:(21)I'mgoingtomajorinEducation,concentratingonTeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguage.Whatwithworkingparttime,itwillprobablytakemetwoyearstogetmyM.A.degree.AnduntilthattimeIcouldsavethefeeorthetuition.

M:So,(21)youarenotfollowinginyourfather'sfootsteps?

W:No,writingdoesn'tappealtome,butI'mworriedaboutthemakeupcredits.

(20)

A.Shefeelsterriblyupsetbylosingherleatherboots.

B.Sheisstillexcitedatthenewsshe'sjustgot.

C.Sheisviolentlyhorrifiedbythesuddenloot.

D.Shefeelsextremelydisgustedbytheman'sdisturbance.

29.(31)

A.Individualstates.

B.Taxesofcitizens.

C.Federalgovernment.

D.Parents.

30.听力原文：W:Doyouthinktheattendancewillbegood?

M:Thisseminarshouldattractstockbrokersfromalloverthecountry.Ourdecisiontoreservethecity'sconventioncenterwasagoodone.

Q:Whatisthewomanimplying?

(19)

A.Theywillneedalargelocation.

B.Notmanywillattendtheseminar.

C.They'dbetterfindalocationquickly.

D.Theconventioncentermaynotbeavailable.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Anna,thecook.

B.AnnaandLinda.

C.Anna,Lindaandthecook.

D.Anna,Lindaandthevisitor.

32.

【B2】

33.(24)

A.Hewentforatourofthecity.

B.Hereadaboutit.

C.Hewroteanarticleaboutit.

D.Heworkedthereasaguide.

34.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:ManystudentsarecomplainingaboutProf.Gilmore'slectures.Theysayhegoesoverthetextbooktoofastinclass.Whatdoyouthink?

F:Well,Idon'thavetotakeasmanynotesasmoststudentsdo.Yousee,Ihaveasimilarcourseinanotherdepartment.MaybeI'mnotthebestpersontoask.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?

(12)

A.Shedoesn'tlikeProf.Gilmore'slectures,either.

B.Shedoesn'tliketotakenotes.

C.Shedoesn'treallycarewhatProf.Gilmoreteaches.

D.ShehasalreadyquitProf.Gilmore'scourseandchooseanewone.

35.

【B9】

36.(32)

A.Directthebuildingworkonthebridge.

B.Leadthebuildersofthebridgeinahospital.

C.Directtheconstructionofthebridgebyradio.

D.Givehisdirectionstotheworkersfromaflatnearby.

37.(45)

38.(40)

39.(43)

40.(21)

A.Togiveanexampleofinequality.

B.Toshowthepositivesideofequality.

C.Toshowanexampleoftherolemodel.

D.Toemphasizethatwomenaresuperiortomen.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Whichofthefollowingisachangeincitydevelopmentinthe20thcentury?

A.MorethanhalfofAfricanpopulationwillliveincities.

B.ManycitiesinAsiawillhavemorethan20millioninhabitants.

C.Citiesinthedevelopingworldwillbeevenlarger.

D.MorecitiesinAsiahavemorethanonemillionpeople.

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

RobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.SpringwasborninEnglandin1813andarrivedinPhiladelphiain1858toopenabookstore.AtfirstheprosperedbysellinghissmallbutgenuinecollectionofearlyU.S.autographs.Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaforsaleandcirculation.Forgershaveahardtimesellingtheirproducts.Aforgercan'tapproacharespectablebuyerbutmustdealwithpeoplewhodon'thavemuchknowledgeinthefield.Forgershavemanywaystomaketheirworklookreal.Forexampletheybuyoldbookstouseagedpaperofthetitlepage,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemical.InSpring'stime,rightaftertheCivilWar,BritainwasstillfondoftheSouthernstates,soSpringinventedarespectablemaidenladyknownasMissFannyJackson,theonlydaughterofGeneral"Stonewall"Jackson.ForseveralyearsMissFanny'sfinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanuscriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Springhadtoworkveryhardtosatisfythedemand.AllthisactivitydidnotpreventSpringfromdyinginpoverty,leavingsharpeyedexpertsfiledifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesfromtheoriginals.

WhatwasinagreatdemandinBritainaftertheCivilWar?

43.

Accordingtotheauthor,thefortunesofHerakleionandEasternCanopusdeclinedin______.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Unlikethescientist,theengineerisnotfreetoselecttheproblemwhichinterestshim；hemustsolvetheproblemsastheyarise,andhissolutionsmustsatisfyconflictingrequirements.Typically,theengineeringsolutiontomostproblemsmusttakeintoaccountmanyfactors.

Totheengineer,efficiencymeansoutputdividedbyinput.Hisjobistosecureamaximumoutputforagiveninputortosecureagivenoutputwithaminimuminput.Theratiomaybeexpressedintermsofenergy,materials,money,time,orman.Mostcommonlythedenominator(分母)ismoney；infact,mostengineeringproblemsareansweredultimatelyindollarsandcents.

Theemphasisonefficiencyleadstothelarge,complexoperationswhicharecharacteristicofengineering.Theprocessingofthenewantibioticandvaccinesinthetest-tubestagebelongsinthefieldofbiochemistry,butwhengreatquantitiesmustbeproducedatlowcost,itbecomesanengineeringproblem.Itisthedesireforefficiencyandeconomythatdistinguishesceramicengineeringfromtheworkofthepotter,textileengineeringfromweaving,andagriculturalengineeringfromfarming.

Sinceoutputequalsinputminuslosses,theengineermustkeeplossesandwastetoaminimum.Onewayistodevelopusesforproductswhichotherwisewouldbewaste.Theworkofthechemicalengineerinutilizingsuccessivelygreaterfractionsofrawmaterialssuchascrudeoiliswellknown.Lossesduetofrictionoccurineverymachineandineveryorganization.Efficientfunctioningdependsongooddesign,carefulattentiontooperatingdifficulties,andlubricationofroughspots,whethertheyaremechanicalorpersonal.

Therawmaterialswithwhichengineersworkareseldomfoundinusefulforms.Engineeringofthehighesttypeisrequiredtoconceive,design,andachievetheconversionoftheenergyofaturbulentmountainstreamintothepowerfultorque(转矩)ofanelectricmotorahundredmilesaway.Similarlymanyengineeringoperationsarerequiredtochangethesandsoftheseashoreintothepreciselenseswhichpermitustoobservetheminutebacteriainadropofwaterandstudyagiantmassofstarsinouterspace.

Whatmightbeinferredaboutthescientistfromthesentencesatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Hemustchoosethelong-termsolutiontoaproblem.

B.Hemaystudytheproblemhehasaninterestin.

C.Hecanavoidtheconflictbetweenworkandpleasure.

D.Heshouldbefamiliarwithsomeengineeringproblems.

45.

【C8】

46.(56)

47.

WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmeric