2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze2.单选题Childrenlearnalmostnothingfromtelevision,andthemoretheywatchthelesstheyremember.Theyregardtelevisionpurely（1）entertainment,resentprogramsthatput（2）onthemandaresurprisedthatanybodyshould（3）themediumseriously.Farfrombeingover-excitedbyprograms,theyaremildly（4）withthewholething.Thesearethemainconclusionsfromanewstudyofchildrenandtelevision.Theauthor,CardiacCullingford（5）thatthemodernchildisa（6）viewer.Thestudysuggeststhatthereislittle（7）inthelaterhours.All11-year-oldshavewatchedprogramsaftermidnight.Apartfromtheobviouswasteoftime（8）,itseemsthatallthisviewinghaslittleeffect.Cullingfordsaysthatchildrencanrecallfewdetails.Theycanrememberexactlywhichprogramstheyhaveseenbuttheycan（9）explaintheelementsofaparticularplot.Recallwasin“（10）proportiontotheamounttheyhadwatched”.Itispreciselybecausetelevision,（11）ateacher,demandssolittleattentionandresponse（12）childrenlikeit,arguesCullingford.Programsseekingto（13）seriousmessagesarestronglydisliked.（14）peoplewhofrequentlytalkonscreen.Whatchildrenlikemostaretheadvertisements.Theyseethemasshortprograms（15）theirownrightandparticularlyenjoyhumorouspresentation.Butagain,they（16）stronglyagainsthigh-pressureadvertisementsthatattemptopenlyto（17）them.Inaddition,childrenarenot（18）involvedintheprograms.Iftheyadmirethestars,itisbecausetheactorsleadglamorouslivesandearnalotofmoney,（19）theirfictionalskillswithfastcarsandshootingvillains.Childrenareperfectly（20）thefunctionsofadvertisements.AndsaysCullingford,educationaltelevisionisprobablyleastsuccessfulofallinimpartingattitudesorinformation.问题1选项A.forB.asC.likeD.at问题2选项A.reformsB.commentsC.callsD.demands问题3选项A.adjustB.selectC.takeD.restrict问题4选项A.gratifiedB.acquaintedC.infectedD.bored问题5选项A.conformsB.confirmsC.confessesD.refutes问题6选项A.dedicatedB.sincereC.preoccupiedD.choosy问题7选项A.perfectionB.faithC.intentionD.point问题8选项A.resolvedB.involvedC.revivedD.revolved问题9选项A.rarelyB.fairlyC.abundantlyD.fully问题10选项A.diverseB.reverseC.immerseD.direct问题11选项A.dislikeB.likeC.unlikeD.unlikely问题12选项A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whether问题13选项A.putoverB.carryoverC.seeoverD.takeover问题14选项A.ThoseareB.SoareC.TheyareD.Thereare问题15选项A.inB.amongC.throughD.with问题16选项A.weighB.reactC.discriminateD.proceed问题17选项A.influenceB.haveinfluencedC.influencedD.influencing问题18选项A.indifferentlyB.emotionallyC.intellectuallyD.facilely问题19选项A.mainlybecauseB.partlybecauseC.notbecauseD.notbecauseof问题20选项A.clearaboutB.clearupC.clearawayD.clearof3.单选题FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?问题1选项A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.问题2选项A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.问题3选项A.interpretationbythebrain.B.conesoftheretina.C.rodsoftheretina.D.opticnerve.问题4选项A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.问题5选项A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.4.单选题Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen（）intohumannature.问题1选项A.intellectB.insightC.perceptionD.understanding5.单选题Theculturaldepartmentistryingtohelptheseperformingenterprisesoutofthe（）byvariousmeans.问题1选项A.delightB.twilightC.flightD.plight6.单选题Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen（）fromgenerationtogeneration.问题1选项A.handedoverB.handedoutC.handeddownD.handedacross7.翻译题由19世纪的后印象派开始，凡高、赛尚、高更三个人的创作理念和风格是现代艺术的开端。他们之所以在美术史上重要因为他们是开拓者。所以在谈论到现代艺术时我们无法跨过这三个大师。当然，现在的后现代艺术与现代艺术又是不同的，后现代艺术同样是对之前的现代艺术的思考和反叛，也只有在不断的创新与反叛中，艺术的历史才能被延续。8.单选题TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.问题1选项A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappinessB.AmericanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappinessC.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitselfD.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness问题2选项A.people’sdesiresB.advertisementsC.varioussensesofhappinessD.theforcesofAmericanbusiness问题3选项A.apatrioticdutyB.supportingthenationaleconomyC.somethingaddictingustogreedD.beingtakeninbyadvertising问题4选项A.sheerartandslogansB.fulloflureanddeceptionC.veryusefulforprofessionalwomenD.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills问题5选项A.ThepursuitofhappinessB.TherighttopursuehappinessC.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeopleD.Themisguidingforceofadvertising9.单选题Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism10.翻译题没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。11.翻译题Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.12.单选题

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.问题1选项A.unfamiliarB.localC.unfavorableD.good13.单选题Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.问题1选项A.attitudesB.methodsC.solutionsD.thoughts14.单选题Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeinwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept（）.2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading（）.3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparagraph?4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis（）.问题1选项A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetextB.one’spurposeinreadingC.thelengthofagroupofwordsD.lightingandtiredness问题2选项A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixationB.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequicklyC.demandsandeeply-participatingmindD.demandsmoremindthaneyes问题3选项A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeorcomprehendwords.C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.问题4选项A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.问题5选项A.criticalB.neutralC.pessimisticD.optimistic15.单选题Peopleofdiversebackgroundsnowflytodistantplacesforpleasure,businessoreducation.问题1选项A.differentB.distinctiveC.divorcedD.separate16.单选题

Thesenator'sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermisfutile.问题1选项A.laudableB.sincereC.authenticD.useless17.单选题TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.Wgeneration?4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.问题1选项A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.问题2选项A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.问题3选项A.Technologicalwonders.B.Accesstoinformation.C.Time.D.Timesavingdevices.问题4选项A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.问题5选项A.TheNewInternetLife.B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.18.单选题Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.问题1选项A.prolificB.sedentaryC.sluggishD.measured19.单选题Thegirlchosesomeverypretty（）paperforthepresent.问题1选项A.coveringB.wrappingC.packingD.collecting20.单选题AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.问题1选项A.fluencyB.clarityC.coherenceD.excellency21.单选题Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.问题1选项A.favorableB.predictableC.dependableD.reasonable22.单选题Theseproblemsare（）examplesintheefforttoavoidtheinevitableeffectsofshortsightedfiscalplanninginthefuture.问题1选项A.representativeB.aberrantC.insignificantD.illuminating23.单选题Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.问题1选项A.establishedB.maximizedC.guaranteedD.promoted24.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.25.单选题Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.1.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause（）.4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause（）.5.Wemayconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.问题1选项A.todefine(下定义)whatthepovertylineisB.toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertylineC.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpovertyD.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople问题2选项A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.问题3选项A.theydonothaveenoughmotivationB.theyaresoyoungthattheydon’thavetherighttoworkC.theyfailtogetenougheducationD.theyareverypoorinhealth问题4选项A.theydonothaveanymotivationtoworkB.theyarenotveryself-confidentC.theyaretooyoungortoooldtoworkD.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems问题5选项A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfoundB.welfarewillenablethemtoberichC.poorpeoplearesuretogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusinessD.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workat“从事于，致力于”；B选项excelat“突出，擅长于”；C选项aimat“目的在于”；D选项gazeat“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。regard...as…意为“将…