2023年考研考博-考博英语-中共中央党校考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-中共中央党校考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Undertheterm“services”（）togethermiscellaneousactivitieswithlittleincommonexceptotherthanagriculture,extractiveindustries,utilitiesandmanufacturing.问题1选项A.lumpB.tolumpC.islumpedD.arelumped2.翻译题Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedman.WhatBhabhadescribesastheuncoveringofthe'contestationandflux’ofidentityhascontributedtothecosmopolitanproject.Manypost-colonialwritersinthisrespectpointtothepartialblindnessofnationalhabitsandtraditions,whichseeonlywhattheywanttosee.

Thediscursivesinofargumentsmadeinrespectofhybridityistopointtothewaycommonidentities(notjustelites)areforgedthroughtheunpredictableflowsofpeoplesandsymbols.3.单选题TheCubangovernmentreleasedtheAmericancontractorAlanGrosson“humanitariangrounds”onWednesdayafterfiveyearsofcaptivity,anAmericangovernmentofficialsaid,（）apotentialthawindecadesoftenserelationswiththeUnitedStates.问题1选项A.topavethewayforB.pavingthewayforC.pavingthewaytoD.topavethewayto4.单选题Astheclerk（）preparedmymilkshake,Iwonderedhowlongshehadbeenworkingthere,（）makingicecreamtreatsinasetorderofsteps.问题1选项A.logically...incautiouslyB.methodically...mindlesslyC.systematically...carefullyD.synthetically...casually5.单选题SheisalivingproofthataTVcelebritywiththehighestaspirationscansurviveinamediumthattoooftenseemstoberacing（）.问题1选项A.outofbottomB.atthebottomC.tothebottomD.onthebottom6.单选题

Forayoungmanofsuchscrupulousloyaltyandsolittleambitionthiswasadiscouragingstart.Despiteallhiscorrectness,heappearedtohaveblunderedandtohavestartedlife（）.问题1选项A.onwrongfeetB.onhiswrongfeetC.onthewrongfootD.onawrongfoot7.单选题Whypickupwhatliteraryhistorysoresolutelydiscards?Anystudyofbestsellersconfrontsthesamequestionasdoesthedecaf,no-fatlattedrinkerinStarbucks:‘whybother?’Onejustification,andtheeasiestdemonstrated,istheirinterestingpeculiarity.Likeotherephemeraofpasttimes,bestsellersofferthecharmofantiquarianquaintness.Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.Lookingbackthroughthelistsistouncoverdelightfulculturaloddities.Consider,forexample,thetop-sellingnovelof1923intheUnitedStates,BlackOxen,byGertrudeAtherton.RecalltoothatthediscriminatingreaderofthatyearhadJamesJoyce’sUlyssesandT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLandtochoosefrom.TheallusionofAtherton'stitlesignalsgrandliterarypretension;pretensionabsurdlyunmerited.Nonetheless,thenovel’sthemewas,forthetime,bothtopicalandsensational—rejuvenation.Forhumans,thatis,notcattle.ThenarrativeopensinaNewYorktheatre.Abrilliantyoungnewspaperman,LeeClavering,isstruckbyabeautifulwomanintheaudience.Investigationrevealsthatsheisfaciallyidenticalwithayoung‘belle’ofthirtyyearsbefore,MaryOgden.MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.Whennewsofthewonderfulprocesshitsthenewspapers,‘civilwarthreatens’.AndlucklessClaveringfindshimselfinlovewithawomanoldenoughtobehismother.Ontheotherside,hehimselfisobsessivelylovedbyaflapper,Janet,youngenoughtobehisdaughter,whodrinksillegalhoochandattends‘pettingparties’.Theplotthickens,madlythereafter.Itisnonsense-justas,medically,Stcinach’sX-raymiraclewasnonsense.In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment.Itseems,frompublicitypictures,tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.Buttoshfictionandquackscienceasitmaybe,BlackOxenfits,hand-in-glove,withitsperiod.Andnootherperiod.Howeverabsurditseemstothemodernreader,Atherton’snovelreflects,anddramatizes,contemporaryanxietyaboutwomen’sfreedoms.The1920swastheeraofthe'flapper'--theperpetuallyyounggirl-woman.Britishwomeninthisdecadehad,afterlongstruggle,thevote-butonlyiftheywereover30,afterwhichtheheydayinthefemalebloodwasconceivedtohavebeensufficientlycooledtomakerationalpoliticaldecisions.BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.Itcouldhavebeenpublished15yearslater.Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.Norwouldit,inotherdays,havebeenwhatitwas,‘thebookoftheday’.Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.Thishand-in-glovequalityisinextricablylinkedwiththeephemeralityofbestsellerism.1.WhydoestheauthormentionUlyssesandTheWasteLandinparagraph2?2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutBlackOxenEXCEPT（

）.3.Theword“rage”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.4.WhichofthefollowingsentencecanbestexpressthemeaningofthehighlightedsentenceintheLastparagraph?5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutabestseller?问题1选项A.TheywerebestsellersjustsecondtoBlackOxenin1923.B.TheyweremorepopularthanBlankOxenin1923.C.AscontemporarynovelsofBlackOxen,theywerenotpopularin1923.D.Asbestsellersof1923,theywerenotaspopularasBlackOxen.问题2选项A.ThoughthewriterofBlackOxendidgetatreatmentforkeepingyoung,butitlookedunsuccessful.B.BlackOxenimpliedtheX-raytechniquewaswelcomedbywomenwhowereinmenopause.C.BlackOxenwasverypopularin1923whenpeoplebelievedinpseudoscienceaboutrenewalofyouthfulness.D.CountZattianyappearedinBlackOxenasaminorcharacter.问题3选项A.angergreatlyB.prevailuncontrollablyC.rakelipD.presumedaringly问题4选项A.Theethosof1923forBlackOxenisjustlikewaterforfish.B.Withoutitstime-and-space,BlackOxenwouldhaveenjoyeditspopularityforalongertime.C.Withoutwater,BlackOxenwouldloseitspopularity.D.BlackOxenwouldnothavebeenproducedifitwasn’ttreatedlikeafish.问题5选项A.Abestselleronlycatersforitsowntime.B.Abestsellerisliabletotellalovetrianglestory.C.Abestsellercannotbewrittenbyanoldfemalewriter.D.Abestsellerisagreatliterarywork,thoughitisstrange.8.翻译题Itisalsoclearfromhisaccountwhoisresponsibleformisrepresentingthisthreat:themediaandpoliticians.Thoughoutthiswork,hescoldsboth.Politicians,wearetold,“amplifythethreatfortheirownpoliticalgainsandmisleadthepublicintomisunderstandingterrorismandpreferappearingtoughonterrorismtoeffectivelycombatingitathome”.Hearguesthatmediareportingissignificantlyflawedandhystericalandsuggeststhatthemediaandpoliticiansseldompassupanyopportunitytomanipulateandsensationalizenewsevents.ThecombinationofthesetwofactorsisagreatinflationoftheterroristtheatintheUnitedStates,resultinginpopularhysteria.ThefocusonthethreattotheWestisunderstandableinsomeways—itisthethreattoone’sownstatethatthemediaandpoliticiansareconcernedwithandattempttomitigate.9.单选题MuchasofficialsstillsaythatChinacannotcarrytheburdenofinternationalgovernance,theyare（）theideathatitshouldsignupasastakeholderinasetofrulesmadeinWashington.问题1选项A.dismissiveofB.disincentivetoC.disturbingD.dissipating10.单选题

Hehadaclearpictureofasadandlonelyman,deeplyconcernedabouthishealthwhichseemedtopromiseonlyafairlyrapiddeclineinto（）.问题1选项A.convalesceB.recoveryC.senilityD.relapse11.单选题Asageneralrule,privateindividualsarefreetorefusetobuygoodsorservicesfromabusiness（）thatthebusinesshastradinglinkswithacountrywhichisunderthecontrolofagovernmentofwhichtheydisapprove.问题1选项A.onthegroundB.onthegroundsC.forthegroundD.forthegrounds12.单选题Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.问题1选项A.privateB.slackC.opaqueD.redundant13.单选题Manypeoplewhoareotherwisecommittedtolow-carbonlife-styleswill（）fromparticipatinginanactionthatmightinvolvesignificantlevelsofpoliceharassmentorevenviolence.问题1选项A.takeoffB.betakenoffC.putoffD.beputoff14.单选题Therealityisthatonlybypreventingman-madedebrisfromgettingintotheoceaninthefirstplace（）ameasureablereduction（）accomplished.问题1选项A.X…XB.will…beC.that…willbeD.will…X15.单选题Irememberedthattherealworldwaswide,andthatavariedfieldofhopesandfears,of（）,awaitedthosewhohadthecouragetogoforthintoitsexpanse,toseekrealknowledgeoflifeamidstitsperils.问题1选项A.sensesandexcitementsB.sentimentandexcitementC.sensibilityandexcitementD.sensationsandexcitements16.单选题Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.问题1选项A.outofquestionB.outofthequestionC.beyondallquestionD.pastquestion17.单选题Comte'sphilosophicalsuccessor,whocarriedonbothhisphenomenalistandpresentationalistphilosophyintothesocialarenaofpoliticsandethics,wasJohnStuartMill.ButfirstwemustturntoanevengreaterinfluenceonMill'sviews,oneoftheleadingradicalreformersofthenineteenthcentury,JeremyBentham.BorninLondon,thesonofaleadingattorney,BenthamwasachildprodigywhobeganstudyinghistoryandLatinattheageofthree.AttwelveheenteredQueen'sCollegeinOxfordandearnedhisB.A.inthreeyearsandhisM.A.twoyearslaterattheageofseventeen.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobecomeapracticinglawyer,butBenthamwasfarmoreinterestedinthephilosophicalfoundationsofethics,morality,andlegaltheory.HetraveledwidelythroughoutEuropeandwrotehisfirstessayoneconomicsinRussia.In1792hebecameacitizenofFrance.Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.Hewentontopublishseveralbooksonpoliticalandlegaltheory,butitwashisIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationthatmadehimapowerfulandinfluentialinternationalfigure.InhisPrincipleshelaidthegroundworkforutilitarianism;asdevelopedbyMill(whomweshallconsiderinthenextsection),histheoryisstilltodayoneoftheleadingmoraltheoriesintheworld.Benthamdefineshisprincipleofutilityas"thatpropertyinanyobjectwherebyittendstoproducepleasure,goodorhappiness,ortopreventthehappeningofmischief,pain,evilorunhappinesstothepartywhoseinterestisconsidered".AccordingtoBentham,thisprincipletakesaccountofthetwomainmotivesforallhumanaction—painandpleasure.Governments,social,politicalandlegalinstitutions,aswellasindividualcitizens,shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.Sinceleadersaswellasindividualsarethusmorallyboundtofollowthesameuniversalprincipleandonethatisreadilyaccessibletoeveryone—weallknowwhatpainandpleasureare—therecanbenomanipulation,throughrhetoric,oftheweakbythepowerful.InBentham'ssystemweareeachourownbestjudgeastohowbesttoliveandattainhappiness.Heopenlycalledfortherejectionofallmonarchiesandestablishedchurches,claimingthat"allgovernmentisinitselfonevastevil."Theonlyjustificationforputtingsuchevilintoplacewouldbetopreventsomegreaterevil;governmentsshouldthereforeneverstrayfromtheprincipleofutility—thegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"scalesfellfromeyes"inthethirdparagraph?2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthequotesinthefourthparagraphofBentham'sdefinitionofprincipleofutility?3.HowdidBenthaminfluencetheworldaccordingtothepassage?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?问题1选项A.Hiseyeswerefulloftears.B.Hiseyesbecamesmaller.C.Hewasenlightened.D.Hecouldseeclearly.问题2选项A.Utilitycanberegardedasaqualitywhichislikelytobringhappinessorstoptheoccurrenceofunhappinesstointerestedparties.B.Utilityisakindofpossessionbywhichconcernedpeoplecangethappinessandavoidunhappiness.C.Theprincipleofutilityistheprincipleofthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.D.Theprincipleofutilityisthebeliefthatthevalueofathingoranactionisdeterminedbyitsutility.问题3选项A.Heinfluencedthephilosophersinthewholeworld.B.Hecontributedtooverthrowingallthemonarchiesandchurches.C.Histheoryhaschangedthemoralvalueofthemodemworld.D.Themoralfoundationtomanymoderndemocraciestracesbacktohistheory.问题4选项A.BenthamhadgreatinfluenceonLockeandHume,aswellasonMill.B.BothBenthamandMillwereComte'sphilosophicalsuccessors.C.Bentham'sfatherwasdisappointedthathedidn'tbecomeanattorney.D.BenthamcontributedmorethanMilltothefoundationofutilitarianism.问题5选项A.TheintroductionofJohnStuartMill.B.TheintroductionofComte.C.TheintroductionofHume.D.Theintroductionofutilitarianism.18.单选题OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.问题1选项A.pervertB.perturbC.preventD.profane19.单选题TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.问题1选项A.depriveB.tobedeprivedC.todepriveD.beingdeprived20.单选题Thestrategyhasbeentoabolishnationalprotectionisminthesalesofterminalequipment,to（）onesetoftechnicalstandardsthroughouttheEC,andtoopenpublicpurchasingofequipmenttopan-Europeantender.问题1选项A.layoutB.laydownC.layoffD.layup21.单选题Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen（）didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded（）.问题1选项A.attacked...stoicallyB.attacking...stoicC.attacked...stoicD.attacking...stoically22.单选题（）,eventhoughoneundergoesuntoldmillionsofindividualexperiencesinone’slife,onlyafewlessonsareusuallyeverlearned.问题1选项A.SpontaneouslyB.StupendouslyC.ApparentlyD.Appropriately23.单选题Chinaisfarfromperfectandseeksitsownadvantage,butholdingit（

）ourdomesticproblemsisbeyondanachronistic.问题1选项A.accountforB.accountingtoC.accountedtoD.accountablefor24.单选题Amanwhobecomesconsciousoftheresponsibilityhebearstowardahumanbeingwhoaffectionatelywaitsforhim,won’tbeabletothrowawayhislife.Heknowsthe“（）’’forhisexistence,andwillbeabletobearany“（

）”.问题1选项A.how...whyB.why...howC.when...WhyD.where...how25.单选题TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however（

）intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.问题1选项A.irresponsibleB.irreconcilableC.irreproachableD.irremediable第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】语法题。介词短语位于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以选项A和B可排除。根据句子的主语“miscellaneousactivities”为复数，所以为了保持主谓一致，be动词选用复数形式are，选项D符合题意。2.【答案】这种观点看来，世界文化和后现代文化是一致的，后现代文化包含了世界城市的视觉和感官享受。比如好莱坞电影，麦当娜的CD和澳大利亚葡萄酒。这是建立在左派思想的某些偏见之上的，它认为如果一个人离开了这个国家的边界，就会“沉溺于特权和不负责任的超然状态”。从这个观点来看，世界主义成为全球资本主义潮流，其最明显的效果是加强了社会各个阶层之间的象征界限。这样一种社会主义的概念并不会预测，周游世界的记者们比那些从未离开过自己出生的城市的人更加国际化。原因在于从道德上讲，世界主义与各种消费圈是分离的。与此同时，提升包容不同的思维的能力。但是，世界主义确实能够和各种文化开放的形式联系起来，它与乔纳森•卢瑟福所称的“生活艺术”联系更紧密，而不是躁动性或享乐主义。然而，它通过许多新的主张和议程保留了社会学的参考点，这些主张和议程涉及了文化的流动性、多元文化主义、性别和性行为。精英阶层的混杂性和文化多样性，与体制底层经历的分离化和庸俗化过程有着鲜明的区别。弗里德曼的观点是，在面对民族主义者的文化封闭和暴力时，这种洞见可能不会带来什么帮助。关于文化混杂性争论的杂乱无章的罪恶论，在于指出共同的身份(不只是精英阶层)的形成方式，是通过不可预测的民族和符号的流动而形成的。3.【答案】B【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据题意，空格前一句提到的事情是空格后事情的原因，前后存在因果关系，所以空格中应该填入一个非谓语动词充当结果状语，选用动词的现在分词形式作结果状语，可排除选项A和D。根据固定搭配pavethewayfor“为......铺好道路，为......做好准备”。句意：为与美国几十年关系的缓解做好了准备。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。logically“合乎逻辑”；incautiously“鲁莽地”；methodically“有条理地”；mindlessly“不费心思地”；systematically“有系统地”；carefully“小心地”；synthetically“综合地”；casually“随意地”。句意：当店员有条不紊地为我准备奶昔时，我想知道她已经在那里工作多久了，她不费心思地按一定的步骤制作冰淇淋。选项B符合题意。5.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。racetothebottom“逐底竞争”，句意：她活生生地证明了一个具有最高抱负的电视明星似乎经常可以在逐底竞争中存活下来。选项C符合题意。6.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配onthewrongfeet“处于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D选项。句意：尽管他很正确，但是他似乎犯了大错，使人生处于不利的处境。选项C符合题意。7.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.”，可知作者的观点是畅销书的寿命是短暂的，以至于今天的畅销书几乎一读完就变成了昨天的小说。所以在文章第二段作者用《尤利西斯》和《荒原》两本书的例子和《黑色公牛》做了对比，说明与同时代的畅销书《黑色公牛》一样，它们在1923年并不受欢迎。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第五段，“In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment…tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.”，可知虽然她接受了Viennese恢复治疗，但是并没有效果。选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.”，可知通过这种技术，处理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老过程是可以消除的。选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.”，可知玛丽•奥格登嫁给了一个匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在《黑色公牛》中扮演一个次要角色。选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段第一句，“BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.”，可知《黑色公牛》受欢迎的原因是由于小说与时代的不可分割性。所以原因并没有提及人们相信青春再生的伪科学。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.”，可知玛丽•奥格登嫁给外交官的事情迅速传播蔓延，但是最后真相说明：Ogden/Zattiany通过Steinach医生新发明的X射线技术重新焕发活力。所以rage在这一句的意思应该是迅速传播和蔓延。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.”，可知如果没有1923年的时代和背景框架，《黑色公牛》就会像鱼离开水一样无法存活。选项A符合题意。5.主旨题。纵观全文，作者的对于畅销书的观点为：畅销书因为和当时所处的时代和思潮是相符的，所以会带来小说的短暂畅销。又根据文章最后一段，“Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.”，可知1923年的畅销书就像那个时代的新闻头条一样，所以反应的是那个时代的思想和潮流。可知畅销书只适合于自己的时代符合文意。选项A符合题意。8.【答案】【参考译文】从他的描述中也可以清楚地看出，是谁歪曲了这一威胁：媒体和政客。在这篇文章中，他斥责了两者。他说，政客们为了自己的政治利益而放大威胁，误导公众对恐怖主义产生误解，比起在国内有效打击恐怖主义，他们更愿（仅仅）表现出一副强硬态度。他认为媒体报道有明显的缺陷且很滑稽，并暗示媒体和政客很少错过任何操纵和渲染新闻事件的机会。这两个因素结合在一起大大地夸大了美国的恐怖主义威胁，导致了大众的谈虎色变。对西方的威胁的关注度在某种程度上是可以理解的——媒体和政客们关注并试图减轻的是对自己国家的威胁。9.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析和固定搭配。bedismissiveof“不屑一顾”；bedisincentiveto“阻碍因素”；disturb“打扰”；dissipate“使驱散”。句意：尽管官员们仍然说中国不能承担起国际管理的责任，但是他们也会对这样的想法不屑一顾：中国在制定一套规则中成为利益相关者。选项A符合题意。10.【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。convalesce“渐渐恢复”；recovery“恢复”；senility“衰老，老态龙钟”；relapse“复发，恢复原状”。句意：他很清楚地了解到一个悲伤孤独的老人，非常关心自己的身体健康状况，这种健康状况似乎预示着会迅速进入衰老状态。选项C符合题意。11.【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。ontheground“在地上，在决斗”；onthegrounds“由于......的原因”；for不能和ground搭配，所以排除C和D项。句意：一般来说，个人可以自由地拒绝从一个企业购买商品或者服务，原因是该企业与他们不赞成的政府控制的国家有贸易联系。选项B符合题意。12.【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，萧条的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗长的”。句意：这项交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因为价格信息可能没有公开，可能会造成误导。选项C符合题意。13.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配和语法题。takeoff“离开，起飞”；putoff“脱下”。句意：许多坚持低碳生活的人将拒绝参加那些大量警察干预甚至暴力的行动。所以是主动从这些活动中离开，不参加。选项A符合题意。14.【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据题目，is后是由that引导的表语从句，从句是由only引导的一个倒装句，所以用部分倒装结构，将助动词will提前。句意：事实就是，只有首先阻止人造垃圾排入海洋，将会实现一种可量化的减少。选项B符合题意。15.【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。sensesandexcitements“感觉与兴奋”；sentimentandexcitement“情绪与兴奋”；sensibilityandexcitement“感觉与兴奋”；sensationsandexcitements“感动与兴奋”。根据空格前hopesandfears都是用的复数形式，可知空格中也要用名词复数。句意：我记得真实的世界是广阔的，充满希望和恐惧，充满感动与兴奋，等待着那些有勇气的人走入其中，在生活的冒险中寻求真正的知识。选项D符合题意。16.【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。outofquestion“毫无疑问”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫无疑问”；pastquestion“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的