专题13多样性文化-备战2022高考英语单元话题语法填空阅读理解读后续写专项突破（人教版2019）

专题13多样性文化Part1语法填空（一）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Singapore’straditionofeatingoutinplacescalledhawker(小商贩)centersisnow1．(recognize)bytheUnitedNationsforitscultural2．(important).Ahawkerisaperson3．sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet.HawkersareanimportantpartofSingaporeanculture.Open-aireatingareaswherehawkerssell4．(they)goodsareverypopular.OnWednesday,theUnitedNations’culturalagency,UNESCO,addedthecity’s“hawkerculture,”toitsRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Singapore5．(seek)tohavehawkercultureaddedtothelistabouttwoyearsago.Nowthatithasbeenrecognized,Singaporemustprovide6．reporteverysixyearstoUNESCO.Thereportmustshoweffortsthecity-statehasmade7．(save)andsupportitshawkerculture.“Thesecentersserve8．‘communitydiningrooms’wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsgatherandsharetheexperienceofdiningoverbreakfast,lunchanddinner,”UNESCOsaid.However,Singapore’shawkerculturedoesfacedifficulties.TheaverageageofahawkerinSingaporeis60yearsold.YoungerSingaporeansnowwanttoworkinoffices.Theyareless9．(interest)inworkinginsmallrestaurants.TheCOVID-19healthcrisisalsohurtsales,preventingforeignvisitorsfrom10．(eat)out.Duringthefirstfewmonthsof2020,restrictionsonmovementandsocialdistancingalsostoppedlocals.（二）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。Six“sacrificialpits”(祭祀坑),11．(date)backto3,200to4,000years,werediscoveredintheSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,Sichuanprovince,onMarch17,2021.Thebiggestpitamongthesix12．(be)19squaremeters,andthesmallestis3.5squaremeters.Someunearthedartifactsreflectpreviousfindingsin1986likebronzemasksandjades,butshapesofsomelarge-sizebronzeobjectshaveneverbeenseen.TheSanxingduiRuinssite,13．(consider)asoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,coversanareaof12squarekilometers14．itscorezoneofanancientcitycovering3.6squarekilometers.Itwasfirstfoundin1929.However,large-scaleexcavation(挖掘)onthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits,widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies,15．(discover)accidentally.Thenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986,16．thesimilarshapesandfindingsintheeightpits17．(basic)makesuretheirfunctionshouldbesacrificialpits.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesoftheSanxingduiRuinssitewillbecomean18．(importance)projectinaprogramArchaeologyChina,19．triestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverse20．(culture)communicateandcometogether.（三）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sincetheverybeginningofhumanrace,diversecivilizations21．(feature)differentlayersanddistinctivenesshavebeenformedonthe22．(base)ofvillages,regions,clans,religiouscommunities,andsoforth.Ontheonehand,eachcultureis23．systemthatfitsintoitsenvironment,acrystalofpeople’sexperiencesinlifeforthousandsofyears,andahumanheritageof24．(history)andartisticvalues.Therefore,ithasalwaysmaintaineditsuniqueformofcivilization.Ontheotherhand,variousformsofcommunicationsandexchanges25．(perform)betweendifferentcivilizationsthroughdailyassociationandeconomicactivities26．someties.Andwiththe27．(form)ofaworldcapitalistmarket,thelocalandnationalself-sufficiencyanddoor-closedpolicyhavebeenreplacedwiththeintercoursesandmutualdependenceinallaspectsbetweeneachnation.Thespiritualproductsofeachnationhavesomecommonwealth,whichmakesnationalunilateralismandlimitedness28．(increase)impossible.Asthedevelopmentofworldhistoryshows,itistheoppositionand29．(unite)aswellasintegrationandexchangesbetweendifferentcivilizations30．haveenabledthedevelopmentofcivilizationsandtheprogressofsociety.Part2阅读理解（一）Severalyearsago,JeremyClarkson,presenterofthefamousBBCtelevisionprogramme“TopGear”discoveredthatoneofhisguestswashalfGermanandhalfIrish.Immediately,hesaid:“That'squiteastrangecombination.It'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”.Thisjokeplayedonstereotypes(刻板印象)oftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.Manypeoplecouldunderstandablybeoffendedbythesekindsofassertions(断言).WedonotknoweveryIrishperson,sohowcanwethenconcludethateveryIrishpersonislazy?IrecentlyreadonawebsitethatIrishbusinesspeopleweredescribedasbeing'generallyrathercasual'andmoreoutwardlyfriendlythanmanyEuropeancounties'.Germanbusinesspeople,ontheotherhand,areconsideredtobeverydirectandaccordingtothewebsite,theydonotneedapersonalrelationshipinordertodobusiness.Onceyouhearadvicelikethis,itbecomeseasiertounderstandwherejokesliketheoneinthefirstparagraphcomefrom.SowhydosomepeopledisapproveofthekindofstereotypesasseeninClarkson'sjoke,butnotbaringaneyelid(眨眼)whenitcomestogeneralizations.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwo?Bydefinition,astereotypeisawidelyheldbutfixedandoversimplifiedimageorideaofaparticulartypeofpersonorthing.Aculturalcharacteristic,ontheotherhand,isapatternofbehaviourthatistypicalofacertaingroup.Sowhatdoesthisreallymean?Stereotypearesimplyoverstatedassumptionsaboutgroupsofpeople.ImagineifatouristvisitedasmalltowninSwitzerlandandsawanumberoflocalsplayingthealphorninstrument,andthenclaimedthatSwisspeoplecanplaythealphorn.Thiswouldbeastereotype!ThisisanoverstatedimageoftheSwisswhichisbasedononetourist'sexperience.Ifhowever,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.ThisisbecauseitisapatternofbehaviourwhichisverytypicalinSwitzerland:fromtheirtransportsystemtotheirbusinessmeetingsinthisway,somepeoplearguethatgeneralizinganothercultureisnotjustuseful.butimportant.Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffence(冒犯)inthosecultures.However,othersarguethatgeneralizingcultureswillalwaysleadtooffensivestereotypes.Theyarguethatthebestthingwecandoistostopgeneralizingculturesandstarttreatingpeopleasindividuals.Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?31．Whenhesaid,“it'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”，JeremyClarksonreallymeant________.A．thestereotypesoftheGermansandtheIrisharenotsogoodB．thecombinationofhalfGermanandhalfIrishisinterestingC．thecharacteristicsoftheGermansandtheIrishareoppositeD．theGermanswilldoitperfectlytomorrowwhiletheIrishwon't32．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．It'stypicaloftheSwisstobepunctual.B．TheSwisscanplaythealphornquitewell.C．TheIrishpeopleareconsideredaslazy,directandcasual.D．TheGermansarethoughttobeefficient,friendlyanddirect.33．Politiciansthinkitimportanttogeneralizeanotherculturebecause________.A．theydon'twanttooffendotherpeopleB．generalizingwillleadtooffensivestereotypesC．culturalcharacteristicsarebetterthanstereotypesD．theythinkdifferentculturalcharacteristicsareuseful34．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．illustratetheimportanceofmakinggeneralizationsB．showitiswrongtoplayjokesonstereotypesofdifferentpeopleC．tellusthedifferencesbetweenstereotypesandculturalcharacteristicsD．discusswhetheritisgoodtomakegeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeople（二）WeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.Whatislesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworld’smostpopulouscountry.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefar,butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedintheenthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof“conspicuousconsumption”.Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可自由支配的）incomeandyoucanatleastincertainrespectsenjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasuresapairofshoes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.Thecollectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO,theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutsidersastheWest’sculturedoes.Socialmediareinforce（强化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsarecrowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,groupbuying,andotherpromotions.SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.Theconsumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct.Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalsorespectthesesocio-culturalaspects.35．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Chinesearegrowingwealthier.B．China’sfast-growingmarketeconomy.C．Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.D．Chineseconsumers’preferenceforqualityratherthanquantity.36．WhatdoesParagraph2focuson?A．Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.B．Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.C．ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.D．Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.37．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“conspicuousconsumption”inParagraph3mean?A．Theabilitytocoverone’srealneedindailylife.B．Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.C．Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.D．Buyingplentyofgoodsanddeliveringthemtoothers.38．WhydoestheauthorsuspectFOMOisstrongerinChina?A．Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.B．Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.C．Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers.D．Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.（三）Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose—tomakeacall?Telephonecultureisdisappearing.Whatbroughtustothismoment,andwhatareitseffects?“Noonepicksupthephoneanymore,”wroteAlexC．MadrigalonTheAtlantic.“Thereflex(习惯性动作)ofanswering—20th-centurytelephonicculture—isgone.”Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactiongifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.Textingislightandfun,notnearlyasdemandingofyourattentionasaphonecall.Itcanalsobedonewithmultiplepeopleatthesametime.Socialmedia,emailandvideocallshavealsoeatenawayattraditionalphonecalls.Inrecentyears,anotherreasonhascausedpeopletoignorephonecallscompletely:robocalls.Robocallsareautomate(自动化的)messagesfromorganizationsverifying(核实)yourphonenumberortelemarketerstryingtosellsomething.Americansreceived22.8billionrobocallshalfwaythrough2020,equalinganannualrateof45.6billion,slightlybelow2018numbers,accordingtoYouMail,arobocallprotectionserviceandblockingapp.Astelephoneculturedisappears,whatisthelossofasingularfamilyphonedoingtothefamilyunit?Earlylandlinephonesunifiedfamilymembers,whereasmobilephonesisolate(隔离)them.“Thesharedfamilyphoneservedasananchor(精神支柱)forhome,”saidLukeFernandez,aWeberStateUniversitycomputer-scienceprofessorandco-authorofBored,Lonely,Angry,Stupid:FeelingsAboutTechnology,FromtheTelegraphtoTwitter.“Withsmartphones,wehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasbeenreduced,ashasitsabilitytoguideandmonitorfamilybehaviorandperhapsconnectfamiliesmoreclosely,”Fernandezsaid.Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaystounite.39．Whathascausedthetraditionaltelephonetoloseitsappealaccordingtothetext?A．People’swiderangeofcommunicationchoices.B．People’sgrowingneedforprivacyC．People’saddictiontosocialmediaD．People’spreferenceforrobocalls40．WhatcanweinferfromFernandez’sremark?A．Thevalueofhomedependsonhowphonesareused.B．Theuseofmobilephonehasaffectedfamilyconnections.C．Smartphonesmakefamiliescloser.D．Smartphoneshelppeoplemonitorfamilybehavior.41．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．TherelationbetweenphoneuseandfamilyconnectionsB．Thedevelopmentofcommunicationtools.C．ThepastandfutureoftelephoneD．Thedownfalloftraditionaltelephoneculture.Part3读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。CanezeandherparentsmovedtotheUnitedSateswhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldandtheyhaven'tvisitedtheirmotherlandfortenyears.Lastmonth,Caneze'sgrandfathercametoseethem,andthefamilythrewabigparty.ButCanezedidn'tspendmuchtimewithhimthatday.Hedidn'tspeakEnglish,sohowcouldshehaveanysortofconversationwithhim?Canezespentmostofthatdayinthestudyroom,textingherbestfriend,Maya,andwatchinghercousinsplayvideogames.Therewasahugeartcompetitioncomingupatschool,andCanezeandMayawereplanningtocompete.“Iwishyou'dspenttimewithyourgrandfatherinsteadofyourphone,Caneze,”Momsaidonedayonthewayhome.“ButIdon'tevenknowhim,”Canezesaid,“andhedoesn'tspeakanyEnglish.HowcouldItalktohim?”“Andyoudon'tspeakanyUkrainian(乌克兰语),Caneze,buthe'dlovetogettoknowyou.Ithinkyoumayfindthatyoutwohavealotincommon.”Twoweekslater,CanezecamehomefromschoolintheafternoontofindhergrandfathersittingatthekitchentablechattingwithMomhappily.Onthetablesatsomebooks.TheoldmansmiledwarmlyatCaneze,andshesmiledbackasshesatdownatthetable.AsGrandpaandMomspokeinUkrainian,Canezelethermindwander.Astheartcompetitionwasaroundthecorner,Mayaandshehadtobequickfortheirproject.Suddenly,anideaforapicturecametoher,soshefetchedhersketchbook.Sittingatthetable,shesketchedwhiletheadultstalked.ThenCanezeheardMomsay,“Ihavetorunoutforafewminutes.YoucanstayherewithGrandpa.”Canezesuddenlyfeltunsureandshy,whatwouldthetwoofthemtalkabout?“Thisisgoingtobeawkward,”shethoughtashermindwasracingforanideaforthisembarrassedmoment.ShegaveGrandpaapolitesmileandthenreturnedtothelinesandshapesshehaddrawnonthepage.Paragraph1:SuddenlyshesensedGrandpawaswatchingher.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:“Thisisbeautiful-Ididn'tknowyouwereanartist,”Canezesaid._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案Part1语法填空（一）1．recognized2．importance3．who/that4．their5．sought6．a7．tosave8．as9．interested10．eating【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在新加坡，在小贩中心就餐是一项传统，现在因其文化重要性被联合国认可。在得到认可后，新加坡每六年向联合国教科文组织提交一份报告，显示其为保护和支持其小贩文化所做的努力。然而，新加坡的小贩文化确实面临困难。一方面由于年轻人对在餐馆工作不感兴趣，另一方面，新冠疫情阻止了人们外出就餐。1．考查被动语态。句意：新加坡在被称为小贩中心的地方吃饭的传统现在因其文化重要性而被联合国认可。分析可知，所填动词应是与空前“is”构成被动语态结构作为句子谓语，所填动词应是过去分词形式。“berecognizedby…”，意为“被……承认；被……认可”。故填recognized。2．考查名词。句意：新加坡在被称为小贩中心的地方吃饭的传统现在因其文化重要性而被联合国认可。分析可知，空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，“important”，形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词形式为“importance(重要性)”，抽象概念不可数。故填importance。3．考查定语从句引导词。句意：小贩是指在街上叫卖食物或商品并通过向行人吆喝来宣传的商贩。分析可知，“____3____sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet”为修饰之前名词“aperson”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。4．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：小贩出售商品的露天用餐区非常受欢迎。分析可知，空后“goods”为名词，意为“商品；货物”，因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作其定语。故填their。5．考查动词时态。句意：大约两年前，新加坡曾争取将小贩文化加入该名单。分析可知，所填动词应是句子谓语动词，结合后文时间状语“abouttwoyearsago”可知应是一般过去时。故填sought。6．考查不定冠词。句意：因为新加坡现在已经得到承认，所以必须每六年向联合国教科文组织提交一份报告。分析可知，空后“report”意为“报告”，可数名词，此处泛指一份报告，应用不定冠词作其限定词，又report是辅音音素开头。故填a。7．考查动词不定式。句意：这份报告必须显示新加坡为保护和支持其小贩文化所做的努力。分析可知，先行词为“efforts”，在其定语从句“thecity-statehasmade____7____(save)andsupportitshawkerculture”中已有谓语“hasmade”，所填动词应是动词不定式作目的状语。故填tosave。8．考查介词和固定短语。句意：“这些中心作为‘社区餐厅’，来自不同背景的人们聚集在一起，分享早餐、午餐和晚餐的用餐体验，”联合国教科文组织说。serveassth，为固定短语，意为“充当……；起……的作用”。故填as。9．考查形容词。句意：他们对在小餐馆工作不太感兴趣。分析可知，空前“are”为系动词，所填空应是形容词。“interest”，动词，“使感兴趣”，其形容词形式为“interesting(有趣的)”和“interested(感兴趣的)”，结合主语“They”指代人可知，应是“-ed”结尾的形容词。故填interested。10．考查动名词。句意：新冠肺炎的健康危机也损害了销售，阻止了外国游客外出就餐。“preventsb.fromdoing”，固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中doing为动名词作宾语。故填eating。（二）11．dating12．is13．considered14．with/including15．werediscovered16．and17．basically18．important19．which20．cultures【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对三星堆遗址的构成、重要性和对三星堆遗址的研究进行了介绍。11．考查现在分词。句意：2021年3月17日，四川广汉三星堆遗址发现了6个“祭祀坑”，其历史可以追溯到3200年到4000年之间。动词date意为“始于（某一历史时期）”，和主语Six“sacrificialpits”构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填dating。12．考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：6个坑中最大的19平方米，最小的3.5平方米。主语“Thebiggestpit”为第三人称单数，根据“thesmallestis3.5squaremeters”可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。13．考查过去分词。句意：三星堆遗址被认为是长江上游最重要的考古遗址之一，占地面积12平方公里，其核心区是一个占地3.6平方公里的古城。动词consider意为“认为”，和主语“TheSanxingduiRuinssite”构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填considered。14．考查介词。句意：三星堆遗址被认为是长江上游最重要的考古遗址之一，占地面积12平方公里，其核心区是一个占地3.6平方公里的古城。此处是指三星堆遗址有或包含一个占地3.6平方公里的古城，可用介词with表示“有”，或用介词including表示“包括”。故填with/including。15．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：然而，对该遗址的大规模挖掘直到1986年才开始，当时偶然发现了两个被广泛认为是祭祀仪式的坑。根据“large-scaleexcavation(挖掘)onthesiteonlybeganin1986”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词discover意为“发现”，和主语twopits构成被动关系，主语twopits为复数。故填werediscovered。16．考查连词。句意：这些新发现将有助于更好地理解1986年许多无法解释的发现，8个坑的相似形状和发现基本上确定了它们的功能应该是祭祀坑。前文“Thenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986”和后文“thesimilarshapesandfindingsintheeightpits...makesuretheirfunctionshouldbesacrificialpits”构成并列关系，所以应用连词and。故填and。17．考查副词。句意：这些新发现将有助于更好地理解1986年许多无法解释的发现，8个坑的相似形状和发现基本上确定了它们的功能应该是祭祀坑。修饰动词make应用副词。故填basically。18．考查形容词。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。修饰名词project应用形容词。故填important。19．考查定语从句。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为project，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。20．考查名词复数。句意：据国家文物局表示，对三星堆遗址的研究将成为中国考古项目的一个重要项目，该项目将试图解释中国文明的起源以及多种文化是如何交流和融合的。名词culture意为“多种文化”，为可数名词，在diverse后应用复数形式。故填cultures。（三）21．havefeatured22．basis23．a24．historical25．havebeenperformed26．through27．formation28．increasingly29．unity30．that【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的特征，但同时也在不断的交流，正是这种对立与统一才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。21．考查动词时态。句意：从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的层次，在村庄、地区、宗族、宗教团体等基础上形成了鲜明的特征。分析句子结构可知，动词feature在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语Sincetheverybeginningofhumanrace可知，这里指从人类诞生开始，文明就“已经呈现”不同层次，所以用现在完成时，and连接的并列句子中的谓语havebeenformed也给出了提示。故填havefeatured。22．考查名词。句意：从人类诞生之初，不同文明就呈现出不同的层次，在村庄、地区、宗族、宗教团体等基础上形成了鲜明的特征。由空格前的“onthe”可以判断本空填名词形式。base的名词形式是basis，“onthebasisof在……基础上”。故填basis。23．考查冠词。句意：一方面，每一种文化都是与环境相适应的系统，是人们几千年生活经验的结晶，是人类历史和艺术价值的遗产。system是可数名词单数，不能单独用来做表语，前面需要有限定词，根据语境，每一种文化都是“一个”系统，表示泛指，故填a。24．考查形容词。一方面，每一种文化都是与环境相适应的系统，是人们几千年生活经验的结晶，是人类历史和艺术价值的遗产。and是并列连词，连接空格和artistic，修饰名词values，所以判断空格处填形容词。故填historical。25．考查动词。句意:另一方面，不同文明之间，各种形式的交流通过日常交往和经济活动被表现。“perform表演；做；执行”。根据语境，动作已经完成且用被动语态，同时，and连接并列句，句子谓语havebeenreplaced也给出提示，所以使用完成时的被动时，主语是forms。故填havebeenperformed。26．考查介词。句意:另一方面，各种形式的交流通过日常交往和经济活动被表现。本空没有提示，后面接并列的名词，所以考虑填介词。根据语境，这种交流是“通过”日常交往和经济活动进行。故填through。27．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界资本主义市场的形成，国家和地方的自给自足和闭关自守的政策已被各民族之间各方面的交流和相互依赖所取代。由前面的冠词the和后面接of可知，空格处应该填名词。form作“形成”意思时，名词形式是“formation”。故填formation。28．考查副词动词。句意：每个民族的精神产品都有一些共同的财富，这使得民族的单边主义和有限性日益成为可能。possible是形容词，根据句子结构，空格修饰possible，所以应该填副词。故填increasingly。29．考查名词。句意：世界历史的发展表明，正是这种对立与统一以及不同文明之间的融合与交流才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个名词，所以空格处应填名词。unite的名词是unity。故填unity。30．考查强调句。句意：世界历史的发展表明，正是这种对立与统一以及不同文明之间的融合与交流才促成了文明的发展和社会的进步。本句是强调句，被强调部分是“theoppositionand9（unite）aswellasintegrationandexchangesbetweendifferentcivilizations”，所以空格处填that。【点睛】语法填空题是在理解语篇的基础上完成语法题，所以解题时不可脱离语篇。要通读全文，把握大意。此时，可将有提示词的题作为突破点，这样就可以了解语篇的内容及要点。然后，结合语境，试填其它空格。最后，再通读全文，检查并确定答案。Part2阅读理解（一）31．C32．A33．A34．D【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，社会应予以保护。31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Immediately,hesaid:“That'squiteastrangecombination.It'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”.(他马上说：“这是一个相当奇怪的组合。这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天”)”和第二段“Thisjokeplayedonstereotypes(刻板印象)oftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.(这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。32．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Ifhowever,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以看作是一种文化特征)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征。故选A。33．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffence(冒犯)inthosecultures.(政治家们必须时刻注意不同国家的文化特征。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免在这些文化中造成冒犯)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。34．推理判断题。根据文章尤其是最后三段内容，特别是最后一段“Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?(所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。（二）35．C36．B37．C38．D【分析】本文是议论文，主要讲述了中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。35．主旨大意题。第一段提出“therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.”一些社会和文化因素在推动消费者消费。第二段提出“Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.”消费和自由相关。第三段说“Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.”消费主义是成功的象征。第四段说“Thecollectiveexperienceisfocused.”消费是集体经验的体现。最后一段说“SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.”在中国成功的品牌能够处理以上大部分或全部的考虑。可知文章主要讲述了，在中国，哪几个社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出，即中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。故选C项。36．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously”消费是一种自我的表达。它让你可以通过它的产品来探索世界，体验生活方式的选择，而且是安全和匿名的。可知，第二段强调消费与自由的关系，消费是自我的表现，通过消费，人们能够得到自由，所以本段主要讲消费可以是自由的反映，故选B项。37．词义猜测题。根据划线部分后文“Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可自由支配的）incomeandyoucanatleastincertainrespectsenjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasuresapairofshoes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.”当消费不再仅仅由需求驱动时，它就变成了一种声明，表明你有可支配收入，你可以—至少在某些方面—按自己的方式享受生活。一双鞋、一部智能手机、一件设计师设计的服装，这些简单的快乐成为了个人身份的证明。可知，消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时，消费就成了一种成功的象征，因此conspicuousconsumption指的是购买昂贵物品以获得个人身份，故选C项。38．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO,theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutsidersastheWest’sculturedoes.”我们喜欢参加集体活动。“错失恐惧症”指的是害怕错过，它超越了文化层面。但我怀疑这种趋势在中国比在西方更强烈，因为儒家文化不像西方文化那样赞美外来者。可知FOMO这种趋势在中国很强烈，是因为儒家文化不太可能欣赏外来者，故选D项。（三）39．A40．B41．D【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了传统电话文化消失的原因和这一现象带来的影响。39．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereflex(习惯性动作)ofanswering—20th-centurytelephonicculture—isgone.(接电话的习惯性动作——21世界电话文化——消失了