2022年河南省南阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022年河南省南阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Thesolarspectrumincludesvisiblelight,infraredlight,X-rays,and______.

2.

Therearemoregrindsinmilitarycollegesthaninothercolleges.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Itisnecessaryforanewcomerto______ofthecitysincesomelocalpeoplealsousemapsasaguide.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onehealthbenefitsofwalkingisthat______.

A.yourbonedensitywillbedecreased

B.youwillloseweightinaneasyandquickway

C.youwillenjoybetterheartcondition

D.youwillhavestrongerupperbodymuscles

5.BoeingandWhirlpool,meanwhile,areworkingtomeetemissionsreductiontargetseventhough______.

6.

ThelayerthatservestoshieldEarthfromtheSun'sharmfulultravioletraysiscalled______.

7.

Countlessstatisticsandsurveyshaveprovedthatsometimestheself-esteemmovement______.

A.helpsthepeoplesuccessful

B.encouragesthepeople

C.frustratesthepeople

D.haschangednothing

8.

Whyisthedebateongeneticallymodifiedfoodsmoreheatedindevelopingcountries?

A.Becausetheyhavearichrangeoffoods.

B.Becausethesupplyoutstripstheneed.

C.Becausetheyhavetofeedfast-growingpopulations.

D.Becausetherisksoutweighthebenefits.

9.

Alowsodiumintakeisbeneficialto______.

10.

Ifourteethbleedswhilebrushing,weshould______.

11.

Fourrecenteventsshouldbetweenthemtriggertherequiredoverthrowofthemindset.ThefirstcomponentsandsecondcomponentshavebeenmanufacturedfortheInternationalSpaceStation.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.The2-year-longstudyispresentedinthepassagemainlytoshowthatstressmanagementprograms______.

A.costlittle

B.costmuch

C.benefittheemployers

D.benefittheemployees

13.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Don'tDestroytheEssentialCatalystofRisk

Sincethespring,andmostacutelythisautumn,aglobalcontagion(传染)offearandpanichaschokedoffthearteriesoffinance,compoundingabroaderdeteriorationintheglobaleconomy.

Financialinstitutionshaveanobligationtothebroaderfinancialsystem.Wedependonahealthy,well-functioningsystembutwefailedtoraiseenoughquestionsaboutwhethersomeofthetrendsandpracticesthathadbecomecommonplacereallyservedthepublic'slong-terminterests.

Sevenimportantlessons

Aspolicymakersandregulatorsbegintoconsidertheregulatoryactionstobetakentoaddressthefallings,Ibelieveitisusefultoreflectonsomeofthelessonsfromtiffscrisis.

Thefirstisthatriskmanagementshouldnotbeentirelypredicatedonhistoricaldata.Inthepastseveralmonths,wehaveheardthephrase"multiplestandarddeviationevents"morethanafewtimes.Ifeventsthatwerecalculatedtooccuroncein20yearsinfactoccurredmuchmoreregularly,itdoesnottakeamathematiciantofigureoutthatriskmanagementassumptionsdidnotreflectthedistributionoftheactualoutcomes.Ourindustrymustdomoretoenhanceandimprovescenarioanalysisandstresstesting.

Second,toomanyfinancialinstitutionsandinvestorssimplyoutsourcedtheirriskmanagement.Ratherthanundertaketheirownanalysis,theyreliedontheratingagenciestodotheessentialworkofriskanalysisforthem.Thiswastrueattheinception(初期)andovertheperiodoftheinvestment,duringwhichtimetheydidnotconsiderotherindicatorsoffinancialdeterioration.

Thisover-dependenceoncreditratingscoincidedwiththedilutionofthedesiredtripleA-rating.InJanuary2008,therewere12tripleA-ratedcompaniesintheworld.Atthesametime,therewere64,000structuredfinanceinstruments,suchascollateralizeddebtobligations,ratedtripleA.Itiseasyandappropriatetoblametheratingagenciesforlapsesintheircreditjudgments.Buttheblamefortheresultisnottheirs'alone.Everyfinancialinstitutionthatparticipatedintheprocesshastoacceptitsshareoftheresponsibility.

Third,sizematters.Forexample,whetheryouowned$5billionor$50billionof(supposedly)low-risksuperseniordebtinaCDO,thelikelihoodoflosseswas,proportionally,thesame.Buttheconsequencesofamiscalculationwereobviouslymuchbiggerifyouhada$50billionexposure.

Fourth,manyriskmodelsincorrectlyassumedthatpositionscouldbefullyhedged.AfterthecollapseofLong-TermCapitalManagementmidthecrisisinemergingmarketsin1998,newproductssuchasvariousbasketindicesandcreditdefaultswapswerecreatedtohelpoffsetanumberofrisks.However,wedidnot,asanindustry,considercarefullyenoughthepossibilitythatliquiditywoulddryup,makingitdifficulttoapplyeffectivehedges.

Fifth,riskmodelsfailedtocapturetheriskinherentinoff-balancesheetactivities,suchasstructuredinvestmentvehicles.Itseemsclearnowthatmanagersofcompanieswithlargeoff-balancesheetexposuredidnotappreciatethefullmagnitudeoftheeconomicriskstheywereexposedto;equallyworrying,theircounterpartieswereunawareofthefullextentofthesevehiclesand,therefore,couldnotaccuratelyassesstheriskofdoingbusiness.

Sixth,complexitygo

A.Commercialbanks.

B.Financialinstitutions.

C.Theministryoffinance.

D.TheWallStreet.

14.

Now,forhumanbeings,eighty,ninetyarecomingtoberecognizedas

15.

InJapaneseorganizationscoordinationandintegrationarevaluedmuch.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Ifyouhaveanyconcernaboutanewdrugoritssideeffects,youcanaskyourdoctororpharmacistquestions,orcallthedrugcompanyfor______.

17.

Intheir20sand30s,menshouldconsidergettinginvolvedinvarioussportsforbodyflexibility.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.Marriage

Marriageistraditionallyconceivedtobealegallyrecognizedrelationship,betweenanadultmaleandfemale,thatcarriescertainrightsandobligations.However,incontemporarysocieties,marriageissometimesinterpretedmoreliberallyandthephrase'livingasmarried'indicatesthatformanypurposesitmakesnosensetoexcludecohabitation.Itshouldbenoted,however,thateventhismoreliberaldefinitionusuallyexcludeshomosexualcouples.Althoughcohabitationisincreasinglyaccepted,andisnowthenormalpreludetomarriage,peoplecontinuetomakeadistinctionbetweenlivingtogetheranda'proper'weddingandmarriage.

Muchrecentsociologicalresearch,bothinBritainandAmerica,hasbeenconcernedwiththegrowingfearsthatmarriageasaninstitutionisindecline.Thesefearsstemfromtworoots,thefirstbeingconcernforincreasingmaritalbreakdownandsubsequentdivorce,andthesecondthefactthatmarriageisgoingoutoffashion,withmorepeoplecohabitingandevenrearingchildrenoutsidematrimony.Certainly,divorceisontheincrease,andifcurrentdivorce-ratesinBritaincontinuethenoneinthreemarriagesislikelytoendindivorce.Inrecentyears,themedianageatfirstmarriagehasincreasedandteenagemarriageshavedeclinedsignificantly,withagrowingproportion,albeitstillasmallminority,nevergettingmarried.Atthesametime,ratesofcohabitationareincreasing,withitnowbeingvirtuallythenormtocohabitbeforemarrying.Moreover,anincreasingnumberofchildrenareconceivedandbornoutsidemarriage.Lookingatthesestatistics,onemightreasonablyconcludethatthefutureofmarriagelooksbleak,butmarriagestillremainsthepreferredwayoflifeforthevastmajorityoftheadultpopulation.Evenamongthosewhosefirstmarriagefails,amajorityaresufficientlyoptimistictomarryasecondtime.

Whydopeoplemarry?InWesternsocieties,theemotionalaspectsofmarriagearestressed,andwhatLawrenceStonecallsaffectiveindividualismprevails.Choiceofamateisinfluencedprimarilybythedesireforarelationshipofferingaffectionandlove—although,asPeterBergerobserves,the"lightningshaftofCupidseemstobeguidedratherstronglywithinverydefinitechannelsofclass,income,education,racialandreligiousbackground".Thetendencyforpeopleofsimilarbackgroundstomarry(maritalhomogamy)isstrong,butthereisnoclearunderstandingofwhyitoccurs,orwhetherthedegreeofrigidityinmateselectiondiffersamongdifferentsocialgroups.Surprisingly,somerecentAmericanresearchsuggeststhatthehighertheclassposition,thelessthehomogamy.

Concernwithmaritalsuccessandmaritaladjustmenthasplayedanincreasinglyprominentpartinrecentresearch.AsDavidMorgansuggests,marriagehasbecome"medicalized",withtherapistsandmarriage-guidancecounsellorsatthereadytotacklemaritalproblemsandenhancemaritalquality.Thisraisesthequestionofhowmaritalsuccessshouldbemeasured.Clearly,stabilityisnotasufficientindicator,assomecouplesstaytogethereventhoughtheyaretotallymiserable,whereasothersdivorce,despitehavingarelationshipthatsomewouldenvy.Avarietyofmaritalqualityinventorieshavebeendevelopedandrecentlyithasbeenrecognizedthatmaritalqualityandmaritalproblemsareinfactindependent.Forexample,conflictandargumentsmaybesignsofcaringandengagementinsomemarriages.

Marriagesclearlyfacedifferentproblemsatdifferenttimesofthelife-cycle,andraisingafamily,especiallyforparentsofyoungerchildren,isassociatedwithhighmaritalstrain.Remarriagesappeartobeatgreaterriskofbreakingupthanfirstmarriage,especiallywhenstep-childrenareinvolved.Thismaybeinpartbecauseremarriageisanincompleteinstitution,inthesensethatsoci

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Abathroomscaleisusuallyusedfor______.

A.planningone'sdiet

B.measuringone'sweight

C.recordingheatvalue

D.regulatethetemperature

20.

ThebookThePlayofPowerstill______thepublicpolicy,althoughnotinseparatechapters.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:MissHanson,thankyouforsendingmethisnote.I'msorrytohearMaryisbeingaproblem.

W:I'mnotsurewhat'shappeningtoMary.She'susuallyanexcellentstudent.Shecompletesallherworkandshe'squietinclass.Then,lastmonth,shejustchanged.

Q:Whatcanyouinferfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Thewomanistheman'sboss.

B.Themanisthewoman'shusband.

C.The'womanistheheadmasterofaschool.

D.Thewomanwantstoknowsomethingaboutastudent.

22.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Thejudgmentthatcigarettesmokingis(36)hazardoustohealthistheresultofmorethan30yearsofresearchcarriedonbyhundredsofscientistsinthiscountryandabroad.The(37)conclusionthatcigarettesmokingisasignificanthealthhazardissupportedbyeverymedicalandhealth(38)agencyintheworldwhichisknowntohave(39)expressedanopiniononthematter.

Whilecigarettesmokerstendtohavehigherdeathratesthannonsmokers,80percentoftheexcessdeaths(40)associatedwiththishabitarecausedbythreemajordiseases.Theytreelungcancer,(41)coronaryheartdisease,andemphysema.Lungcancerwasararedisease50yearsago.Today,itis(42)estimatedthat60,000menandwomenperyearintheUnitedStateswilldieofthisdiseaseAmongmenitisthemost(43)commoncauseofdeathfromcancer.

Cigarettesmokingisthemajorcauseoflungcancer.(44)Althoughchronicirritationfromcertainchemicalsubstances,radiation,viruses,occupationalhazards,airpollution,andotherenvironmentalfactorshavebeenimplicatedinthisdisease,theyareofsmallimportancecomparedwithcigarettesmoking.(45)Tothosewhosmoke,however,theycanbeimportantinincreasingtherisksstillfurther.Approximately90percentofallprimarycancercasesoccurinpeoplewhosmokecigarettes.Laboratorystudieshaveisolatedfromtobaccosmokeanumberofchemicalcompoundsthatcancausecaner.(46)Inaddition,thereareelementsinsmokethatinteractwithothercompoundstopromotecancerproduction.

Thejudgmentthatcigarettesmokingis【B1】______tohealthistheresultofmorethan30yearsofresearchcarriedonbyhundredsofscientistsinthiscountryandabroad.The【B2】______thatcigarettesmokingisasignificanthealthhazardissupportedbyeverymedicalandhealth【B3】______intheworldwhichisknowntohave【B4】______anopiniononthematter.

Whilecigarettesmokerstendtohavehigherdeathratesthannonsmokers,80percentoftheexcessdeaths【B5】______withthishabitarecausedbythree'majordiseases.Theyarelungcancer,【B6】______heartdisease,andemphysema.Lungcancerwasararedisease50yearsago.Today,itis【B7】______that60,000menandwomenperyearintheUnitedStateswilldieofthisdisease.Amongmenitisthemost【B8】______causeofdeathfromcancer.

Cigarettesmokingisthemajorcauseoflungcancer.【B9】___________________,theyareofsmallimportancecomparedwithcigarettesmoking.【B10】______________________.Approximately90percentofallprimarycancercasesoccurinpeoplewhosmokecigarettes.Laboratorystudieshaveisolatedfromtobaccosmokeanumberofchemicalcompoundsthatcancausecaner.【B11】_____________________

【B1】

23.【B3】

24.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Moods,saytheexperts,areemotionsthattendtobecomefixed,influencingone'soutlookforhours,daysorevenweeks.That'sgreatifyourmoodisapleasantone,butitwillbeaproblemifyouaresad,anxious,angryorsimplylonely.

Perhapsoneofthebestwaystodealwithsuchmoodsistotalkthemout:sometimes,though,thereisnoonetolisten.Modernscienceoffersanabundanceofdrugs.Butscientistshavealsodiscoveredtheeffectivenessofseveralnon-drugapproachestomakeyouloosefromanunwantedmood.Thesecanbejustasusefulasdrugs,andhavetheaddedbenefitofbeingnonpoisonous.Sothenexttimeyoufeeloutofsorts,don'theadforthedrugstore—trythefollowingapproach.

Ofallthemood-alteringself-helptechniques,physicalexerciseseemstobethemostefficientcureforabadmood."Ifyoucouldkeepuptheexercise,you'dbeinhighspirits",saysKathrynLance,authorofRunningforHealthandBeauty.Thereisobviouslyalinkbetweenphysicalactivityandmoodchanges.

Researchershaveexplainedbiochemicalandvariousotherchangesthatmakeexercisecomparefavorablytodrugsasamood-raiser.Physicalexertionsuchashousework,however,doeslittle,probablybecauseitisnotintensiveenough,andpeopleusuallydoitunwillingly.Thekeyisphysicalexercise—running,cycling,walking,swimmingorotherrepetitiveandsustainedactivitiesthatboosttheheartrate,increasecirculationandimprovethebody'sutilizationofoxygen.Dothemforatleast20minutesasessionthreetofivetimesaweek.

(27)

A.Itprovestobeineffective.

B.Sometimesthereisnoaudience.

C.Itrevealspeople'sprivacy.

D.Itprovestobepoisonous.

25.

【B8】

26.

【B9】

27.(13)

A.ThewomanhastalkedwithManagerLionceabouttheproposal.

B.ThewomancalledManagerLiat1:30totalkabouttheproposal.

C.ThewomanwillnotknowManagerLi'sdecisionuntil1:30.

D.Thewomandidn'tgetthroughManagerLi'ssecretaryatlunchtime.

28.(17)

A.Thereisnothingwrongwithdiet.

B.Oneshouldcombinedietwithexercise.

C.Exercisedoesmoregoodthandietdoes.

D.Dietdoesnotdoanygoodtopeople.

29.听力原文：M:Couldyougivemeyourofficephonenumberorfaxnumbersothatwecancontacteachothermoreoften?

W:ButI'vebeentryingtofindanewjobinanothercompany.YouseeI'veworkedherefor3yearswithoutaraise.That'sunfairtome.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Sheistiredofherpresentjob.

B.Herphonenumberhaschanged.

C.Shedoesn'thaveafaxmachine.

D.Shemayquitherpresentjobsoon.

30.听力原文：M:Howaboutamovietonight?Thatnewcomedyisopeningintown.

W:Soundsgreat,butI'vegottofinishsketchesonmypsychologyresearchpaper.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(16)

A.Thenewcomedyopeningintowniswellworthwatching.

B.She'dprefertoseeadifferenttypeofmoviethanacomedy.

C.Shewon'tbeabletogotothemoviebecauseofherresearchpaper.

D.Themanshouldhelpfinishtheresearchpaperifshegoestothemoviewithhim.

31.(21)

A.Helosthismealtickets.

B.Thecafeteriafoodwasawful.

C.HemissedhisfavoriteTVprogram.

D.HisTVwasbroken.

32.

【B7】

33.听力原文：Peoplearealwaystalkingabout"theproblemofyouth".Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubt—thenitisolderpeoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeings—peoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone.(33)theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidpastbehindhim;andmaybethatiswheretherub(摩擦)is.

WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain—thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.(34)Foronethinly,beingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.

Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheydon'thaveadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.It'sasiftheywere,msomesense,cosmicbeingsinviolentandlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceited,ill-mannered,presumptuousorfatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectofeldersasifmereagewereareasonforrespect.(35)Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.

(30)

A.Oldpeoplethinkoftheyoungas"aproblem".

B.Oldpeoplecreatethis"problem"ofagedifference.

C.Oldpeoplehaveapast;youngpeoplehaveafuture.

D.Oldpeopleandyoungpeopleforgettheyareallhumanbeings.

34.(18)

A.Hismothertoldhimtobecomeateacher.

B.Hisfathertoldhimtobecomeagoodmanager.

C.Hisfathertoldhimtotrytobeateacherandhislifewillbeassured.

D.Histeachertoldhimtogethisteachingdegree.

35.

【B2】

36.(25)

A.Someonespilledwateronit.

B.Someonelostit.

C.Itwasmadeoflowqualitymetal.

D.Thestandardformeasuringhadchanged.

37.

【B6】

38.听力原文：M:Youreallyseemtoenjoyyourliteratureclass.

W:Isuredo.It'sopenednewworldsforme.I'mexposedtothethoughtsofsomeoftheworld'sbestwriters,I'veneverreadsomuchinmylife!

Q:Whyisthewomansoexcited?

(14)

A.She'sgoingtoearnmoremoney.

B.Sheiswritingabookonliterature.

C.Shehasmetsomeinterestingstudents.

D.Sheisenjoyingreadinggoodbooks.

39.(32)

A.Peopleautomaticallydeserverespectbecausetheyareold.

B.Youngpeopleandoldpeopleareequals.

C.Youshouldarguewithyoungpeopleiftheyarewrong.

D.Youngpeoplehavemanyfaults.

40.(22)

A.Thestudentwillhandinthefinalcopy.

B.Thestudentwillhavetheprofessortolookatherdraft.

C.Thestudentwilldoafieldtrip.

D.Thestudentwilltalktoanotherprofessor.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

ThereasonUnileverplansnottoissuefinancialforecastin2009liesin______.

A.theirreluctancetosharetheirgoalwithothers

B.theirrapidgraspofchangesinthemarkets

C.theunstableeconomicsituation

D.theirreductioninthecostofprediction

42.

AccordingtoMaryMeeker,______.

A.traditionalretailerscan'tcompetewithonlineonesonprice,choiceorservice

B.thebattlebetweentraditionalretailersandonlineretailersisover

C.onlineretailershaveprevailedovertraditionalonesinthemarketofcertainproducts

D.onlineretailershavedestroyedthevalueoftraditionalretailers'properties

43.Nowadays,theathletes'expensesarepaid______.

A.outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

B.outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

C.bytheathletesthemselves

D.bycontributions

44.

Bysayingthat"intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext"(Lines4,Para.1)theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas______.

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedonthefightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

45.

Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldapublicrelationspersonnelprobablydoafteradecisionismadeinindustry?

A.Planandhavesomepromotionalactivities.

B.Givesomesuggestionstothedecision-maker.

C.Setupcommunicationwiththepublic.

D.Organizesomespecialeventslikepressconference.

46.

Whatcanbeinferredaboutopera?

A.Itrequiresformaltraining.

B.Itisoftenenjoyedbythosewithstronganalyticalability.

C.Itisdislikedbyblacks.

D.Itismoredifficulttolearnthanclassicalmusic.

47.

Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay______.

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

48.

JerryMandersuggeststhatlongperiodsofexposuretoartificiallight______.

A.maycausebraindamage

B.couldleadtodeath

C.couldendangerpeople'shealth

D.wouldalterthebraincells

49.

【C6】

50.

Whatdoesthesentence"Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat"(Para.3)imply?

A.Themulti-nationalcorporationsareproudofthepopularityofthegamestheysponsor.

B.Themulti-nationalcorporationsaregladtoseetheworldbecomebetter.

C.Themulti-nationalcorporationscanbenefitalotfromtheglobalizationofthegames.

D.Themulti-nationalcorporationstendtosponsormorelocalandnationalgames.

51.AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalworkmoralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.

Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterparts(同等身份的人)inthe10othercountriessurveyed.

Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscorespersonality,ability,courageorhumanityarecompletelyignored,"saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents".

ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles."InJapan,"sayseducatorYokoMuro,"it'sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjoband'yourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure."Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization,fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,twogenerationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.

IntheWesternerseyes,thepostwarJapanwas______.

A.underaimlessdevelopment

B.apositiveexample

C.arivaltotheUSandEurope

D.developedquickly

52.

【C5】

53.【S3】

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

EversinceALGoreinventedit,theInternethasbee