2017考研英语1答案一文都版

2017考研英语（一）及答案（完整版SectionⅠUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!”1helyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelothecommoncoldafterbeing7tothe.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat’susually14withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.”Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”18itpromotesattaentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology. ［ ［ ［A］inthenameof［B］intheformof［C］inthefaceof［D］inthe［ ［ 2［ ［ 【答案】1—5ACBAD6—10ADCDC11—15DBBCB16—20SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextchoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvance mendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentionLastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhas e—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthattheernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintongsodirectly,byheltofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentioned exinAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritystresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyWhichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorNewrestrictionsoncarry-onThedecliningefficiencyoftheAnincreaseinthenumberofFrequentunexpectedsecretTheword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaning OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogram adramaticreductionofitsitswrongly-directedtheernment’sreluctancetobackanunreasonablepriceforWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheLessScreeningforMorePreCheck–aBelatedGettingStuckinSecurityUnderusedPreCheck【答案】21—25Text“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'snnedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepikothatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofournet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggerescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizetheescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberofescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1 herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleoftheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinherMaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedue itsgeographicalitsprotectiveitsreligiousitsexistingTheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartly itmayriskruiningtheirinlectualitremindsthemofahumiliatingtheirculturewillloseachanceoftheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’s isfulfillingthedreamsofancienthelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrossthemayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianwilleventuallysoftenHawaiians’Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisone severepassiveslightfull【答案】26—30TextRobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedmakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandmajoreconomieshavetodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety, eequalityandenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverySowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducation es–allthingsthatcontributetoa’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butmakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe [A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe[D]makersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoWhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat [A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyonditrequirescautiontohandleeconomicWhichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson.[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth.[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP.[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-【答案】31—35TextInarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiaernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutofromaseekingaccesstoernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtolajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformerernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisMerelyhelagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesThecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativeernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinstheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstoernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoyfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesandonationoraalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-endlawsinernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbyernment-isundermined.Goodernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthe avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’smadenocompromiseinconvictingwascontemptuousofMcDonnell’srefusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sAccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves concretereturnsforgift-sizablegainsintheformofleakingsecretsbreakingcontractsThecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficials allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirqualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticjustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirexemptfromconvictiononthechargeofWell-endlawsinernmenttransparencyareneeded awakentheconscienceofguaranteefairyinofficialallowforcertainkindsofinspirehopesinaverageTheauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’sruling 【答案】36—40PartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoiarWalk”broughttearstoDickens’seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname“Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens’sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becauseanationalfigure.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour’spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheandaskedhimtocorrectaDrawingDickensfelt,wasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.SeymourmadetheChange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew.Thecomic ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.Soonafterhisfather’sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter’seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland’ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishNavyPayofficearespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickens’mothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickens’birth,hismother’sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily’sincreasingpovertydDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren’sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas“theyounggentleman.”Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather’simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens’sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfinedthemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction. Pickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetracesanorphan’sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens’asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanof【答案】41—45PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld`sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol.(47)Hisysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)ManycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant.(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseekstopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.SectionⅢWritingPartAYouaretowriteantoJamesC