小学到初一英语知识点

湘少版小学英语教材英语基础知识总结1．字母：（大小）辨认、书写顺序；元音字母：Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu2.数字：1~999的基数词和序数词的运用，如计算、购物、时间、日期等。句型：①What'syournumber?②What’sthetime?③Howmanypensarethere?④Howoldareyou?⑤Howmuchisit?⑥Howtallareyou?⑦Howheavyareyou？⑧Whattimedoyougetup?⑨When'syourbirthday?⑩Whattimedidyouseehim?3.颜色：单词：red,pink,yellow,brown,blue,purple,orange,black,white,green.句型：①Whatcolourisit?②What’syourfavouritecolour?4.时间：年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻：Season(spring,summer,autumn,winter)Month:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.1Week:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.Day:1stMay(thefirstofMay),May2nd(Maythesecond)句型：见话题2。5.食品与饮料：人对食品与饮料的喜好；东西方食品。句型：①Ilikebiscuits.②I’dlikeacolddrink.③Wouldyoulikesomebuns?④Doyouwantsomerice?⑤Thisisn’tmyfood.6.服装：服装的颜色：人对服装的喜好；某人的穿戴；所属关系；位置等。句型：①IlikethegreenT-shirt.②Where’smynewcap?③Who’sshirtisthis?④Isthisyourhat?7.物品：名词的单、复数；特点、颜色、所属关系；存在的位置（in,on,under,beside,behind,infrontof,above,near,inside,outside）。玩具（toycar,doll,）文具（desk,book,bag,pen,pencil,pencil-box,ruler,pencilsharpener,）句型：2①What’sthis?②Whatcolourisit?③Whoseisthis?④Thisismybrother’spainting.⑤Ihaveapuppet.⑥There'sacarnearthehospital.⑦Wasitinthewardrobe?⑧Isthereabookonthedesk?⑨That'snotmine.8.动物和植物：cat,dog,duck,fish,sheep,bird,panda,monkey,rabbit,hen,cock,chick,tiger,lion,pig,cow,mouse(mice),elephant,ladybird,puppy,tree,flower,rose,9.建筑与场所：factory,hospital,park,house,library,museum,office,farm,postoffice,bank,policestation,railwaystation,bookstore,school,classroom,skatingrink,café,house(bathroom,living-room,sitting-room,bedroom,kitchen)，garden…10.身体：head,hair,eye,nose,ear,mouth,neck,hand,finger,foot(feet),toe…外貌:fat,thin,tall,short,old,young,twobigblueeyes,longhair,shorthair,blackhair.句型：①Thisismynose.②Touchyourhead.③Raiseyourarm.11.个人情况：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好。句型：3①I'mtwelveyearsold.②Myhobbyisreading.③Ilikemusic.④I'minterestedinspace.⑤MynameisPeter.⑥I'mtallandthin.⑦Doyouhaveanyhobbies?12.家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、职业、特点与爱好、与你的关系family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend.句型：①Who'she?He'smyfather.②He'sadoctor③Helikesplayinggames.④Myfatherhelpsme.⑤Isheasoldier?⑥What’she?13.学校：学校建筑和学校生活。school,classroom,library,playground,Chinese,maths,English,music,computer,PE,art,science,句型：①Whendoyougotoschool?②WhattimedoyouhaveEnglish?14.情绪和身体状态：4happy,sad,tired,angry,shy,sorry,well,sick,句型：①I'msick.②I'mhappy.③Wearesorry.④Ifeelsad.15.社交礼仪：礼貌用语；询问与应答。句型：问候①Hello./Hi.②Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.③Howareyou?④Howdoyoudo?⑤Gladtomeetyou./Nicetomeetyou.介绍①Mynameis…②I’mapupil.③I’m12.④Thisisourteacher,MissChen.⑤HeisfromJapan.道别①Goodbye./Bye.②Seeyou.③Goodnight.道谢①Thankyou./Thanks.②You’rewelcome.道歉①Sorry.②I’msorry.③Excuseme.请求①CanIhaveapuppy?②CanIborrowapencil?③Yes,please.④Ofcourse.祝愿①Happybirthday.②MerryChristmas.提供帮助①CanIhelpyou?②WhatcanIdoforyou?③What’sthematter?寻求帮助和建议①WhatcanIdo?用餐①Doyouwantsomesoup?②Wouldyoulikesomerice?③I'dlikeacolddrink.购物①Whichonedoyouwant?②CanIlookatit?③Iwantaredone,please.④It'stooexpensive.⑤Haveyougotenoughmoney?⑥Howmuchisit？16.国家与国庆日：China,Japan,America(theUSA),English(theUK),Australia,Russia,Canada,Singapore,India,France,句型：①When’syourcountry’sNationalDay?5②IcomefromChina.17.天气与气候特征：hot,cold,cool,warm,sun,sunny,rain,heavyrain,rainy,wind,strongwind,windy,snow,heavysnow,cloud,cloudy,…句型：①What'stheweatherlike?②It’sacoldday.③Springiswarmandnice.④Tomorrowwillberainy.⑤Ilikeasunnyday.18.节日：节日的特点；节日的活动。NewYear'sDay,SpringFestival,Children'sDay,Mid-autumnFestival,Teachers'Day,NationalDay,ChristmasDay,DragonBoatFestival.19.正在发生的事情：现在进行的动作和发生的事。句型：①Areyoumakingakite?②Peteriswriting.③What'sAnnedoing?④Whereareyougoing?⑤Whataretheydoing?⑥Isherunning?20.日常生活：日常生活、工作、学习的活动。句型：6①Icometoschoolbybus.②Yourhomeworkisgood.③Whattimedoyougetup?④Shealwaysgetupearly.21.计划与打算：计划和将要进行的动作begoingtodo…句型：①I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)goingtoswim.②Areyougoingtoswim?③Ishe/shegoingtovisitAnne?④Whatareyougoingtodo?⑤Whatishegoingtodo?⑥Whenaretheygoingtoswim?⑦Tomorrowwillberainy.⑧I'llstayathome.22.能力和可能：能做某事或可能进行某事。句型：①CanyoureadandwriteinEnglish?②CanIhaveapuppy?③Whatcanyoudo?④Shecanrunfast.23.过去发生的事情或过去的打算：过去式。句型：7①Wherewereyou?②Whowasfirst?③Wasitinthewardrobe?④Bennytookmyball.⑤Wheredidyougo?⑥Whatdidyoudo?⑦Icamebyplane.⑧Annewantedtoskate.24.对事物的比较：比较级和最高级。句型：①Mysingingislouderthanyours.②I’mtallerthanyou.③TheremoreshopsinPictureOne.④Somestoriesaremoreinterestingthanothers.⑤Themostinterestingstories.⑥Whoisfatter?25.提醒与告示：①Whatdoesthatsignmean?②Drawacatontheroof.③Don'tputyourfeetontheseat.④Nospeaking.⑤Donotgoin.26.擅长和喜欢的事情：①I'm/You're/He'sgoodatdrawing.8②Ilikeplayingbasketball.七年级英语湘教版上册英语知识点总结与测试题【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.Sitdown2.onduty3.inEeon10.atwork11.atschool12.puton13.lookafter14.getup15.goshoppingII.重要句型1.helpsb.dosth.2.Whatabout…?3.Let’sdosth.4.It’stimetodosth.5.It’stimefor…6.What’s…?Itis…/It’s…7.Whereis…?It’s….8.Howoldareyou?I’m….9.Whatclassareyouin?I’min….10.Welcometo….11.What’s…plus…?It’s….12.Ithink…13.Who’sthis?Thisis….14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….915.Thereis(are)….16.Whatcolourisit(arethey)?It’s(They’re)…17.Whose…isthis?It’s….18.Whattimeisit?It’s….III.交际用语1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.10.Who’sondutytoday?11.Let’sdo.12.Letmesee.IV.重要语法1.动词be的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法。【名师讲解】1.in/on在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有只鸟。Thereisapictureonthewall.墙上有张图。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that事，those时that的复数YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.你看看这个个盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要Takethesebookstohisroom,please.请把这些书拿到他房间Thisismine;that’syours.这个Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.这些是苹果，(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是玛丽。你是谁？常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和形式。例如：盒子，我去看那边的那这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。去。是我的，那个是你的。那些是橘子。是对方。例如：3.Therebe/haveTherebe"有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时+表示状语。Therebe后面的名词际实上是主语，be动词的语在数上保持一致，be动词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。存在某人或某物。"其结构是：Therebe+某人或某物地点或时间的形式要和主后面的名词10例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)Thereisadollinthebox.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那树上有许多苹果。总之，Therebe结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch(1)look表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那边那个是什么？/物，单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：图上看到什么？到了什么？、观YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.puton//inputon意为“穿上，in是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。、标语和状语。如：ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午请到我家来。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在：于(1)fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身体很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一台很好的机器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重人于或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：11Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很漂亮。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.见到你很高兴。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她儿子是一个好学生。Theredcarisverygood.那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：I'mverywell,thanks.我身体很好，谢谢。Myfriendssingwell.我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.动词be的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法。6.本单元学过的词汇7.本单元学过的考试形式可是以单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。范例】、短语和句型；日常交际用语。【中考1.(2004年北京市中考试题)Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)_________orangeonthedeskisforyou,Mike.A.AB.AnC./D.The【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所用以定冠词the。3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)---What_______thenumberofthegirlsinyourclass?---Abouttwenty.A.isB.amC.areD.be【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词数第三人称，动词be变为is。4.(2004年陕西省中考试题)be的用法和主谓一致。thenumber作主语，应该是单There_______afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是Therebe…句型和动词have用法区别。Therebe句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。12【满分演练】一.单项填空1.---Whatcolouristhebike?---It’s_______orange.A.anB.aC./D.the2.Thatisn’therbag.It’s________.A.myB.IC.mineD.me3.---Oh,yourkiteisverynice.---__________________.A.That’srightB.No,it’snotniceC.Yes,itisD.Thankyou4.Thewomanissixty,butshe_______young.A.isB.seesC.looksD.watches5.It’stime________lunch.Let’sgohome.A.toB.inC.forD.on6.---________isyourcoat?---Theblackone.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhichD.How7.---________isthetoy?---It’sonthebed.A.WhoB.WhereC.WhatD.Whose8.Theshoesaretooold.Put________overthere.A.itB.theyC.theirD.them9.Excuseme.Canyou_______mywatch,please?A.lookB.looklikeC.lookafterD.lookat10.Look_______theblackboardandlisten_______theteacher.A.//B.at;toC.after;/D.on;after11.---Whosedressisthis?---It’s_________.A.LucyB.Lucy’sC.JimD.Jim’s12.Thegirl______thepurplecoatishissister.A.atB.inC.onD.with13.Thereisabird______thetree.A.inB.onC.toD.of14.Therearemany________inourschool.A.womanteachersC.womenteacherB.womanteacherD.womenteachers15.---Isthereaballunderthedesk?---______________________.A.Yes,itisB.Yes,there’sD.No,thereisC.No,thereisn’t16.There_______somebooksandapencilonthedesk.A.amB.isC.areD.be17.---Letmehelpyou.---_______________.13A.You’rewelcomeC.Don’tworryB.ThanksverymuchD.Yes,thanks18.______oldmanis______Englishteacher.A.The;anB.An;anC.The;theD.A;a19.---What_____fiveplussix?---It’seleven.A.amB.isC.areD./20.---What______youseeinthepicture?---Icanseesomeflowers.A.mustB.canC.areD.do二.完形填空ThisisapictureofKat’s____1____.Whatcanwe____2_____inthepicture?Look____3____it,please.Theman____4____theblackcoatisKate’sfather,Mr.Green.The____5____intheredsweaterisMrs.Green.They____6____young.ThebabyisKate.ThelittleboyisKate’s____7_____,Jim.___8____themanbehindMrs.Green?Oh,he’s____9___brother,Mr.Read.He____10____young,too.1.A.familiesB.familyC.parentsD.brothers2.A.look3.A.atB.doB.afterB.ofC.seeC.forC.inD.putD.upD.to4.A.on5.A.man6.A.are7.A.sisterB.girlB.isC.womenD.womanC.looklikeD.lookingB.brotherC.fatherD.auntD.HowisD.theirD.very8.A.What’sB.Where’sC.Who’s9.A.hisB.herC.our10.A.looksB.amC.look三.在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语(A)(B)1.Howareyou?A.IaminRow6.B.Fine,thankyou.C.Yes,b-o-o-k,book.D.Itisten.2.Canyouspellit,please?3.Howdoyoudo?4.Whatrowareyouin?5.What’stwopluseight?6.Nicetomeetyou.7.Howoldareyou?8.Who’snothere?E.Nicetomeetyou,too.F.Iam14.G.WangPingis.H.It’shere.9.Whereisthebag?10.WhatisthisinEnglish?I.It’sabook.J.Howdoyoudo?四.完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim:Excuseme,Ann.Whoseblackdogisthis?Isityours?Ann:Letmehavealook.________1_______.Ithinkit’sSam’s.Mydogisbrown.Jim:Sam,lookatthedogbehindthetree.________2__________?Sam:Sorry,itisn’tmine.Mydogisblackandwhite.IthinkitlookslikeMary’s.Jim:_____________3______________?14Sam:She’smyfriend.Look!She’soverthere.Let’sgoandaskher.Jim:_______________4_______________.Sam:Hi,Mary!Isthatdogyours?Mary:_______________5_______________.Sam:It’salovelydog!Don’tloseit!Mary:Yes,thankyou.A.Who’sMaryB.OK,let’sgoC.Oh,noit’snotmineD.Oh,yes.It’smineE.Isityours五.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.________(He)penisin______(I)pencil-box.2.________(You)shoes________(be)underthebed.3.________(Who)newruleristhis?4.---Arethesetrousers_______(you)?---No,theyaren’t________(we)5.It’stime________(go)andplaygames.6.Thisismypen.Pleasegiveitto________(I).7.Ihavetwo________(baby).8.Look!Thatisa________(China)car.9.Itis__________(myteacher)sweater.10.Nowher________(parent)areinAmerica.六.阅读理解(A)Bobwasborninabigandrichfamily.Hisfatherisauniversityprofessor.HeteachesAmericanhistory.Hismotherisaverycapablewoman.Sheisthemanagerofabigcompany.Sheearnsalotofmoney,ofcourse.Bobhastwosistersandabrother.Hiseldersister,Jenny,isfourteen.Shestudiesinamiddleschool.Hisyoungersister,Ann,isten.Shestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.Shehasaverygoodmemory.Sheisclever.Hisyoungerbrother,Dick,isonlysix.Hehasjuststartedgoingtoschool.Bobgetsonwellwithhisfamily.Heisongoodtermsnotonlywithhisparents,butalsowithhissistersandbrother.(haveafriendlyrelationshipwithsb.)Heis,inaword,anappleintheireyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.Bobwasborninasmallandrichfamily.2.Hehastwobrothersandasister.3.Therearefivepeopleinhisfamily.4.Dickisonlysix.Hestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.5.“Heisanappleintheireyes”means“Theylovehimverymuch”.(B)Lookattheclotheslineinthetwins'bedroom.Therearesomeclothesonit.Youcanseeagreenblouseandayellowskirt.Thetrousersontheclotheslineareblack.Theyarenotnewbutclean.AretheyLily'sclothes?No.IknowtheyareLucy's.Lily'sclothesareonaclothestreenearthewindow.Hertrousersarebrown,herblouseiswhiteandherskirtisblue.Thereisanewhatonthe15clothestree,butit'snotLily's,it'sLucy's.ThereisanoldhatonLucy'sbedintheroom,it'sLily's.Therearenoclothesontheotherbed,thebedisLily's.1.Whatcanyouseeinthebedroom?Icansee__________.A.aclotheslineB.atreeC.abed2.WhatcolourareLucy'strousers?Theyare________.A.greenB.blackC.brown3.WhereisLucy'shat?It'son