十年高考阅读理解

【十年高考】2005-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：说明文

类

Passage5

（06•广东B卷）

ThesurveyaboutchildhoodintheThirdWorldshowsthatthestrugglefbrsurvival

islongandhard.Butintherichworld,childrencan36fromadifferentkindofpoverty

-ofthespirit.37,oneWesterncountryalonenowsees14,000attemptedsuicides（自

杀）everyyearbychildrenunder15,andonechild38fiveneedspsychiatric（，心

理）advice.

Therearemanygoodthingsabout39intheThirdWorld.Takethecloseand

constantrelationbetweenchildrenandtheirparents,relativesandneighboursforexample.In

theWest,theverynatureofworkputsdistancebetween40andchildren.Butinmost

ThirdWorldvillagesmotherandfatherdonotgomilesawayeachdaytoworkinoffices.

41,thechildseesmotherandfather,relationsandneighboursworking42andoften

sharesinthatwork.

Achild43inthiswaylearnshisorherrolethroughjoininginthe

community's44：helpingtodigorbuild,lookafteranimalsorbabies-ratherthan45

playingwithwaterandsandinkindergarten,keepingpets46playingwithdolls.

Thesechildrenmaygrowupwithalessoppressivesenseofspaceandtimethan

the47children.Theirsenseofdaysandtimehasalottodowiththechangeofseasons

andpositionsofthesunorthemooninthesky.Childrenintherichworld,48,are

providedwithawatchasoneofthe49signsofgrowingup,sothattheycan50

alongwiththeirparentsaboutbeinglateforschooltimes,mealtimes,bedtimes,thetimesof

TVshows,,,

ThirdWorldchildrendonotusually51tostayindoors,stilllessinhighrise

apartments（公寓）.Insteadofdangerousroads,nkeepoffthegrass"signsand"don'tspeakto

strangers11,thereisoftenasenseof52tostudyandplay.Parentscanseetheirchildren

outsideratherthanobservethem53fromtenfloorsup.

54,twelvemillionchildrenunderfivestilldieeveryyearthroughhungerand

disease.ButchildhoodintheThirdWorldisnotall55.

36.A.comeB.learnC.sufferD.survive

37.A.AsusualB.ForinstanceC.InfactD.Inotherwords

38.A.byB.inC.toD.under

39.A.childhoodB.povertyC.spiritD.survival

40.A.adultsB.fathersC.neighboursD.relatives

41.A.AnyhowB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Still

42.A.awayB.aloneC.alongD.nearby

43.A.growingupB.livingthroughC.playingD.working

44.A.activityB.lifeC.studyD.work

45.A.byB.fromC.throughD.with

46.A.andB.butC.orD.so

47.A.EasternB.goodC.poorD.Western

48.A.atanymomentB.atthesametimeC.ontheotherhandD.onthewhole

49.A.easiestB.earliestC.happiestD.quickest

50.A.careB.fearC.hurryD.worry

51.A.dareB.expectC.haveD.require

52.A.controlB.dangerC.disappointmentD.freedom

53.A.anxiouslyB.eagerlyC.impatientlyD.proudly

54.A.AboveallB.IntheendC.OfcourseD.Whafsmore

55.A.badB.goodC.richD.poor

答案36.C37.B38.B39.A40.A41.C42.D43.A44.D45.C46.C47.D

48.C49.B50.A51.C52.D53.A54.C55.A

Passage6

（06•安徽）

HaveyoueverhadtodecidewhethertogoshoppingorstayhomeandwatchTVona

weekend?Nowyou36dobothatthesametime.Homeshoppingtelevisionnetworks（网络）

havebecomea37formanypeopletoshopwithout38havingtoleavetheirhomes.

Someshoppersare39ofdepartmentstoresandsupermarkets-40thecrowds,waiting

inlonglines,andsometimes41offindinganythingtheywanttobuy.They'drathersit

quietlyathomeinfrontoftheTVsetand42afriendlyannouncerdescribeaproduct43

amodelshowsit.Andtheycan44aroundtheclock,buyingsomething45bymakinga

phonecall.

Departmentstoresandevenmail-undercompaniesare46tojoininthesuccessofhome

shopping.Largedepartmentstoresarebusy47theirownTVchannels（频道）toencourageTV

shoppinginthefuture.48canaskquestionsaboutproductsandplace49,allthrough

theirTVsets.

Willshoppingbytelevision50taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?Someindustry

managersthinkso.51manypeoplefindshoppingata52storeagreatenjoyment.Andfor

manyshoppers,itisstillimportantto53ortryondressestheywanttobuy.Thafs54

specialistssaythatinthefuture,homeshoppingwill55togetherwithstoreshoppingbutwill

neverentirelyreplace（取代）it.

36.A.mustB.shouldC.shallD.can

37.A.programmeB.wayC.reasonD.purpose

38.A.everB.neverC.stillD.once

39.A.proudB.fondC.tiredD.careful

40.A.fightingB.strikingC.treatingD.stopping

41.A.senseB.doubtC.hopeD.feeling

42.A.seeB.watchC.letD.notice

43.A.untilB.sinceC.ifD.while

44.A.shopB.waitC.turnD.deliver

45.A.suitablyB.cheaplyC.simplyD.hardly

46.A.nervousB.luckyC.equalD.eager

47.A.puttingupB.makingupC.settingupD.lookingup

48.A.GuestsB.AssistantsC.ManagersD.Customers

49.A.ordersB.goodsC.booksD.answers

50.A.lastlyB.finallyC.especiallyD.fortunately

51.A.ThenB.YetC.HoweverD.Therefore

52.A.generalB.popularC.realD.true

53.A.designB.makeC.wearD.touch

54.A.howB.whyC.whatD.when

55.A.existB.practiseD.followD.appear

答案36.D37.B38.A39.C40.A41.C42.B43.D44.A45.C46.D47.C

48.D49.A50.B51.B52.C53.D54.B55.A

Passage4

（07•安徽）

Itwasthenightofthefullmoon,atimewhichalwaysdrivesJava*syoungpeoplemadwith

excitement.

Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon36.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout37

thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof38

fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys39moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited_

40_fbrtheexplosions.

Themoonappearedabovethehorizon（地平线）：huge,41ballhighabovethecity,and

the42filledwithpeople,asJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear'sgreatest43:*the

NightoftheFullMoon1,afestival（节日）thatisespeciallypopular44youngpeople.

MoreandmoreyoungJavanese45togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe46

Jokingandchatting,theymovedtowardsthemountain47thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb

48theyreachedtheoldtemple（寺庙）atthe49ofthemountain.

Aftertheywere50thetemple,theydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—

delicioushome-madeones,51ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outside,onthemountain,young

people52cross-leggedincircles,chattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And53,in

theirhundreds,moreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto54the

brightlyshiningmoon.

Bymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe55cityinthevalleybelow

them.Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.

36.A.letoutB.gaveoutC.cameoutD.setout

37.A.intoB.atC.ofD.from

38.A.burningB.usedC.explodingD.broken

39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed

40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly

41.A.silverB.newC.colorfulD.gold

42.A.mountainsB.valleysC.streetsD.shops

43.A.gamesB.meetingsC.sportsD.events

44.A.forB.toC.withD.in

45.A.dancedB.gatheredC.drankD.shouted

46.A.villageB.sceneC.nightD.ground

47.A.ontheedgeofB.onthewayto

C.inthecenterofD.inthedirectionof

48.A.whileB.untilC.unlessD.though

49.A.tipB.backC.topD.bottom

50.A.insideB.nearC.offD.across

51.A.fondB.littleC.fullD.free

52.A.jumpedB.satC.stoodD.bent

53.A.soB.evenC.yetD.still

54.A.followB.showC.noticeD.admire

55.A.cleanB.grayC.peacefulD.empty

答案36.C37.A38.B39.A40.D41.A42.C43.D44.C45.B

46.C47.A48.B49.C50.A51.C52.B53.D54.D55.B

（08•安徽）

Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalk

aroundit,guide-book36hand.Ofcourse,wemay37withourguide-booksthehistoryand

38developmentsofatownandgettoknowthem.

39then,ifwetakeourtimeand40inatownforawhile,wemaygettoknowitbetter.

Whenwe41itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-books

donotanswer.Whyisthetownjust43this,thisshape,thisplan,thissize?Whydoits

streets44inthisparticularway,andnotinany

45way?

Hereeventhebestguide-book46us.Onecan'tfindinittheinformationabouthowa

townhasdevelopedtothe47appearance.Itmaynotdescribethe

original（最初的）48ofatown.However,onemaygetsomeideaofwhatit

49looklikebywalkingaroundthetown.Onecanalsoimagine50thetownwasfirst

plannedandbuilt.Thenonecanlearnmoreaboutinwhatdirectionthetown51todevelop.

Whatisthe52ofstudyingtownsinthisway?Forme,itis53thatonegetsa

greaterdepthofpleasurebyvisitingandseeingatownwithone'sowneyes.A54visittoa

townmayhelponebetterunderstandwhyitisattractive

55justreadingaboutitinaguide-book.

36.A.inB.atC.byD.on

37.A.writeB.studyC.tellD.remember

38.A.strangeB.similarC.separateD.special

39.A.ButB.BeforeC.SinceD.Until

40.A.marchB.workC.stayD.wait

41.A.lookatB.1ookafterC.lookforD.1ookup

42.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

43.A.ofB.forC.likeD.as

44.A.openB.runC.beginD.move

45.A.oneB.moreC.otherD.such

46.A.helpsB.tricksC.failsD.satisfies

47.A.oldB.normalC.firstD.present

48.A.capitalB.meaningC.designD.change

49.A.usedtoB.seemedtoC.hadtoD.happenedto

50.A.whatB.howC.whenD.where

51.A.stopsB.appearsC.startsD.continues

52.A.pointB.viewC•problemD.difficulty

53.A.nearlyB.simplyC.generallyD.hardly

54.A.costlyB.formalC.groupD.personal

55.A.fromB.thanC.throughD.with

答案36.A37.B38.D39.A40.C41.A42.D43.C44.B45.C46.C47,D

48.C49.A50.B51.D52.A53.B54.D55.B

（09•江苏）

Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,

allstudentsmust36sixtyhoursofservicelearning,37theywillnotreceiveadiploma.

Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.38ofservice

learningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.

39aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal（日志）andthenwritea40about

whattheyhavelearned.

Supportersclaimthattherearemany41ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,

studentsareforcedtothink42theirowninterestsandbecome43oftheneedsof

others.Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal-lifeskillsthat44responsibility,problem-solving,

andworkingaspartofateam.45,studentscanexplorepossiblecareers46_service

learning.

Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinan

elementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.47therearemanybenefits,

opponents（反对者）48problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they49thatthe

mainreasonstudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningis

time-consuming,studentsspend50timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelieve

thatforcingstudentstoworkwithout51goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,the

schooltakesawayanindividual'sfreedomtochoose.

Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto52tothecommunity,learnnewskills,

andexploredifferentcareers.53,Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers-

the54tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest55isonethatgivesstudents

choices:astudentshouldbeabletochoosesixtyhoursofindependentstudyorsixtyhoursof

service.Choiceencouragesbothfreedomandresponsibility,andasyoungadults,wemustlearnto

handlebothwisely.

36.A.spendB.gainC.completeD.save

37.A.andB.orC.butD.for

38.A.SubjectsB.ideasC.ProceduresD.Examples

39.A.WithB.BeforeC.DuringD.After

40.A.diaryB,reportC.noteD.notice

41.A.coursesB.benefitsC.challengesD.features

42.A.beyondB.aboutC.overD.in

43.A.carefulB.proudC.tiredD.aware

44.A.possessB.applyC.includeD.develop

45.A.GraduallyB.FinallyC.LuckilyD.Hopefully

46.A.throughB.acrossC.ofD.on

47.A.SoB.ThusC.SinceD.While

48.A.dealwithB.lookintoC.pointoutD.takedown

49.A.argueB.doubtC.overlookD.admit

50.A.muchB.fullC.lessD.more

51.A.costB.payC.careD.praise

52.A.contributeB.appealC.attendD.belong

53.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.However

54.A.courageB.desireC.emotionD.spirit

55.A.decisionB.purposeC.solutionD.result

答案36.C37.B38.D39.C40.B41.B42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D

48.C49.A50.C51.B52.A53.D54.B55.C

（09•上海）

Mostpeoplebelievetheydon'thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehas

imagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto51it.Creativityisn't

always52withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime53

thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieve,atrickyquestionto

answeroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.

MakingconnectionsThistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinks

betweenthem.First,thinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Then

findanimage,word,ideaorobject,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheidea/words55

withcandles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenext

stageistorelatethe56tothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobutafriendan

original57;youcouldbuyhimticketstomatchortakehimoutforthenight.

NOlimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon't58.Youhaveasmuch

time/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew59.Ifyourgoalisto

learntoski,60youcannowpractiseskiingeverydayofyourlife（becauseyouhavethe

timeandthemoney）.Now61thistoreality.Maybeyoucanpractiseskiingeverdayin

December,oreveryMondayinJanuary.

Besomeoneelse!Lookatthesituationfroma62pointofview.Goodbusinessmen

usethistechniqueintrade,andsodowrites.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe63in

theirbooks.Theyaskquestion:Whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan'tshegetit?What

changesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfin

由eir64.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!

50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic

51.A.putupwithB.catchupwithC.makeuseofD.keeptrackof

52.A.equippedB.comparedC.coveredD.connected

53.A.skillfullyB.routinelyC.vividlyD.deeply

54.A.familiarB.unrelatedC.creativeD.imaginary

55.A.presentedB.markedC.litD.associated

56.A.ideasB.ambitionsC.achievementD.technique

57.A.experienceB.serviceC.presentD.object

58.A.workB.lastC.existD.change

59.A.possibilitiesB.limitationsC.tendencyD.practice

60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample

61.A.devoteB.adaptC.leadD.keep

62.A.privateB.globalC.differentD.practical

63.A.positionsB.dreamsC.imagesD.directions

64.A.positionsB.dreamsC.imagesD.directions

答案50.A51.C52.D53.B54.B55.D56.A57.C58.C59.A60.D61.B

62.C63.D64.A

（10•重庆）

IntroductiontoLetterstoSam

DearReader,

Pleaseallowmetotellyousomethingbeforeyoureadthisbook.Whenmy36,Sam,

wasbom,myheartwasfilledwithjoy.Ihadbeensittinginawheelchairfor20yearsbeforethen,

andIhavebeen37illmanytimes.SoIwonderedifIwouldhavethe38totellSamwhatI

had39.

ForyearsIhavebeenhostingaprogramonthe40andwritingarticlesforamagazine.

Being41tomovefreely,Ihavelearnedtositstillandkeepmyheart42,exchangingthoughts

withthousandsoflistenersand43.SowhenSamwasbom,I44totellhimaboutschool

andfridship,romanceandwork,loveandeverythingelse.That'showIstartedtowritethese45.

IhopethatSamwould46themsoonerorlater.

However,thatexpectation47whenSamshowedsignsofautism（自闭症）attheageof

two.Hehadactuallystoppedtalkingbeforethediscoveryofthesigns.He48tocommunicate

withothers,eventhefamilymembers.Thatwas49formebutdidn'tstopmewritingon.I

realizedthatIhadeven50nowtotellhim.Iwantedhimto51whatitmeanstobe

“different“fromothers,andlearnhowtofightagainstthemisfortunehe'H52asImyself,his

grandfather,did.Ijust53ifIcouldwriteallthatIwantedtosayintherestofmylife.

Now,54thebookhasbeenpublished,Ihavebeengiventhechance.Everychapterin

thebookisalettertoSam:someaboutmylife,andallaboutwhatitmeanstobea55.

DanielGottlieb

36.A.sonB.nephewC.brotherD.grandson

37.A.seriouslyB.mentallyC.slightlyD.quietly

38.A.abilityB.timeC.courageD.responsibility

39.A.writtenB.sufferedC.observedD.lost

40.A.radioB.televisionC.stageD.bed

41.A.readyB.unableC.anxiousD.eager

42.A.warmB.brokenC.closedD.open

43.A.hostsB.visitorsC.readersD.reporters

44.A.beganB.stoppedC.forgotD.decided

45.A.lettersB.emailsC.booksD.diaries

46.A.findB.readC.collectD.keep

47.A.developedB.disappearedC.changedD.arrived

48.A.triedB.refusedC.regrettedD.hoped

49.A.excitingB.acceptableC.strangeD.heartbreaking

50.A.lessB.everythingC.moreD.nothing

51.A.understandB.explainC.believeD.question

52.A.fearB.faceC.knowD.cause

53.A.feltB.guessedC.sawD.doubted

54.A.asB.onceC.thoughD.if

55.A.teacherB.childC.manD.writer

【语篇解读】本文介绍了aLetterstoSam"这本书的创作背景和写作目的。

36.答案D

【解析】根据asImyself,hisgrandfather可判断,Sam是"我”的孙子。

37.答案A

【解析】由Ihadbeensittinginawheelchairfor20yearsbeforethen和IwonderedifIwould

havethetime…可知作者在这期间重病了几次。所以用seriously.

38.答案B

【解析】由这一段可知，作者是想告诉他的孙子，但担心自己的身体，所以不知道是不是有

时间。此处用lime符合上下文。

39.答案C

【解析】observe看到，注意到。根据全文内容的理解，作者想告诉他孙子的是他的经历，

只有observe合题意。

40.答案A

【解析】由下文的withthousandsoflisteners可知，作者是主持广播节目,所以选radio.

41.答案B

【解析】由第一段可知，作者在轮椅上待了20年，所以不能自由活动。

42.答案D

【解析】由下文中与听众和读者交流思想可知，作者敞开心扉，所以选open。

43.答案C

【解析】由第二段开头可知，作者主持广播节目和为杂志写文章，所以此处是和听众和读者

交流。

44.答案D

【解析】由下句这就是我怎样开始写这些信的可知，这儿应用decided.是因为我决定告诉Sam

学校与友谊、浪漫与工作、爱情与其它一切，才开始写这些信。

45.答案A

【解析】由本文的题目可知是介绍的LetterstoSam这本书，下文中也告诉我们这本书的每

一章都是一封信，所以这儿选A。

46.答案B

【解析】因为信是写给Sam的，所以作者希望Sam迟早会读到这些信。

47.答案C

【解析】由于Sam患了自闭症，所以作者的这种期望改变了。

48.答案B

【解析】因为Sam患了自闭症，这儿是说他拒绝与别人交流。

49.答案D

【解析】由上文可知，作者对Sam希望很大，而Sam却患了自闭症，这对作者来说是令人

心碎的。

50.答案C

【解析】由上面一句语，但是并没有阻止我继续写下去和下文中的我想让他理解与别人不同

意味着什么，学会和我一样与面对的不幸作斗争可知，作者是有了更多的东西要写。

51.答案A

【解析】见第50题。

52.答案B

【解析】见第50题。

53.答案D

【解析】由上文可知，作者的身体不好，所以他怀疑他是不是能写下所有他想说的话。

54.答案A

【解析】as引导原因状语从句。句意：因为这本书出版了，所以我有机会让Sam看到我所

有想说的话。

55.答案C

【解析】这本书的每一章都是一封信，一些是关于我的，所有都是关于作为一个人意味着什

么的。

（10•安徽）

Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersin

modernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery36thingsarethewritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapen

basedonlyon37,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied38theybegintouseit.However,buyinga

penthatyouJ11enjoyisnot39ityoukeepthefollowinginmind.

Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe40touse.The

thincknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic（特征）41comfort.Having

asmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhave

a42handandthickerfingersyoumay43fatterpen.Thelengthofapencan44

influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo45caneasilyfeeltop-heavyandunstable.

Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould46theinktoflowevenly（均匀地）

whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.47willmakeitpossibleforyouto

createa48lineofwriting.Thepointthatdoesnotblockthe50mayleavedrops

ofink,51youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay53bad

handwriting,butfine,delicate1inesdonotcommand54nexttoprintedfext,as,55,a

signatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,giveanimpression

ofconfidenceandauthority（权威）。

36.A.manyB.fewC.pleasantD.important

37.A.looksB.reasonC.valueD.advantages

38.A.onceB.ifC.becauseD.though

39.A.conv