《通信与电子信息科技英语》课件unit 7

DigitalImageProcessingNewwordsandphrases1dimensionaladj.……维的,维量(数)的2spatialadj.空间的3coordinaten.坐标(用复数)4intensityn.强度,亮度5peln.像素(pictureelement缩写)6pixeln.像素(=pictureelement)7visionn.视觉,视力

computervision计算机视觉8perceptionn.感知,感觉9gamman.伽马（γ）射线10ultrasoundn.超声波

DigitalImageProcessing11encompassvt.包括,包含12disciplinen.学科,科目13artificialadj.人造的

artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能

artificialboundary人工边界,人为边界14trivialadj.通常的，平凡的15emulatevt.模拟(模仿)16objectiven.目标,目的17infancyn.开始,初期18anticipatevt.预期;期待19clearcutadj.明确的,清晰的20continuumn.连续统一体,连续性

DigitalImageProcessing21paradigmn.范例,样式22computerizedadj.计算机化的23contrastn.对比度24enhancementn.增强,加强

contrastenhancement对比度增强25segmentationn.分割26partitionvt.分割;n.分割,划分27attributen.属性,特征28contourn.轮廓29identityn.标识，识别30ensemblen.整体;总效果 DigitalImageProcessing31cognitiveadj.认知的,有感知的

cognitivefunction认知功能32overlapn.重迭;重叠33acquisitionn.采集,收集,获得

imageacquisition图像获取,图像采集34scalevt.改变比例35obscurevt.使暗,使不明显36highlightvt.使……突出,使显著,强调37resolutionn.分辨,分辨率38probabilisticadj.概率的,统计的,随机的

probabilisticmodel概率模型39degradationn.退化

imagedegradation图像退化,图像质量下降40preferencen.偏爱,优先选择

DigitalImageProcessing41waveletn.小波,子波42pyramidaladj.金字塔形的,锥体的43pictorialadj.图示的44inadvertentlyadv.不注意地45extensionn.扩展名

fileextension文件扩展名46morphologicaladj.形态学(上)的47constituentadj.形成的,组成的48ruggedadj.不规则的49erraticadj.不稳定的,无规律的50eventualadj.最后的,终于的

DigitalImageProcessing51representationn.表示法,表现,显示

boundaryrepresentation边界表示法52inflectionn.弯曲,变形53texturen.纹理,结构,质地54skeletaladj.骨架的55complementvt.补充,补足;使完备56subsequentadj.后来的57assignvt.分配,给予58quantitativeadj.数量的,定量的

quantitativeinformation定量信息59differentiatev.区别,区分60e.g.(exempligratia)n.例如DigitalImageProcessing61descriptorn.描述子,描述符62explicitlyadv.明白地,明确地63massiveadj.大量的;大规模的64miniaturizevt.使微型化,使小型化65generalpurposeadj.通用的,多种用途的66blendvt.混和

blendingn.混和,混和物67digitizern.数字化仪,数字化转换器68throughputn.吞吐量,通过量,吞吐率

datathroughput数据吞吐率69supercomputern.巨型(电子)计算机70offlineadj.脱机的，离线的

DigitalImageProcessing71mustn.必需的东西;必须做的事72onlineadj.在线的,即时的73archivaladj.档案的;档案里的

archivalstorage档案库存储器74instantaneousadj.瞬间的,即时的75zoomn.图像电子放大,缩放76scrolln.卷动,滚动77pann.摇镜头,摇摄,拍全景78horizontaladj.水平的79magneticadj.磁的,有磁性的

magneticdisk磁盘

magnetictape磁带80housevt.保存,收藏,收容

DigitalImageProcessing81jukeboxn.(自动)光盘机82integraladj.组成的,主要的,必备的

anintegralpart不可分割的部分83headgearn.头戴受话器,头戴听筒84gogglesn.护目镜,墨镜,防护镜85inkjet喷墨86filmn.胶(软)片,胶卷,电影胶片87transparencyn.幻灯片88inherentadj.固有的,内在的89opticaladj.光学的

opticaldisk(opticaldisc)光盘90fibern.(光导)纤维

opticalfiber光纤

DigitalImageProcessing1digitalimage数字图像2graylevel灰度级,灰度3pictureelement(pixel,pel,imageelerment)像素4electromagnetic(EM)spectrum电磁波频谱5electronmicroscopy电子显微镜6radiowave无线电波7imageunderstanding图像理解8inbetween在……之间，在中间9imagepreprocessing图像预处理10imagesharpening图像锐化11bringout使显示,生产12imagerestoration图像恢复;图像复原

DigitalImageProcessing13datacompression数据压缩14imagecompression图像压缩15JPEG（JointPhotographicExpertsGroup联合图像专家组16featureselection特征选择17imagesensor摄像传感器18withreferenceto关于19ALU（arithmeticlogicunit，arithmeticandlogicunit)

算术逻辑单元,运算器20softwarepackage软件包,程序包21massstorage海量存储器22framebuffer帧缓存器,帧缓冲区23flatscreen平面屏幕24stereodisplay立体显示

DigitalImageProcessing

Animagemaybedefinedasatwodimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,andtheamplitudevaluesoffareallfinite,discretequantities,wecalltheimageadigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalimage.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,

DigitalImageProcessingunlikehumans,whoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spectrum,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumansarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimages.Theseincludeultrasound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputergeneratedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplications.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,suchasimageanalysisandcomputervision,start.Sometimesadistinctionismadebydefiningimageprocessingasadisciplineinwhichboththeinputandoutputofaprocessareimages.Webelievethistobealimitingandsomewhatartificialboundary.Forexample,underthisdefinition,eventhetrivialtaskofcomputingtheaverageintensityofanimage(whichyieldsasinglenumber)wouldnotbe

DigitalImageProcessingconsideredanimageprocessingoperation.Ontheotherhand,therearefieldssuchascomputervisionwhoseultimategoalistousecomputerstoemulatehumanvision,includinglearningandbeingabletomakeinferencesandtakeactionsbasedonvisualinputs.Thisareaitselfisabranchofartificialintelligence(AI)whoseobjectiveistoemulatehumanintelligence.ThefieldofAIisinitsearlieststagesofinfancyintermsofdevelopment,withprogresshavingbeenmuchslowerthanoriginallyanticipated.Theareaofimageanalysis(alsocalledimageunderstanding)isinbetweenimageprocessingandcomputervision.

Therearenoclearcutboundariesinthecontinuumfromimageprocessingatone

endtocomputervisionattheother.However,oneusefulparadigmistoconsiderthreetypesofcomputerizedprocessesinthiscontinuum:low,mid,andhighlevelprocesses.LowlevelprocessesinvolveprimitiveoperationssuchasimagepreprocessingtoDigitalImageProcessingreducenoise,contrastenhancement,andimagesharpening.Alowlevelprocessischaracterizedbythefactthatbothitsinputsandoutputsareimages.Midlevelprocessingonimagesinvolvestaskssuchassegmentation(partitioninganimageintoregionsorobjects),description

ofthoseobjectstoreducethemtoaformsuitableforcomputerprocessing,andclassification(recognition)ofindividualobjects.Amidlevelprocessischaracterizedbythefactthatitsinputsgenerallyareimages,butitsoutputsareattributesextractedfromthoseimages(e.g.,edges,contours,andtheidentityofindividualobjects).ExercisesⅠ.PleasetranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoChinese.1.electromagnetic(EM)spectrum2.electronmicroscopy3.radiowave4.ultrasound5.imageunderstanding6.framebuffer7.imagesensor8.fileextensions

电磁波频谱电子显微镜无线电波超声(波)图像理解帧缓存器，帧缓冲摄像传感器文件扩展名Exercises9.JPEG10.transmissioncapacity11.boundaryrepresentation12.featureselection13.ALU14.archivalstorage15.stereodisplay16.specializedhardware17.artificialintelligence18.flatscreen

联合图像专家组(JointPhotographicExpertsGroup)传输容量边界表示（法）特征选择算术逻辑单元，运算器(arithmeticlogicunit)档案库存储器立体显示专用硬件人工智能(AI)平面屏幕ExercisesⅡ.PleasetranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoEnglish.1.数字图像处理2.像素3.海量存储器4.图像分析5.图像锐化6.图像恢复7.数据压缩8.对比度增强

digitalimageprocessingpixel(pel,pictureelement,imageelement)massstorageimageanalysisimagesharpeningimagerestorationdatacompressioncontrastenhancementExercises9.分辨率10.图像显示11.卫星图像12.光盘13.小波14.计算机视觉15.图像退化16.图像采集17.磁盘18.目标识别

Resolutionimagedisplaysatelliteimageopticaldisk(opticaldisc)waveletcomputervisionimagedegradationimageacquisitionmagneticdiskobjectrecognitionExercisesⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththemissingword(s).1.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalimages

by

meansofadigitalcomputer.2.Theseelementsarereferred

to

aspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.3.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantrole

in

humanperception.4.Sometimesadistinctionismadebydefiningimageprocessing

as

adisciplineinwhichboththeinputandoutputofaprocessareimages.5.Alowlevelprocessischaracterized

by

thefactthatbothitsinputsandoutputsareimages.6.Imageacquisitioncouldbeassimpleasbeinggivenanimagethatisalready

in

digitalform.

Exercises7.Itisimportanttokeep

in

mindthatenhancementisaverysubjectiveareaofimageprocessing.8.Imagecompressionisfamiliar(perhapsinadvertently)

to

mostusersofcomputersintheformofimagefileextensions.9.Segmentationprocedurespartitionanimage

into

itsconstituentpartsorobjects.10.Forexample,

under

thisdefinition,eventhetrivialtaskofcomputingtheaverageintensityofanimagewouldnotbeconsideredanimageprocessingoperation.11.Weconcludeourcoverageofdigitalimageprocessing

with

thedevelopmentofmethods

for

recognitionofindividualobjects.12.Indedicatedapplications,sometimesspecially

desinged

(design,designed,designing)computersareusedtoachievearequiredlevelofperformance,butourinteresthereisongeneralpurposeimageprocessingsystems. ExercisesⅣ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Pleasegivethedefinitionofthedigitalimage.Animagemaybedefinedasatwodimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,andtheamplitudevaluesoffareallfinite,discretequantities,wecalltheimageadigitalImage.

Exercises2.Pleaseexplainthreelevelsofcomputerizedprocessesinthecontinuumfromimageprocessingtocomputervision.Therearethreelevels(Lowlevel,MidlevelandHigherlevel)ofcomputerizedprocessesinthecontinuumfromimageprocessingtocomputervision.Lowlevelprocessesinvolveprimitiveoperationssuchasimagepreprocessingtoreducenoise,contrastenhancement,andimagesharpening.Midlevelprocessingonimagesinvolvestaskssuchassegmentation(partitioninganimageintoregionsorobjects),descriptionofthoseobjectstoreducethemtoaformsuitableforcomputerprocessing,andclassific