人大历年考博英语真题

中国人民大学2001

IIVocabulary(10points)

PartA(5points)

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markthe

correspondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonANSWERSHEET.

1.Andthetopic“fat"isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthat

oneislosingthetrimandofyouth.

A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar

2.Allspecialistsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugs

iscarefullytherisksandbenefits.

A.valuingB.evaluatingC.estimatingD.weighing

3.Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon'tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,

ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

A.obliviousB.patentC.obviousD.pernicious

4.Theword“foolish“istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefer

theword.

A.ideologicalB.idyllicC.idioticI),idiomatic

5.Becauseofitsexcellenceinquality,forthelasttwoyears,Audicarhas

Germany,sTouringCarChampionship.

A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined

6.Whatweconsideraluxuryatonetimefrequentlybecomesa,manyfamilies

findthatownershipoftwocarsisindispensable.

A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityI),nuisance

7.Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswiththeoriginalin

translation.Soitwasnecessarythathemakethesuggested.

A.alterationsB.alternativesC.alternationsD.altercations

8.Manywell-educatedpeopledon,tbelievethatwillendangerfreedom

ofspeech.

A.censershipB.censureshipC.sensorshipD.censorship

9.Theof"snake“issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.denotation

10.WhentheopposingplayerfouledJohn,Johnlethisangerhisgoodsense

andhittheboyback.

A.gotthefeelofB.gotthehangof

C.gotthebetterofD.gottheworstof

PartB(5points)

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencesthereisonewordorphrase

underlined.BelowthesentencearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

wordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.Markthe

correspondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonANSWERSHEET

I.

11.AlthoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofGeorgeWashington,manyof

theincidentsareimaginary.

A.fascinatingB.factitiousC.fastidiousD.fictitious

12.ThetradefairisdesignedtofacililatefurthercooperationbetweenChinese

autoindustriesandoverseasautoindustries.

A.promoteB.protectC.preserveD.prolong

13.Hewasconcernedonlywithmundanematters,especiallythedailystockmarket

quotations.

A.rationalB.obscureC.worldlyD.eminent

14.TheearthquakethatoccurredinIndiathisyearwasamajorcalamityinwhich

agreatmanyliveswerelost.

A.casualtyB.catastropheC.catalogueD.crusade

15.Thedoctorswereworriedbecausethepatientdidnotrecuperateasrapidly

astheyhadexpected.

A.withdrawB.emergeC.recoverD.uncover

16.ThepurchaserofthislorryisprotectedbythemanufacturerJswarrantythat

hewillreplaceanydefectivepartforfiveyearsor50,000miles.

A.prohibitionB.insuranceC.prophecyD.guarantee

17.Theboycouldnotreconcilehimse1ftothefailure,hedidnotbelievethat

washislot.

A.submitB.commitC.transmitD.permit

18.InsomecitiesofNorthChina,thenoisepollutionisaspronouncedasthat

inTokyo.

A.contemptuousB.contagiousC.conspicuousD.contemplated

19.Trivialbreachesofregulationswecanpassover,butmoreseriousoneswill

havetobeinvestigated.

A.exceedB.witherC.overpassD.neglect

20.Wewerediscussingthehousingproblemwhenamiddle-agedmancutinandsaid,

“There'snopointintalkingaboutimpossibilities.”

A.intersectB.interjectC.penetrateD.adulterate

IIICloze(10points)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,andforeachblank

thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDattheendofthepassage.Youshouldchoose

theONEanswerthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

withasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.

Motorwaysare,nodoubtthesafestroadsinBritain.Mile21mile,vehiclefor

vehicle,youaremuch22likelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonan

ordinaryroad.On23hand,ifyoudohaveaseriousaccidentonamotorway,

fatalitiesaremuchmorelikelyto24thaninacomparableaccident25onthe

roads.

Motorwayshaveno26bends,noroundaboutsortrafficlightsand27speeds

aremuchgreaterthanonotherroads.Thoughthe70mphlimitis28inforce,it

isoftentreatedwiththecontemptthatmostdrivershaveforthe30mpblimit

applyinginbuiltupareasinBritain.Addedtothisisthefactthatmotorwaydrivers

seemtoliketravelingingroupswithperhaps29tenmetresbetweeneachvehicle.

Theresultinghorrificpile-ups30vehiclestopsforsomereason,suchas

mechanicalfailure,drivererrorandsoon,havebecomeal131familiarthrough

picturesinnewspapersorontelevision.How32ofthesedriversrealizethatit

takesacaraboutonehundredmetrestobraketoastop3370mph?Driversalso

seemtothinkthatmotorwaydrivinggivesthemcompleteprotectionfromthechanging

weather.34__wettheroad,whateverthevisibilityinmistorfog,onthey35at

ridiculousspeedsobliviousofpolicewarningsorspeedrestrictions36their

journeycomestoaconclusion.Perhapsoneremedy37thismotorwaymadnesswould

bebetterdrivereducation.Atpresent,learnerdriversarebared38motorways

andarethusasfarasthiskindofdrivingis39throwninatthedeepend.However,

muchmoreefficientpolicingisrequired,40itisthedutyofthepolicenotonly

toenforcethelawbutalsotoprotectthegeneralpublicfromitsownfoolishness.

21.A.forB.afterC.toD.by

22.A.moreB.farC.lessD.lesser

23.A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theother

24.A.comeupB.occurC.befoundD.arise

25.A.everywhereB.elsewhereC.anywhereD.somewhere

26.A.pointedB.steepC.verticalD.sharp

27.A.thusB.thenC.soD.thereupon

28.A.yetB.evenC.stillD.subsequently

29.A.utterlyB.simplyC.barelyD.purely

30.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.for

31.A.tooB.alsoC.undulyD.unreasonably

32.A.manyB.muchC.deeplyD.profoundly

33.A.toB.fromC.atD.for

34.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WhoeverD.How

35.A.pushB.rakeC.tillD.plough

36.A.unlessB.beforeC.thusD.until

37.A.toB.forC.ofD.on

38.A.fromB.againstC.awayD.off

39.A.relatedB.consideredC.concernedD.touched

40.A.butB.thenC.themD.for

IVReadingComprehension(20points)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassages,decideonthebestoneofthechoices

markedA,B,CandDforeachquestionorunfinishedstatementandmarkthe

correspondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonANSWERSHEET

I.

Passage1

Thenexttimethemenweretakenupontothedeck,Kuntamadeapointoflooking

atthemanbehindhiminline,theonewholaybesidehimtotheleftwhentheywere

below.HewasaSereretribesmanmucholderthanKunta,andhisbody,frontandback,

wascreasedwithwhipcuts,someofthemsodeepandfesteringthatKuntafeltbadly

forhavingwishedsometimesthathemightstrikethemaninthedarknessformoaning

sosteadilyinhispain.StaringbackatKunta,theSerere*sdarkeyeswerefull

offuryanddefiance.Awhiplashedoutevenastheystoodlookingateachother

—thistimeatKunta,spurringhimtomoveahead.Tryingtorollaway,Kuntawas

kickedheavilyinhisribs.ButsomehowheandthegaspingWolofmanagedtostagger

backupamongtheothermenfromtheirshelfwhowereshamblingtowardtheirdousing

withbucketsofseawater.

Amomentlater,thestingingsaltinessofitwasburninginKuntaJswounds,

andhisscreamsjoinedthoseofothersoverthesoundofthedrumandthewheezing

thingthathadagainbegunmarkingtimeforthechainedmentojumpanddancefor

thetoubob.KuntaandtheWolofweresoweakfromtheirnewbeatingthattwicethey

stumbled,butwhipblowsandkickssentthemhoppingclumsilyupanddownintheir

chains.SogreatwashisfurythatKuntawasbarelyawareofthewomensinging“Toubob

fa!”Andwhenhehadfinallybeenchainedbackdowninhisplaceinthedarkhold,

hisheartthrobbedwithalusttomurdertoubob.

Everyfewdaystheeightnakedtoubobwouldagaincomeintothestinkingdarkness

andscrapetheirtubsfulloftheexcrementthathadaccumulatedontheshelveswhere

thechainedmenlay.Kuntawouldliestillwithhiseyesstaringbalefullyinhatred,

followingthebobbingorangelights,listeningtothetoubodcursingandsometimes

slippingandtailingintotheslicknessunderfoot—soplentifulnow,becauseofthe

increasingloosenessofthemen*sbowels,thatthefilthhadbeguntodropoffthe

edgesoftheshelvesdownintotheaisleway.

Thelasttimetheywereondeck,Kuntahadnoticedamanlimpingonabadly

infectedleg.Thistimethemanwaskeptupondeckwhentherestweretakenback

below.Afewdayslater,thewomentoldtheotherprisonersintheirsingingthat

theman,sleghadbeencutoffandthatoneofthewomenhadbeenbroughttotend

him,butthatthemanhaddiedthatnightandbeenthrownovertheside.Starting

then,whenthetoubobcametocleantheshelves,theyalsodroppedred-hotpieces

ofmetalintopailsofstrongvinegar.Thecloudsofacridsteamleftthehold

smellingbetter,butsoonitwouldagainbeoverwhelmedbythechokingstink.It

wasasmellthatKuntafeltwouldneverleavehislungsandskin.

Thesteadymurmuringthatwentonintheholdwheneverthetoubobweregonekept

growinginvolumeandintensityasthemenbegantocommunicatebetterandbetter

withoneanother.Wordsnotunderstoodwerewhisperedfrommouthtoearalongthe

shelvesuntilsomeonewhoknewmorethanonetonguewouldsendbacktheirmeanings.

Intheprocess,allofthemenalongeachshelflearnednewwordsintonguesthey

hadnotspokenbefore.Sometimesmenjerkedupward,bumpingtheirheads,inthe

doubleexcitementofcommunicatingwitheachotherandthefactthatitwasbeing

donewithoutthetoubob'sknowledge.Mutteringamongthemselvesforhours,themen

developedadeepeningsenseofintrigueandofbrotherhood.Thoughtheywereof

differentvillagesandtribes,thefeelinggrewthattheywerenotfromdifferent

peoplesorplaces.

41.ThelivingconditionsfortheBlacksintheholdoftheslaveshipwere.

A.adequatebutprimitive

B.inhumaneandinadequate

C.humanebutcrowded

D.similartothecrew'squarters

42.Theprisonershaddifficultycommunicatingwitheachotherbecause.

A.theyweretoosicktotalk

B.theydistrustedoneanother

C.noonefeltliketalking

D.theyspokedifferentlanguages

43.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtobalefullyasusedin

uKuntawouldliestillwithhiseyesstaringbalefullyinhatredv?

A.IndulgentlyB.Vacantly

C.ForlornlyD.Menacingly

44.Byconstantlyreferringtosuchthingsasfilthandchokingstink,theauthor

seekstocreateatonethatarousesafeelingof.

A.disgustwiththedirt

B.horrorattheinjustice

C.revoltingatthefoulodor

D.reliefthatthishappenedlongago

45.Despitetheirintensepainandsuffering,theBlackmenfoundasmallmeasure

ofcomfortin.

A.theirexerciseperiodsondeck

B.thebreathtakingoceanscenery

C.theirconversationswiththeBlackwomen

D.theirconversationswithoneanother

Passage2

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseize

headlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy,

svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhood

servicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100

workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogenerate

halfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirms

haveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989will

seeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswill

overestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.

Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.

Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporation

andfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirown

bossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeper

andreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery

100businessesstartingouttodayare1ikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and

27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60of

those100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,

sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,

suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthe

companiessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargepartto

havingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworked

withthesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmany

entrepreneursforgetthatafirm'shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindication

ofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,

small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorof

decayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,

preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheir

ingeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollor

vacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseethe

seriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm,svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensible

rateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistime

toconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideA.

46.Accordingtothepassage,acountryJseconomyisprobablydecidedby.

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

47.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould・

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe'salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany,scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?.

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There'sagoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

49.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It*stoolateforsmal1businessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblem

becausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It'surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintothe

enterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

50.What?sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinmultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

Passage3

Theblue,mysticLakeElsinoreliesinaninlandCaliforniavalleywhichis

teemingandsteamingwithhotsprings.Rimmedbyshaggymountainswhoseforested

crestsarereflectedinitsclearwaters,LakeElsinoreistheverypersonification

ofpeace-butonitreststhecurseofTondo.

Thelakehashadacolorfulhistory.Muchofitliesburiedinlegend,andit

isdifficulttoseparatefactfromfiction.Therehavebeenstoriesofunderground

volcanoesonthelakebottom,erupting,killingfishanddiscoloringthewater.There

havebeenstoriesofaplayfulseaserpentthatlivedinitsdepths.

Longnotedforitsscenicbeautyandhealth-givingwaters,thelakewasafamous

resortintheNineties.Butlongbeforethefirstwhitemanhadsetfootalongthe

shoreofthelake,thispartofCaliforniahadbeenthehomeoftheSobobaIndians.

TheirchiefwasTondo,asternandunforgivingman.

Hehadadaughter,MorningStar,whowasinlovewithPalo,sonofthechief

ofthePalas,aneighboringtribe.TheSobobasandPalaswereswornenemies.For

atimetheloversmetsecretly.ThenonedaytheywerediscoveredbyTondo.Hisrage

wasterribletobehold.Heforbadetheloversevertomeetagain.

MorningStartriedineverywaytoappeaseherfather'sanger,tosoftenhis

hearttowardPalo.Butintimeshesawthatitwasuseless;thathewouldnevergive

hisconsenttotheirmarriage.Vowingthattheywouldneverbeseparated,theIndian

maidandherloverwalkedhandinhandintothelake,asthedrearyNovembersun

castlongshadowsontheland.Theywerefollowedbyagroupoforphanchildrenwhom

MorningStarhadbefriended.Allwalkedintothelake,singingthemournfuldeath

songoftheirpeople,whileTondostoodontheshoreandcursedthelovers,cursed

thebluewaterintowhichtheyallwalkedtotheirdeath.

EversincethatdayitwouldseemthatajinxhasbeenlaidoverLakeElsinore.

Oldtimerstellofagreatupheavalinthelakewhichcausedwatertospoutintothe

airlikeageyserandturnblood-red.Later,itbecameknownthatthreehundred

springsofboilingmudandwaterwereborninthevalleyduringthatupheaval.The

springsreekedwithsulphur.

Formanyyearsafterthisphenomenonthelakeremainedpeaceful.Thenboatswere

overturnedfornoapparentreason,andfewoftheiroccupantseverreturnedtotell

thestory.Thiscontinuedforseveralyears.Atthesametime,strongswimmersdived

intothelakenevertoreappear.

In1833andagainin1846,fishinthelakesuddenlydied.

Inthespringof1850cametheBattleoftheGnats.Theybredinthewaterof

thelakeandswarmedovertheland.Theyinvadedthecountrysideuntiltheharassed

inhabitantscalledforhelp.

AndinJuly1951,thesky-bluewatersofthelakevanishedlikemistbeforea

noondaysun.Whenthebottomwaslaidbaretherewasnotraceofavolcano,the

bottomlesspits,ortheotherdisturbancesoflegendorfact.

Thecopiouswinterrainsof1951-52havereplenishedthelake.Butwhatmenace

doesitshauntingbeautyholdtoday?Fortomorrow?

TheoncemightySobobasarefewnow.Buttheoldmenswearthattheirancestors

stillhauntthelake.TheynodgrizzledheadandmurmurthattheGreatTondoyscurse

willforeverremainuponthelake.Onlytime,thewiseandsilentone,cantell.

51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofLakeElsinore?

A.Itisconsideredbylegendtoberichingolb.

B.Itwasoncefamousasabeautifulresort.

C.ItislocatedinavolcaniccraterinCalifornia.

D.Itusedtobethecenterofaminingvillage.

52.ProbablyTondo,sragewasduethefactthat.

A.MorningStarwastooyoungtomarry

B.Tondo,stribeandPalas'stribewereenemies

C.PalomistreatedhisSobobagirlfriend

D.PalasvowedmeetMorningStarinsecret

53.Accordingtotheold-timers,ontwooccasions.

A.thewaterofthelaketurnedred

B.lakewatersproutedintotheair

C.theGnatsinvadedthecountryside

D.fishinthelakesuddenlydied

54.Theword“jinx”(Line1,Paragraph6)probablymeans.

A.spellofbadluckB.hotaircurrent

C.strangetranquilityD.stormofunusualduration

55.Whichcanbeconsideredthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheCurseofTondo.

B.TheBeautifyLakeElsinore.

C.TheMysteriousIndianTribes.

D.TheTragicLoveofMorningStar.

Passage4

ThecrucialyearsoftheDepression,astheyarebroughtintohistoricalfocus,

increasinglyemergeasthedecisivedecadeforAmericanart,ifnotforAmerican

cultureingeneral.Foritwasduringthisdecadethatmanyoftheconflictswhich

hadblockedtheprogressofAmericanartinthepastcametoaheadandsometimes

boiledover.Janusfaced,thethirtieslookbackward,sometimesasfarasthe

Renaissance;andatthesametimeforward,asfarasthepresentandbeyond.Itwas

themomentwhenartists,likeThomasHartBenton,whowishedtoturnbacktheclock

toregainthevirtuesofsimplertimescameintodirectconflictwithothers,like

StuartDavisandFrankLloydWright,whowerereadytocometotermswiththeMachine

Ageandtodealwithitsconsequences.

Americainthethirtieswaschangingrapidly.Inmanyareasthepastwasgiving

waytothepresent,althoughnotwithoutastruggle.Apredominantlyruralandsmall

townsocietywasbeingreplacedbythegiantcomplexesofthebigcities;powerwas

becomingincreasinglycentralizedinthefederalgovernmentandinlarge

corporations.Asaresult,traditionalAmericantypessuchastheindependentfarmer

andthesmallbusinessmanwerebeingreplacedbytheexecutiveandthebureaucrat.

ManyAmericans,deeplyattachedtotheoldwayoflife,feltdisinhereited.Atthe

sametime,asimmigrationdecreasedandthepopulationbecamemorehomogeneous,the

needaroseinartandliteraturetocommemoratetheethnicandregionaldifferences

thatwerefastdisappearing.Thus,paradoxically,theconvictionthatart,atleast,

shouldservesomepurposeorcarrysomemessageofmoralupliftgrewstrongeras

thePuritanethoslostitscontemporaryreality.Oftenthiselevatingmessagewas

asermoninfavorofjustthosetraditionalAmericanvirtueswhichwerenow

threatenedwithobsolescenceinachangedsocialandpoliticalcontext.

Inthisnewcontext,theappealofthepaintingsbytheRegionalistsandthe

AmericanScenepaintersoftenlayintheirabilitytorecreateanatmospherethat

glorifiedthetraditionalAmericanvalues—self-reliancetemperedwith

good-neighborliness,independencemodifiedbyasenseofcommunity,hardwork

rewardedbyasenseoforderandpurpose.Giventheactualtemperofthetimes,these

themeswerestrangelyanachronistic,justastherhetoricsupportingpolitical

isolationismwasequallyinappropriateinaninternationalsituationsoontoinvolve

Americainasecondworldwar.Suchthemesgainedpopularitybecausetheyfilled

agenuineneedforacomfortablecollectivefantasyofaGod-fearing,

white-picket-fenceAmerica,whichinretrospecttookonthenostalgicappealofa

lostGoldenAge.

Inthislight,anautonomousart-for-artJssakewasviewedasaforeigninvader

liabletosubvertthenativeAmericandesireforapurposefulart.Abstractartwas

assignedtheroleofthevillainousalien;realismwastopersonifythegenuine

Americanmeansofexpression.Theargumentdrewfavorinmanycamps:amongthe

artists,becausemostwererealists;amongthepoliticallyorientedintellectuals,

becauseabstractartwasapolitical;andamongmuseumofficials,becausetheywere

surfeitedwithmediocreimitationsofEuropeanmodernismandwereconvincedthat

Americanartmustdevelopitsowndistinctidentity.Tohelpalongthisroadto

self-definition,themuseumswerepreparedtosetupanartificialdoublestandard,

oneforAmericanart,andanotherforEuropeanart.In1934,RalphFlintwrotein

ArtNews,“Wehavetodayinourmidstagreaterarrayofwhatmaybecalledsecond,

third,andfourth-stringartiststhananyothercountry.Ourbigannualsare

marvelousoutpouringsofintelligenceandskill;theyhaveallthediversityand

animationofafine-ringcircus.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,inthe1930s,abstractartwasseenas.

A.uniquelyAmerica

B.uniquelyEuropean

C.imitativeofEuropeanmodernism

D.countertoAmericanregionalism

57.ThesecondparagraphdealsmainlywithinAmerica.

A.therapidgrowthofurbanpopulation

B.theimpactofindustrializationonrurallife

C.thedisappearanceoftraditionalvalues

D.thechangingscenesinreligionandpolitics

58.Accordingtothepassage,thebestwordtodescribeAmericainthe1930swould

be.

A.reactionary

B.consistent

C.dynamic

D.melancholic

59.“Theartificialstandard(Paragraph4)referstothedifferencebetween

standardsofjudgementfo