六级历年考题真题及答案

2007年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaReward

WhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人做好事期望得到回报；

2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；

3.我的观点。

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswer

Sheet1.Forquestions1-4,niarkY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)

ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthe

passage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJob

Manypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersisdissatisfiedwith

theircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent"Plansfor2004^^survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butit

doesn'tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They'restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,

exceptmovetoanotherjob.

MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhenmostpeopleare

unhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityof

adifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoaching

andconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.

LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjobseekersand

thosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefs

arewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday."Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingand

caringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat'swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelieve

thatyoushoulddowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist4justlikedad.”

Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it'sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.

Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,identify

theirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.

Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisone

ofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,even

ifitdoesn'tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrently

doing.

Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.Lookatthe\giftsand

talentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyour

job,butarestuckinsideanofficeor“chainedtoyourdesk“mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigate

alternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalarge

retailclothingstorefbrseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobe

involvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionby

earninghermaster'sdegreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.

Step3:Self-definitionMillersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosell

themselves.<4Inthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthat

youhavetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer.^^Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycan

applytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverother

candidates.

Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepfbrjobhunters,

butbeingabletoacceptyourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.

Byacceptingwhoyouare-allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing-

you'llprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoringcan

helptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve-thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgood

enough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.

Step5:Vision.Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreally

wanttodo?^^oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirlife

relatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherlove

ofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseherlovesfixingupoldhomes,describes

buyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.

Step6:Appropriaterisk.Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacing

obstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,they

donothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.

Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearninga

salaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbackto

schoolfulltime.You'llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingto

takeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.

Step7:Action.Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofa

mountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthe

mountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached.^^AHtoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholds

peoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjob

opportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestfbramoremeaningful

worklife.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaof

work,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargetedfield.

Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itisthejourney,

notthedestination,thatismostimportant.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.AccordingtotherecentktPlansfor2004"survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.

2.MaryLynMillefsjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvestothepursuitof

6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike.

7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow.

8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion“"

9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto.

lO.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)

B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Surfingthenet.B)Watchingatalkshow.C)Packingabirthdaygift.D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.

12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.

C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.

13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.

B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.

C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.

D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.

14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.B)Attendamedicalschool.C)Stayinbusiness.D)Sellhisshop.

15.A)Moremoney.B)Fairtreatment.C)Acollegeeducation.D)Shorterworkhours.

16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.

C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.

17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.B)Findamoresuitablejob.C)Seekprofessionaladvice.D)Takeapsychology

course.

18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.

C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Togosightseeing.B)Tohavemeetings.C)Topromoteanewchampagne.D)Tojoininatraining

program.

20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.

C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.

21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.

C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.

22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeir

well-being.

C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atafair.B)Atacafeteria.C)Inacomputerlab.D)Inashoppingmall.

24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

25.A)Datacollection.B)Trainingconsultancy.C)Corporatemanagement.D)Informationprocessing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.

Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer

fromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Improvethemselves.B)Getridofemptydreams.

C)Followtheculturaltradition.D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.

27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.

C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Michael'sparentsgotdivorced.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.

C)Karen'smotherdiedinacaraccident.D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.

C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.

31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.

C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Germany.B)Japan.C)TheU.S.D)TheU.K.

33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.

C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.

34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.

C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.

35.A)Changetheirjobs.B)Earnmoremoney.

C)Reducetheirworkinghours.D)Strengthenthegovernment^role.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshould

listencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanks

numberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequired

tofillinthemissinginfonnation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedown

themainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesarethere

towaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalor

moral(37)toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)physicalaswellasemotional

problems,(39)patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestor

suitableforthepatient.If,inany(40),wefeelthataphysician'sorderis(41)orunsafe,wehavea

legal(42)toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.

Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.

Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)reasonforalotof

thecareerdissatisfaction.(44).Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsour

sleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.

Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)

.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffected

enoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassage

carefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson

AnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.ItwassetupinaSilicon

Valleygaragein1998,andinflated(膨胀)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthe

companykeptoninflating.Google'ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,and

googlebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.

GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.It

wasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle'ssearchengine.Brin,

whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidates

whentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordof

mouthfromearlyadoptersto,eventually,yourgrandmother.

Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethanjustlookfor

wordmatches,italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.That

deliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(themathematical

termforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraised

moneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleinto

business.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearch

engines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupontheirown.

Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.Ithadlots

ofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit'snotanexaggerationtosaythat

Googleisnowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat'sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisa

giantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?

48.Google'ssearchengineoriginatedfromstartedbyL.Page.

49.HowdidGoogle'ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?

50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould.

51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.

ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn't

ever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofThe

Affluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formost

ofhistory,"hunger,sickness,andcold“threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.44Povertywasfoundeverywherein

thatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours."AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoan

economicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditioned

consumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbe

unfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeople

instinctively-andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

Ifsoftensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,thereare

manyundeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomes

areincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel

“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,more

education,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheir

standardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“the

disposableAmericanJasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluence

suggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythan

before.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestfor

growthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,

promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestines

manydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdown

andobesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalways

endwithhappiness.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)?

A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A）Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B）Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C）Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D）Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominates

conservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,

subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,

masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（谨

言，慎行）intheworld,“elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（语言的）

ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women's"forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknow

as"men's."This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthe

defeminizationofwomen'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout"men'slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondto

girls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”

ofwomen'slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentiment

iscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialforms

asolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto”grow

into^^—afterall,itisassignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakento

indicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedingly

politeformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls'useofahigh-pitched

voicetodo“teachertalk"or"mothertalk“inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange-ofsocial

changeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,it

maybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsaying

thattheyaretryingtobe“masculine."KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertive

languagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimply

differentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnew

subculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine“speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike

“liberated”or“hip”speech.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail.

A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomenB)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamiliesD)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

58.Whatchangeh