基础英语3期末复习材料

基础英语3期末复习材料Unit5Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.Whenwestarttotellthefirstlie,wearelikelytotellmoretocoverthefirstone.Oneliewillleadtoanother,thenwewillgetourselvesinacomplicatedsituation.2."Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar`sperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp."Psychologicalbarriersbecomesmallerandsmaller.Wetelllieswithouthesitationevenifthedeceitwasuncovered.Theliarwouldn`ttakeitseriously.3.Themostunderstandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincipleoftrustfortheprincipleofcaring.Accordingtoethicizes,themostforgivableandacceptableliesarebasedonprincipleofcaringandloveinsteadoftrust.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.veryimportanttotheworld2.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheother`sfeeling.avoidhurtingother`sfeeling3.Andthenthereareprofessions—lawyers,pundits,PRconsultant—whosemembersspecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclient`sneeds.modifyingthefact4.PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonslipperyslope.somethingthatcanleadtoseriousconsequence5.AreallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcastsunderanycircumstancesⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.Itisgenerallyconsideredunethicalforphysicianstoadvertize.(ethics)Theyoungactorwasrequestedtospeakinafeignedvoice.(feign)Wemustbeunsparinginourcriticismofarmstrade.(spare)Herhardexperiencehasnotcoarsenedherormadehercynical.(cynicism)Mostshopsareshutdownduringthisconfoundedlyhotspell.(confound)Theavailabilityofcreditlubricatedthechannelsoftrade.(lubricant)TheropeswereentangledsoJohnnywasnotabletountietheparcel.(tangle)Willfulpeoplecannottoleratetheslightestfrustrationoftheirwishes.(will)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.Theoutdoorconcertwascalledoffduetotheweather.canceled2.Theexpandedvocabulary,aswellastheimprovedreadingspeedandaccuracy,willbearecordthatcanencourageyoutogetovertheboredom.overcome3.Theyknewthatanyfailuretoabidebythetermsofthetreatywouldbringinternationalcondemnation.follow4.HewasreducedtobegginginthestreetsofManhattan.fellinto5.Theplainfactisthattheyaregivingmethesake,howevertheytrytodressitup.makeitmoreacceptable6.Thesecretisnottobroodoveryourfailures,buttaacceptthemasinevitable.careabout7.Theoptionofincreasinginvestmenthasbeenruledout.givenup8.Itiswisetosetfoodandmoneybyincaseofafutureemergency.reserveforfutureuseⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem"littlepreoccupationorregret."十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有是他们十分纠结或者后悔。Despitetheseadmission,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere"satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter."尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意。”Surely,these"nicelies"areharmlessandwell-intended,anecessarysociallubricant.这些善意的谎言无疑是好意的，也是社会必要的润滑剂。Andifyou`renotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb."Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends."如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则“拿不准的时候就说实话，这会使迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。”Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1、当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯（feign）Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingaboutwhattodo.2、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩（prevarication）Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.3、真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见（ubiquitous）Sometimesthelightofthetruthisjusttoodazzling,sowhiteliesareubiquitous.4、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满（profess）ManywomeninAmericaprofessthattheyareunhappywiththeirstatusassecond-classcitizens.5、一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurtout）Ontheimpulseofthemoment,heblurtedoutthesecret.6、你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断（warp）Youshouldgetridofanyprejudice,resisttemptationsandletnothingwarpyourjudgment.7、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络（atangledweb）Beingover-sensitiveandimaginative,heoftenweavesatangledwebinhismind.8、他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦（spare）Heisverypopularamonghispeersashealwaystriestospareothersanytrouble.Unit8Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.Itwouldbeunwisetopursueanimpossiblegoalevenifitismagnificent/great.2.Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistogetone'shorizonfreefromtheconfinementoftimeandspace.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.takeintoconsideration;attachadequateimportancetoeachfact2.Nodoubt,iftheycouldhavefoundthem,theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind,butasitwastheirliveswerewasted.Surely;broughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind;actually3.Todescendtolessheroicmatters,considerthecaseoftwomen,Mr.AandMr.B,whohateeachotherand,throughmutualhatred,bringeachothertodestruction.talkaboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant;destroyorruineachother4.Sightandsoundandtouchareboundupwithourownbodiesandcannotbeimpersonal.connectwith5.Graduallywiththeyears,hishorizonwidens,and,inproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates,heachievesgrowingwisdom.accordinglyⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.ThemainbeneficiariesoftheHopeProjectarepoverty-strickenchildrenlivinginremoteareas,(benefit)Traditionalherbalmedicineissaidtohavelessundesirablesaideffects.(desire)Thecoldwinddrovethesnowalmosthorizontallyatthesoldiersmarchinginthewilderness.(horizon)AmericanIndiansarenowproudtobethedescendantsofNorthAmerica`sfirstinhabitants.(descend)Thesouthernregionshaveincreasinglyreliedonforeigninvestment(increase)Thisphilosophicalessayisbeyondmydaughter`scapacity.(philosophy)Calmdown!Let`snotbeundulyworried.(due)Intesttheory,standardizationreferstomeasurementsorassessmentsconductedunderexactspecified,andrepeatablecondition.(standard)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.Paul`spickedupathroatinfectionthatprovesverydifficulttogetridof.sufferedfrom2.Hewouldnotstandbyandwatchherimpulsivelythrowherlifeaway.lookonunconcerned3.Thecommitteewassetupprimarilytoinquireintostandardsofpubliclife,investigate4.Thenursewillattendtoyourwoundsassoonasshe`sfree.treat5.WedecidedtoabandonfishingandheadforhomebeforeIfrozetodeath.go6.Imusthaveblackedout;thenextthingIrememberedwastwomenpullingmefromthecar.lostconsciousness7.Theserviceprovidedbythiscanteenisfarfrombeingsatisfactory,butweshalljusthavetoputupwithit.bear8.Thecommunitycommitteeofferedtheresidentsalectureonhowtodisposeofthehouseholdgarbageandtherecyclableresources.dealwithⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeinwisdom.大多数人或许都会同意,虽然我们所处的时代在知识积累方面远远超过以往任何时代,但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld.它产生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最为稠密的地区,食品供应短缺,生活水平下降.Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingarenarrow.有些人知识渊博而情感狭隘,这绝不少见.Noonecanviewtheworldwithcompleteimpartiality;andifanyonecould,hewouldhardlybeabletoremainalive.没有人能够毫无偏见地看待世界,若有的话,他将难以活下去.Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料（surpass）Theresultoftheexperimentfarsurpassedtheirexpectations.2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题（takeaccountof）Weshouldtakefullaccountofthecostoftheprojectandthedifficultieswemaymeet.3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一（contributeto）Thefineweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.4.巴西球员球星罗纳尔多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球（spectacular）Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrail,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsinthe2002WorldCup.5.罗伯特•弗罗斯特（RobertFrost）由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位（confer…upon）ManyhonorarydegreesfromdifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisgreatcontributionstopoetry.6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力（emancipationfrom…）Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去（instill）Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents’minds.8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正（impartiality）Youshouldshowimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.Unit11Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Childrenenterschoolasquestionmarksandleaveasperiods.Whentheystartschool,childrenarecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.Butafterseveralyearsschooleducation,theyendupgivinguptheabilityofcreatingandinvestigation.2.Being"advanced"hasitsownpitfalls—amongthencomplacencyandpushingorforcing.Learnersatahighlevelmaymeetmistakesduringtheprocessoflearning.Theymaybecomeself-satisfiedwiththemselvesormayputtoomuchpressureinordertoachievemore.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Itisnotknowinginthesenseofhavingarigidopinion,buttheabilitytolookagainatanothertime,inadifferentlight,asSzent-Gyorgyisuggests,andfromanewunderstandingbasedonthatobservation.consideragainatanothertimefromadifferentperspective.2.Withthisattitudewemayfindourselvestreatingeventhemostmundanediscoverywithwide-eyedwonderandjoywithgreatsurpriseandpleasure3.Successfulstudentsdonotexpecttobespoon-fed,buttaketheirowninitiative.beprovidedwithreadyanswersandideas.4.Whenwetrydifferentapproachesanddothingsthathavenoprecedenceinourexperience,wewillsurelymakemistakes.dothingsthatisunprecedented5.Dropyourpriorknowledge…[and]attempttograspthenewframeworkinitsowncontext.Don`tlettheknowledgeyouhaveacquiredbeahindrancetoyourlearningofsomethingnew.Ⅲ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.Hefailedtogivesubstantialreasonsforhisbeingabsentfromthemeeting.(substance)Drivenbyverystrongmotivation,henasbeenworkinghardatEnglish.(motivate）Hehasbeenfullycommittedtotheteachingandresearchofclassicalmusic.(commitment)Theclubplacesrigidrestrictionsonitsmembership.(restrictive)Thereisasubtledifferencebetween"egoism"and"individualism".(subtlety)Acuckoobird`svoiceissothrillinginwinter,asitannouncestheadventofspringtime.(thill)Hedislikeshiswifetalkingabouthersuccesscomplacently.(complacency)Theearly1990`switnesseda(n)unprecedentedtideofruralworkersfloodingintobigcitiesinChina.(precedence)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.NowthatI`vefinallyhandedinmythesis,Iplantotakeiteasyforawhile.presented2.Iwouldalsoneedtoseetothematterofcostumes.solve3.Themenweresoabsorbedintheirgamesthattheydidn`tseeusslipaway.attentiveto4.Thepomewasdedicatedtohismother.writteninhonorof5.Shehadtofaceuptothefactthatshewastoooldtoplaytheromanticlead.accept6.Wemustbecarefulnottogetboggeddowninthrillingdetails.involved7.Theloverswerecaughtupinthemoodoftheevening.addicted8.Afterdiscussingthebudgedeficit,theyenteredontheproblemofraisingtaxes.begantothinkaboutⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Wemayevenhaveexpectationsthattheybeendlessrepositoriesofskillandknowledgefromwhichwemaypartakeatwill.我们甚至可能期望他们是技能与知识的宝库,取之不尽,我们可以随意享用。Thefruitoftheseseeminglydryqualities(whichwepreferadmireinothers)isthesatisfactionofhavingtastedthefullnessofcompletion,orthethrillofmeetingadifficultchallengewithsuccess.这些看似枯燥的品质(我们常常羡慕别人拥有它们),给我们带来的是圆满完成某事后的满足感,或者接受一个挑战并且胜出后所感到的兴奋。Beyondthewell-pavedroadsandsecurestructuresweusuallybuildforourselvesliedemons,unsurefooting—andunfeltpleasures.在铺好的坦途和我们通常会为自己造好的坚固建筑之外,有潜伏的让我们担心的事，不确定的事----以及我们从未感受过的快乐。Togodeepermaymeantobestill,toprogressmorepatiently,ortodevotemoretimetootherareasofourlivesasyetgreenandimmature.继续深入可能意味着停滞不前，意味着更加耐心地向前走，或者意味着往我们人生中其他尚不成熟的领域投入更多的时间。Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1、他的父母对他有很高的期望，他感到压力很大（feelweighted）Hefeltheavilyweightedwithsuchhighexpectationsfromhisparents.2、他用积极的观点来解释这件事（in…light）Heinterpretedtheincidentinafavorablelight.3、我很讨厌他，因为他特别喜欢诽谤他人（gooutofone'sway）Idetesthim,forheoftengoesoutofhislightwaytobackbiteothers.4、许多宗教的教义敦促人们超越尘世的成功（mundane）Manyreligiousteachingsurgepeopletotranscendmundanesuccess.5、个人的主动性是促进事业发展的要素之一（initiative）Personalinitiativeisoneoftheessentialelementsinpromotingyourcareer.6、我认为填鸭式教育不是好的教学方法（spoon-feed）Idon'tthinkitisagoodmethodofteachingtospoon-feedstudents.7、我将全力以赴在下个月之前完成这项任务，因为我不想有不遵守诺言的污名（stigma）Iwillsparenoeffortstoaccomplishthetaskbytheendofnextmonth,forIdon'twanttosufferfromthestigmaofhavingbrokenmypromise.8、我得到了许多与教育新政策相关的信息（pertinent）I'vegotmuchinformationpertinenttothenewpolicyineducation.Unit14Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.ShesaidIwaswastingmytimetalkingtoher;shewasjustpassingthroughformorethantwoweeks.shetoldmethatIwasmistaken.Iwaswastingmytimetalkingtoher.Shewasnothomelesswhostayedatthebusstation,althoughshehadbeenthereformorethantwoweeks.2.Ilovemyhomewithaferocitytotallyoutofproportiontoitsappearanceorlocation.Althoughmyhomeisnotsodecentanditisnotlocatedinanadvantageousplace,Istillhavestronganddeeploveforit.3.Butsomeseentowantsomethingthatisnotavailableinshelters,andtheywillnotcompromise,notforacot,oroatmeal,orashowerwithspecialsoapthatkillsthebugs.Whatsomepeoplewantisabsentinshelter,sotheywon`tgiveuptheirdemandsjustforfacilitiesofferedthere.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Shewassomebody.personwithanidentity2.I`mnotsimplytalkaboutshelterfromtheelements,orthreesquaremealsadayoramailingaddresstowhichthewelfarepeoplecansendthecheck—althoughIknowthatalltheseareimportantforsurvival.badweather;threenourishingmeals3.Ilovemyhomewithaferocitytotallyoutofproportiontoitsappearanceorlocation.totallynotbecauseof4.ButinthemainIthinkweworkaroundit,justaswewalkarounditwhenitislyingonthesidewalkorsittinginthebusterminal—theproblem,thatis.generally,onthewhole5.SometimesIthinkwewouldbebetteroffifweforgotaboutthebroadstrokesandconcentratedonthedetails.thegeneralnotionⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.1.ThisAmericanauthorhaschosentoliveinrelativeanonymityonaPacificisland.(anonymous)2.Thestillnessofthenightwasbrokenbytheferociousbarkingofadog.(ferocity)3.Newinfectiousdiseases,suchasAIDSandherpes,haveunpredictablyappeared.(predictability)4.Idon`tthinkwecanaffordthecostofrepairingtheleakyroof.(leak)5.Aspoonfulofsugarhelpsthemedicinegodown.(spoon)6.Itwasdamnedunfairthatthevillagersshouldsuffersomuch.(damn)7.Hewasconvictionofcorruption,andwillbedisqualifiedfromofficeforsevenyears.(qualify)8.Thistrainwillterminateatthenextstop—passengerswhowishtocontinueshouldchangetrains.(terminal)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.They`rethekindofparentswhoharpontheterribleexpensesofeverything.keepsaying2.Itrusthimtodotherightthingandwillbequitehappytofallinwithanythinghemightsuggest.acceptTheywerethesortofpeoplewhotwenty-fiveyearsagowouldhavebeendeferredtobecausetheyweregents.respected4.Theharshrealitiesofthebadolddayswereneveralludedto.mentioned5.Howevercoolandcontainedyouthinkyou`rebeing,thereisahostoflittletelltalegesturesandexpressionsthatgiveyouaway.disclose6.Increasingly,smokingisfrownedoninpublicbuildings.disapproved7.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged.bear8.Thenewlyindustrializednationsaregearingthemselvesupforentryintointernationalmarkets.gettingthemselvesreadyⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.I`mnotsimplytalkaboutshelterfromtheelements,orthreesquare