2019届虹口区高考英语二模

2019届虹口区高考英语二模第页虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2019.4考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。=1\*ROMANI.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Atanairport. B.Onaplane. C.Onabus. D.Inadepartmentstore.2. A.Heissufferingapainintheneck. B.Hisroommatewalksinhissleep. C.Hisroommate’sbedisalwaysinamess. D.Hedoesn’tlikesharingaroomwithanyone.3. A.Thewomanwasfullyabsorbedinthemovie. B.Thewomanlostherwaytothecinemathatevening. C.Thewomancouldn’tunderstandthemovieverywell. D.Themoviewasnobetterthanwhatthewomanhadimagined.4. A.$160. B.$50. C.$120. D.$150. 5. A.Hereallylikeshiswife’snewhairstyle. B.Hiswifedidn’ttakehissensibleadvice. C.Hedidn’twanttocuthiswife’slonghair. D.Hiswifeoftencomplainsabouteverything.6. A.Puzzled. B.Regretful. C.Angry. D.Relieved.7. A.Ajoboffer. B.Anentryform. C.Anexcellentrésumé. D.Thepositionofsystemengineer.8. A.Mr.Jamestalksalotaboutgardening. B.Mr.Jameslikesboastingofhiscleverness. C.ThewomanisnotinterestedinwhatMr.Jamessays. D.Mr.Jamesisn’tverystraightforwardinwhathesays.9. A.Theelderlyareexpertatusingapps. B.Theelderlydon’tknowhowtouseapps. C.Theelderlycanhelptodevelopsmartapps. D.Theappdeveloperscan’taffordtoignoretheelderly.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第1页。10. A.Mr.Johnson’sideasarenonsense.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第1页。 B.HequiteagreeswithMr.Johnson’sviews. C.Hehashisownopinionsonsocialwelfare. D.Mr.Johnsonisskillfulinexpressinghisideas. SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Inmulti-culturalcountries. B.Indevelopingcountries.C.Indevelopedcountries. D.Indensely-populatedcountries.12. A.Lackofcommunicationfacilities. B.Temporaryshelter.C.Powerfailure. D.Noaccesstorecreation.13. A.Featuresofdifferenttypesofpoverty. B.Approachestopovertyelimination. C.Changesinthreepovertycategories. D.Waystocalculatethepovertyline.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Becauseofthecoursematerials. B.Becauseofthediscussiontopics. C.Becauseofothers’misuseoftechnology. D.Becauseofarulethespeakermadeforhisclass.15. A.Thespeaker’shistoryclassreceivedlowassessment. B.Thestudentsthinkhighlyofthespeaker’shistoryclass. C.Thespeakermadetherulebecausehewasagainsttechnology. D.Thespeakermadetherulejustbecauseofhisunpleasantexperiences.16. A.Itmayimproveteachingandoffermorehelp. B.Itmayallowstudentstogetonwellwitheachother. C.Itmaydistractstudentsfrombeinginvolvedinclass. D.Itmayhelpstudentstobetterunderstandcomplexthemes.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Shebumpedintoacoffeetable. B.Shechattedwiththecafeowner. C.Shetalkedwithsomeonesheknew. D.Shewaslisteningtoalivelydebate.18. A.Newspapersweregivenouttocustomers. B.Anentrancefeewaschargedforgettingin. C.Itwasthemeetingplacefordebatingclubs.D.ItwasfirststartedinOxfordinthe16thcentury.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第2页。19. A.Partlyright. B.Extremelyinteresting.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第2页。 C.Veryunfair. D.Abitunreasonable.20. A.Byprovidingfreelaptopsforuse. B.Bymakingsofascomfortabletositon. C.Byengagingtheminstimulatingconversation. D.Bytransportingcustomerstovariousdestinations.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBestWayofLosingWeightForgetwhattheskinnymoviestarsandtheTVadvertssay-losingweightishardwork.(21)______youdoitthroughexercise,diet,orabitofboth,it’sextremelychallengingtolosethosepoundsandthentokeepthemoff.Sometimesitcaninvolve(22)______(change)hugepartsofyourday-to-daylifeanditcanmeanbreakingdecades-oldhabits.Butitturnsoutthere’sonelittlethingyou(23)______dotohelpyouachieveyourgoalandit’sgotnothingtodowithfoodorexercise.TheexpertsatWeightWatchersdidresearchwhichshowsmanyoftheirmembersweremoresuccessfuland(24)______(discouraged)whentheysharedregularupdatesontheirnewhealthylifestyleonline.Theyfoundpeoplewhosharedadiaryoftheirdailyliveswithfriendsandfollowerswerestimulatedandinspiredbypositivefeedback(25)______theylostsomepoundsandkeptthemoff.Morethan50percentofpeoplesaidthesupportofaweightlosscommunitywascrucialwhenitcame(26)______changingtheireatinghabitsand53percentsharedphotosoftheirmealsonsocialmedia.Withthisknowledgeundertheirbelts,WeightWatchers(27)______(launch)aseriesofshortfilmslatelywhichshowpeoplerecordingtheirdailyweightlossjourney.OneofthememberswhosharedherjourneywasDanielleDuggins,andhervideoshowsherenjoyingarangeofhealthymealsandafewtreats,while(28)______(play)withherchildren.Thecompany’smarketingdirectorClaudiaNichollssaid:“Thesupportofacommunityhasalwaysprovedtobeaneffectivewayofformingandsustaininghealthyhabits,buttherehasneverbeenaneasierormoreaffordableway(29)______(tap)intothepowerofthecrowdforsupportandinspirationwiththeexplosionofonlinecommunities.WeightWatchersownsasocialcommunityformembers,Connect,(30)______seesover14,000dailypostsintheUKalone,andprovidesourmemberswithinstantaccesstoacommunityofpeoplewhoareonsimilarjourneystothem.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.engagedC.disastrousD.hotspotsE.targetF.victimG.interwovenH.inevitableI.continuousJ.resolveK.risky2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第3页。WhyBikeTheftIsNotTakenSeriously?2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第3页。Formanypeopleabicycleistheonlytransporttheycanaffordanditisveryconvenientforthemtouse.Therefore,theimpactofthelossoftheirbikecanbe__31__.Butwhyiscycletheftsooftenseenasaminorcrime?Accordingtothepolice,96,210bikeswerestolenin2018,andaboutonein50bicycle-owninghouseholdsfall__32__tocyclethefteachyear.Thosewhocanaffordasecondbikemighthavea“beater”,acheapbiketheyleavein__33__areas,andcanaffordtolose—butthosewhocannotmakebothendsmeet,andlivebelowthepovertylinewillfindthemselvescorneredbybiketheft.AccordingtoasurveyforBikeRegister,50%ofvictimsfeltpolicedidn’tinvestigatethecrime,whilethose__34__incycletheftseeitaslowriskintermsofbeingcaught.Policerecoverjust3%ofstolenbikes.Infact,theproblemisalmostcertainlymuchgreater:Peopleoftendon’treportitthinkingthere’snothingthepolicecando,sothefull__35__oftheproblemremainshidden.CyclecrimehotspotswereidentifiedasCambridge,Oxford,Southampton,Bristol,etc.Mostcycletheftsoccurnearorinpeople’shomes,butthievesalso__36__transporthubs(中心，枢纽)anduniversitycampuses.Inthemeantime,thepolicehavecomeupwithawayto__37__theissue.Training23officersinregionalcyclecrimetaskforcesispartofanationalcyclecrimestrategy,__38__withmeasureslikeeducationonsafelockingtechniques,workingwithwebsiteswheremorethanhalfofstolenbikesaresold,andidentifyingcycletheft__39__andpriorities.Ifabikeisstolen,thereisabouta20%chancethevictimwillnotreplaceit,losingtheirtransport,exercise,andpotentialaccesstolocalcommunitiesandservice.Itiswidelyacceptedthatpolice’s__40__effortisfundamentaltoadropincycletheft.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Technologyisplayingavitalroleinpreservationandecologyresearch.Drones(无人机)holdhuge__41__inthefighttosavetheworld’sremainingwildlifefromextinction.Soresearcherscannowtrackwildanimalsthroughdenseforestsandmonitorwhalesinvastoceans.It’sestimatedthat

uptofivelivingspeciesbecomeextincteveryday,makingiturgentthatuniversitiesdevelopnewtechnologiestocapturethedatathatcanpersuade__42__toact.TheBritishInternationalEducationAssociationhostedaconferenceinJanuaryto__43__theimportanceoftechnologicalsolutionsinprotectingvulnerable(易受伤害的)speciesandecosystems.Speakersunderlinedhowtechnologycanhelp__44__:dronescancirclehighabovetheoceantospotwhales,whilecertaincamerascanidentifymembersofanindividualspecies.AccordingtoClaudioSillero,biologyprofessoratOxfordUniversity,technologyischanginghowpreservationresearchisdone—butit’sina(n)__45__way.Astechnologygetsbetterandcheaper,researchersbecomebetteratdoingwhattheywerealreadydoing.__46__,remotesensingusedtobeaverytechnicaltoolbutisnowwidespread,andeveryoneusesglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)forsurveying.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第4页。Butteachingpreservationandecologycoursesinuniversity__47__.Someteachdronesurveyingmethodsindepthwhileothersdon’tevenmentionthem.“Thefactis,usingdronesisquitea(n)__48__totheinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)‘unknown’ofengineering,andpotentiallyanareawherelecturersmaynotfeelconfidenttoteachyet,”SergeWich,anexpertinprimatebiologysays.“Studentsaretaughtabout__49__technologiessuchasautomaticsoundrecorders,butdronesareoftenmissingfromuniversityteaching.Consequently,droneuseamongresearchersisstillfairly__50__andfocusedongettingphotos.”2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第4页。Wich’steamofresearchersusedtechniquestodevelopafullyautomateddronetechnologysystemthat__51__andmonitorsthehealthofendangeredanimalsglobally.It’sdesignedtobecheap,stableandsimpletouse,sothatlocalcommunitiesindevelopingcountriescanoperateit__52__withouttechnicalbackground.Yetit’snotmorewidelyusedonthegroundsofresearchers’lackofskillstousethistechnology.Inbiology,wheredronesareused,fewcanprogramanalgorithm(算法)specificallyfortheirpreservationorresearchproblem.“There’smuchthatneedstobedoneto__53__thosetwoworldsandtomakeAImoreuser-friendlysothatpeoplewhocan’tprogramcanstillusethetechnology,”Wichsays.__54__,thesadtruthisthatbettertechnologyalonewillnotsaveanymorespeciesfromdyingout,Greengrasswarns.“Ashumanpopulationsincrease,sodothreatsandpressureonwildplaces.Preservationistsare__55__fornotdoingenoughbutit’softenanissueofpeople,conflictandgovernance.”Technologymayhelpprovidefargreaterknowledge,butgovernmentsstillneedtoact.41. A.shortage B.threats C.potential D.responsibilities42. A.researchers B.authorities C.oponents D.professionals43. A.highlight B.overlook C.assess D.calculate44. A.education B.preparation C.preservation D.distinction45. A.evolutionary B.flexible C.virtual D.dramatic46. A.Asaresult B.Inconclusion C.Onthecontrary D.Forexample47. A.differs B.equals C.multiplies D.struggles48. A.obstacle B.leap C.equivalent D.exception49. A.ill-intentioned B.fully-prepared C.well-established D.narrowly-applied50. A.definite B.vague C.simple D.limited51. A.controls B.tracks C.supervises D.improves52. A.earnestly B.independently C.secretly D.impersonally53. A.bridge B.fix C.dismiss D.grasp54. A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise55. A.fired B.insulted C.qualified D.criticizedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ADifferentKindofSpringBreakFormanyAmericanuniversitystudents,theweek-longspringbreakholidaymeansanendlesspartonasunnybeachinFloridaorMexico.InPanamaCityBeach,Florida,acitywithapermanentpopulationofapproximately36,000,morethanhalfamillionuniversitystudentsarriveduringthemonthofMarchtoplayandparty,makingitthenumberonespringbreakdestinationintheUnitedStates.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第5页。Aweek-longdrinkingbingeisnotforeveryone,however,andagrowingnumberofAmericanuniversitystudentshavefoundawaytomakespringbreakmatter.Forthem,joiningorleadingagroupofvolunteerstotravellocallyorinternationallyandworktoaddressproblemssuchaspoverty,homelessness,orenvironmentaldamagemakesspringbreakauniquelearningexperiencethatuniversitystudentscanfeelgoodat.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第5页。Duringonespringbreakweek,studentsatJamesMadisonUniversityinVirginiaparticipatedin15“alternativespringbreak”tripstonearbystates,threeotherstomoredistantpartsoftheUnitedStates,andfiveinternationaltrips.OnegroupofJMUstudentstraveledtoBogalusa,Louisiana,tohelprebuildhomesdamagedbyHurricaneKatrina.AnothergrouptraveledtoMississippitoorganizecreativeactivitiesforchildrenlivinginahomelessshelter.OnegroupofstudentsdidgotoFlorida,butnottolieonthesand.TheyperformedexhaustingphysicallaborsuchasmaintainingrovinginvasiveplantspeciesthatthreatenthenativeFloridaecosystem.Studentswhoparticipateinalternativespringbreakprojectsfindthemveryrewarding.Whilemostuniversitystudentshavetogettheirdegreesbeforetheycanstarthelpingpeople,studentvolunteersareabletohelppeoplenow.Ontheotherhand,theaccommodationsarefarfromglamorous.Studentsoftensleeponthefloorofaschoolorchurch,orspendtheweekcampingintents.Butstudentsonlypayaround$250formealsandtransportation,whichismuchlessthansomeoftheirpeersspendtotraveltomoretraditionalspringbreakhotspot.HowmanyuniversitystudentstraveltoPanamaBeachCityeveryMarchforspringbreak?A.Around36,000. B.Around50,000.C.Around500,000. D.Around10,000.Theunderlinedword“binge”inparagraph2probablymeans______.A.doingtoomuchofsomething B.studyingfortoolongC.refusingtodosomething D.havingverylittlealcohol58.Whichofthefollowinggivesthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.OnegroupofJMUstudentsworkedonhomesdamagedbyahurricane.B.Childrenlivinginhomelesssheltersenjoycreativeactivities.C.Somestudentsworktohelptheenvironmentonalternativespringbreaktrips.D.Universitystudentsdodifferenttypesofworkonalternativespringbreaktrips.59.Whatisimpliedinthisarticleisthat______.A.universitystudentsspendmorethan$250fortraditionalspringbreaktripsB.universitystudentscomplainabouttheaccommodationsonalternativespringbreaktripsC.universitystudentsmaytakefeweralternativespringbreaktripsinthefutureD.universitystudentswouldprefertowaituntiltheyhavetheirdegreestostarthelpingpeople(B)Cropping(修剪)anImageWiththeSnapShotProgramWelcometotheworldofphoto-editing!2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第6页。Croppinganimageallowsyoutozeroinon(对准，聚焦)justtheportionthatisimportanttoyourproject.Forexample,youmaywanttoinsertanimageofacoveredtraininareportbutmaynotwanttoincludethewholetrain.Croppingtheimageallowsyoutoselectonlythesmallareayouwishtoretain(保留)andeliminateallotherportionsoftheoriginalpicture.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第6页。Option1:CroppingbyPlacingtheImageinaShapeScreenShot1UsingoneofSnapShot’sstandardshapesasaphoto-editingtoolrequiresnospecialabilities.Tocropanimagewithastandardshape:ScreenShot1ClickCropping&OrientationfromtheEffectsmenu.Clicktoselectoneofthesixshapestoframeyourimage.Usethemousepointertodrawaframearoundtheportionoftheimageyouwishtoretain.Re-sizetheframebydraggingtheshape’ssizinghandles.Whenyouaresatisfiedwiththeresults,clickCutIt.SnapShotwillautomaticallyreturntotheprojectthatisopen.(Youmayalsocopyorcutthecroppedimageandpasteitintoanotherapplication.)Option2:FreehandCroppingofanImageScreenShot2ScreenShot2ClickFreehandCropfromtheCropping&OrientationoptionontheEffectsmenu.Usingthemousepointer,tracearoundtheshapeyouwanttocrop.Besuretocompletelyenclosetheimagebyendingatthesameplaceyoubeganoutlining.ClickCutIt.SnapShotwillautomaticallyreturntotheprojectthatisopen.60.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.describethefeaturesofSnapShotB.explainhowtouseSnapShottoselectsectionsofapictureC.showthatSnapShotisaneasytooltouseD.discusshowtousethefeaturesofSnapShot61.ToperformOption2,oneshouldfirst______.A.selecttheimage B.usethemousepointertodrawaframeC.selectCropping&OrientationfromtheEffectsmenuD.re-sizetheframebydraggingthesizinghandlesontheshape62.Whyisfreehandcroppingdiscussedaftercroppingwithshapes?A.Tointroduceasimplertechniquebeforemovingontoamorecomplexone.B.Toproceedfromamoreusefultechniquetoonewithfewerpracticalapplications.C.Toordertheoptionsalphabetically.D.Toarrangethetext,makingspaceforthescreenshots.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第7页。(C)2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第7页。WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyreporteachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisatraditionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardpatterns”ofthenewsroomseemforeigntomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite(精英),sotheirworktendstoreflectthetraditionalvaluesofthiselite.Thealarmingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyconflictofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiums(讨论会)andacredibilityprojectdevotedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassprejudicesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.63.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.B.Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.C.Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.D.Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.64.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.A.quitetrustworthy B.somewhatconflictingC.veryinformative D.rathershallow65.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.A.workingattitude B.traditionallifestyleC.worldoutlook D.educationalbackground2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第8页。66.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits______.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第8页。A.failuretorealizeitsrealproblem B.tendencytohireannoyingreportersC.likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting D.prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.Insomecases,wethairmayactuallybeahelpfulsleepaid.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine.Theremaybesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair.

Anotherwet-hairrumor(谣传)istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you’veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyou’vehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhairorskin.What’sthetruth?Let’saddressthe“itcanmakeyousick”mythfirst.“(67)______”saysDr.WilliamSchaffner,aprofessorofmedicine.Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.It’struethatyou’remuchmorelikelytocatchacommoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowiththewaysrespiratory(呼吸的)virusesspread,hesays.(68)______Illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon’tappearnaturally,andsoyou’renotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.Butthereisapossibleexception.Some

research

hasshownthatpillows—especiallythosemadewithsyntheticmaterials—cancontainasthma-orallergy-triggeringmolds(哮喘或致敏菌)andfungus,whichtendtodowellindampenvironments,andsododustmites,saysDr.PayelGupta,aspokespersonfortheAmericanLungAssociation.Guptasaysthere’snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms.(69)______Butifyouwakeupwithastuffynose,itchyorwateryeyes,breathingproblemsorotherallergyorasthmasymptoms—orevenifyoudon’t—youshouldwashyourpillowcasesandsheetsinhotwateratleastonceaweektoreduceyourexposuretoanypotentialirritants(刺激物).Whenitcomestothehealthofyourhairandskin,theremaybeafewotherreasonstoworryaboutwethair.“Generally,it’sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet,”saysDr.GeorgeCotsarelis,aprofessorofdermatology(皮肤病学),“(70)______”It’salsoworthnotingthatalmostanythingyoudotoyourhair—frombrushingandblow-dryingittocoloringitorexposingittothesun—\t"/5532533/is-it-bad-to-sleep-with-wet-hair/_blank"candamageit.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第9页。71.Whatcomesfirst:theoptimismorthegoodhealth?2019届虹口区高考英语二模全文共15页，当前为第9页。Optimism,definedasthegeneralexpectationthatthefuturewillbefavorable,couldprovidewaystoimprovehealth,someresearchersbelieve.Butscientistsremainunsureifoptimismgoesaheadofhealthimprovements,orviceversa.Arecentstudysuggeststhatmostpeoplecan’thelpbuttothinkoptimistically.ThisstudywasconductedbyEdO’Brien,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Thefindingssuggestthatpeoplehaveanaturaltendencytothinkpositivelyabouttheirfuture.Participantswereaskedtocreatealistofimaginarypersonalexperiencesthatwouldmakethemhappyorunhappyoverthecourseofthenextyear.Theythenrankedhowdifficultitwastoplanthatlistandhowhappytheybelievedtheywouldbeinthefutureoverall.Theeasieritwasforpeopletothinkofpositivefutureexperiences,thehappiertheyimaginedtheywouldbe.However,therewasnorelationshipbetweeneasilydevelopingnegativefutureexperiencesandexpectingtobeunhappyasaresult.O’Brienconcludedthatpeopleseemtodiscountthepossibilitythatfuturenegativeeventswillmakethemhappyoverall,suggestingthatoptimismmightcomemorenaturally.“We’renotasusedtothinkingaboutthefutureintermsofthingsthataregoingtogowrong.”O’Brien’sstudyisoneofmanytofindthatpeopleareconsistentlyoptimisticabouttheirfuture,predictingpleasantexperiencesanddiscountingunpleasantones.Ifoptimismmayleadtobetterhealthandpeople