2018届宝山区高考英语二模

2018届宝山区高考英语二模1/22018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第1页。宝山区2017学年第二学期期末2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第1页。高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowMuchoftheJetsons’WorldHasBecomeaReality?Formostofourreaders,TheJetsonsmaybeanunfamiliarname.However,formanyAmericanborninorbeforethe1980s,itisanamewefondlyremember.TheJetsonswasapopularcartoonthatfeaturedafamilylivinginanadvancedworld___21___peoplesettleinhousesbuiltinthesky,workonlythreedaysaweekanddriveflyingcarsthatresembleflyingsaucers.Whilesky-highhousesandthree-dayworkweeksdon’tappeartobeonthehorizon,othervisionsofthefuture___22___〔turn〕intopracticalrealities.Flyingcarshavebeenonthemindsofscientistsandinventorsfordecades.Theyarepartofatypicalimagingofthefuturefast-pacedandluxurious,___23___〔allow〕ustospeedthroughtheskies.As___24___〔see〕inTheSky’sNolongertheLimit,thisflightoffancymaysoonbearealityinDubai.Aiming___25___〔become〕theworld’smostadvancedcity,Dubaiiscurrentlytestingthefirst-everflyingtaxi.___26___moneystillexistsinitscurrentcash-basedforminTheJetsons,peopletodayarelookingtowardaworldwhereevencashisout-of-date.Bitcoinisatypeofdigitalmoneythathastakentheworldbystorm.Sinceitsintroduction,themoney’sprice___27___〔increase〕toratesashighasUS$19,000.This,however,maynotpredictwellforthefutureofdigitalcurrency,asexpertswarnthatBitcoinisabubbleand___28___crashsoon.It’spossiblethatsomedreamsofthefuturemaystillbe___29_________ourreach.Othermoreprobabletechnologiesalreadyexist,forexample,futureflyingeyehospitalsinAHospitalwithWings,unusual-engineeredfoldingpaperinCleverFoldingandthepopulationofendangeredcorals〔珊瑚〕inLab-BredCoraltotheRescue,etc.Alltheseshow___30___humansarealreadycapableof.So,whatelsecouldthefuturehaveinstoreforus?SectionBDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.adaptedB.harderC.alternativesD.featuresE.cooperationF.questionsG.accuracyH.capturedI.regardlessJ.oppositeK.analyzingComputerreadsbrainactivitytofindoutthemusiceachpersonislisteningtoIntheexperiment,sixvolunteersheard40piecesofclassicalmusic,rock,pop,jazz,andothers.TheNeural〔神经的〕fingerprintofeachsongonparticipants’brainwas___31___bytheMagneticResonance〔MR〕machinewhileacomputerwaslearningtoidentifythebrainpatternsdrawnoutbyeachmusicalpiece.Musical___32___suchastone,volume,rhythmandbeatweretakeninaccountbythecomputer.Afterthat,researchersexpectedthatthecomputerwouldbeabletodothe___33___way:identifywhichsongparticipantswerelisteningto,basedontheirbrainactivity–atechniqueknownasbraindecoding.Whenfacedtwooptions,thecomputershowedupto85%___34___inidentifyingthecorrectsong,whichisagreatperformance,comparingtopreviousstudies.Researchersthenpushedthetesteven___35___byprovidingnottwobut10options〔e.g.onecorrectandninewrong〕tothecomputer.Inthissituation,thecomputercorrectlyidentifiedthesongin74%ofthedecisions.Inthefuture,studiesonbraindecodingandmachinelearningwillcreatepossibilitiesofcommunication___36___anykindofwrittenorspokenlanguage."Machineswillbeabletotranslateourmusicalthoughtsinto2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第2页。songs,〞saysSebastianHoefle,researcherfromD’OrInstituteandPhDstudentfromFederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil.Thestudyisaresultofa___37___betweenBrazilianresearchersandcolleaguesfromGermany,FinlandandIndia.2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第2页。AccordingtoHoefle,braindecodingresearchesprovide___38___tounderstandneuralfunctioningandinteractwithitusingartificialintelligence.Inthefuture,heexpertstofindanswersfor___39___like"whatmusicalcharacteristicsmakesomepeopleloveasongwhileothersdon’t?Isourbrain___40___topreferaspecifickindofmusic?〞Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Havingaclearpictureinmindofwhattheirfuturewilllooklikecanmotivatestudentstokeepgoingdespitethechallengesofcollegelife.This___41___seemstobeparticularlyeffectiveforfemalestudentsfromrelativelylowsocioeconomicstatus〔SES〕backgroundssaysMesminDestinofNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.Collegeisatimeofgreatopportunityforsome,butcanbe___42___forothers.Itisoftenthefirsttimethatmanystudentsareawayfromtheregularandfamiliarsupportoftheirfamilyandfriends.WeakstudentsfromlowerSESbackgroundsoftenencountergreaterfinancialandpsychologicalchallengesthanothers,andthiscanleadto___43___andevenwithdrawalfromdifficultsituations,suchaswheninteractingwiththeirlecturersortakingtestsandexams.Destinandhiscolleagueswantedtounderstandifstudents’___44___toacademicchallengesimprovewhentheylookforwardtothefuture.Thisideaisbuiltaroundthetheoryofidentity-basedmotivation.Itholdsthatpeoplecantakepositiveactionduringtimesofunfavorableconditionswhenthey___45___asuccessfulfutureforthemselves."Thetheoryofidentity-basedmotivationproposesthatstimulatingafocusonasuccessfulfutureidentitymaybeespecially___46___inmotivatingstudentswhoareweakduringchallengingacademicsituationstodevelopasenseofactionreadiness,〞explainsDestin.Thisinvolvesfeelingreadyandabletotakeappropriateactionwhen___47___difficulty.Intwoalmostidenticallaboratoryexperiments—oneinvolving93femalestudents,theother185students〔including101women〕--participantswerefirstaskedeithertowriteabouttheirpastortheirfuture___48___.Aftertheirdeepthoughts,theparticipantswerefilmedduringanlimitedinterviewwithaso-calledlecturer,andthenhadto___49___adifficultacademictest.Theresearchteamnotedwhetherparticipants’bodylanguagewasboldandconfident,andmeasuredtheamountofeffortparticipants’___50___theacademictest.Theresultswereinagreementwiththetheoryofidentity–basedmotivation.DestinandhisteamfoundthathavingasuccessfulfutureidentitycanpreventespeciallyfemalestudentsfromlowerSESbackgroundsfrom___51___duringchallengingacademicsituations.Specially,lowerSESwomenwhowroteabouttheirfutureidentitiesdisplayedgreateraction___52___comparedtothosewhoconsideredtheirpast.Theyshowedmoreconfidentbodylanguage.Ithelpedthemtomakemoreefforttotacklethetest,andhadanindirecteffectontheir___53___."Simulatingimaginedsuccessfulfutureidentitiesappearstoprovidea___54___pathwaytoenableweakstudentstoeffectivelynavigateeverydaystressors,〞saysDestin."Thefindings___55___suggestthatcertainstudentsmaybenefitfromstrategiesthatremindthemtoimagetheirsuccessfulfuturesbeforeanydifficultandimportanttaskthattheymightotherwisebelikelytoavoid.〞41.A.instruction B.strategy C.challenge D.psychology42.A.disgraceful B.shameful C.harmful D.stressful43.A.hesitation B.intention C.depression D.decision44.A.willingness B.options C.responses D.applications2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第3页。45.A.destroy B.imagine C.abandon D.substitute2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第3页。46.A.powerful B.upright C.unique D.ambitious47.A.avoiding B.overcoming C.surrendering D.encountering48.A.experience B.suffering C.success D.failure49.A.design B.complete C.commentD.revise50.A.putaway B.puton C.putout D.putinto51.A.withdrawing B.transforming C.advancing D.engaging52.A.quantity B.dullness C.readiness D.inability53.A.fascination B.ignorance C.dilemma D.performance54.A.tolerable B.potential C.straight D.academic55.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.meanwhileSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.〔A〕Ibelieveingettinglost.Lostinthetextofthenovelthatisparticulartoyourthoughtsandfeelingsthatyouconsiderspecial.Thesongthatremindsyouofyourchildhoodsummers,whereyoucloseyoureyesandloseyourselfrelivingamemory;feelingthewarmwindbrushingagainstyourarm,thesmellofthedustysandthatyoustirupasyourideyourbicycle,murmuringthetuneofthatsong.LiketheunpreparedSundayDrive,withnodestination.You’refreetowander,takepathsthatyou’venevernoticed,discoverplacesyouhaven’tbeen.Thenfallingoffonthepathtoleadyoubackhome,leavingyoutotestdirectionsandalertlyabsorbyoursurroundingsinordertofindyourwayback;thatkindoflost.Igetlostdaily,whetherit’sinthought,ortheunplanneddriveIjustdecidedtogoon.Gettinglostisanadventurouslearningexperiencethattrainsyouhowtobemoreawareofyoursurroundings.Afewofmymostfavoritememoriesinvolvephysicallygettinglost.ThatonelatenighttripbacktoLudingtonfromGrandRapidsItookwithafewfriends.WefinallyrealizedweweregoingthewrongwaywhenwehitSouthHaven,almostthreehoursoutofourway.TherewasalsothetimewhereIgotlostintheDeVosPlaceinGrandRapidsafterthePresident’sBallandthentheparkinggarageforasolidtwohours.IfeltlikemylifewasthatonesceneofanAmericantelevisionsituationcomedy,minustheairconditioner.Atthetime,thesearenervousexperiencesthatgetyouranxietypumping.You’refearfulthatyouwon’tbesafe,butitalwaysworksitselfoutintheend.Physicallylosingyourselfpreparesyouforhowyoumanagewhenyouemotionallyormentallyloseyourself.Youdon’talwayshavetobelostinaliteralsenseto"getlost〞andsomeofthetime,losingyourselfmaynotbeapositiveexperience.TherearetimeswhereIlosesightofwhoIam.Whilelost,Itestourmetaphoricalpathsandsometimestheyturnouttobetherightdirectionandothertimestheywereawrongturn.Imakenoteofthesewrongturns,soIcanavoidthemfurtheronuptheroadoffindingmywaybacktowhoIam.InWalden,HenryDavidThoreauwrote"Nottillwearelost,inotherwordsnottillwehavelosttheworld,dowebegintofindourselves,andrealizewhereweareandtheinfiniteextentofourrelations.〞Gettinglostfuelsmycuriosityandteachesmelessonsonfindingmywaybacktotherighttrack.Ibelieveingettinglostthroughdaydreams,amisplacement,adventures,anddifficulttimeswhereyoumakediscoveriesaboutyourselfandtheatmospherearoundyou.Inordertotrulyfindyourself,Ibelievethatyoushouldputdownthemapandgetwonderfullylost.56.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormainlyexpressesthat______.A.lostinanovelisaspecialfeeling B.songsremindusofpastexperiencesC.wanderingisawonderfuldiscovery D.gettinglostbringsusbenefits57.Theauthormentionstheexperiencesofphysicallygettinglost〔inparagraph2〕inordertosay_______.2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第4页。A.physicallygettinglostismostdifficulttodealwith2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第4页。B.wecanenjoytripswhilephysicallygettinglostC.peopleareeasytogetphysicallylostinourdailylifeD.werealizeoursurroundingswhilephysicallygettinglost58.WordsfromHenryDavidThoreau〔inthelastparagraph〕implythatgettinglost______.A.enablesustolookwithinandtoseeoutwardB.pullspeoplebackintothepreviousmomentC.enablesustoremindourselvesofadventuresD.helpsusenjoyourselveswhereverweare59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.IOnceWasLost B.WonderfullyLostC.PhysicallyGettingLost D.MentallyGettingLost〔B〕TwointhreeAmericansshoweronceadayormore,accordingtoaYouGovpoll.Here’swhyyoumightbebetteroffshoweringlessfrequently〔andhereareotherwaysyoumightbeshoweringwrong〕60.What’sthewholepassagemainlyabout?A.Reasonsyoucanprobablygetawaywithshoweringless.B.Adviceyoucantakeonhowtoshowermoreandbetter.C.Harmfuleffectsmadeonyouthroughshoweringless.D.Benefitsyoucangetfromshoweringonadailybasis.61.ThispassageprovidesuswiththefollowingfurtherdetailedinformationExcept___.A.thebesttimeofdaytoshower B.thepropertemperatureforyourshowerC.theotherwaysyoushowerwrong D.theotherwaystocutyourwaterbill62.WhichofthefollowingisNotareasonwhyyoushouldshowerless?A.Showeringgetsridofgoodbacteria.B.You’reabsolutelyasdirtyasyouthink.C.Toweldryingcausesdamagetoyourskin.D.Youonlyreallyneedtowashyoursmellyparts.〔C〕Socialnormsofrightandwrongarevitaltoawell-functioningsociety.However,suchmoralstandardsarechangeableandthepsychologicalmechanisms〔机制〕drivingthischangeareunknown.Now,researchersatKarolinskaInstitutetreportthatourviewofselfishandunselfishbehaviorschangesdependingonhowcommontheyare.Theresultsarebasedonacombinationofbehavioralexperiments,mathematicalmodelsandcomputersimulations.Intheexperiments,theparticipantsfirstobservedotherpeople’sbehaviorinaso-called"publicgoodsgame,〞inwhichplayersreceiveasumofmoneyandthenchooseeithertoinvestittovaryingdegreessothatitbenefitseveryoneinthegroup,ortokeepitforthemselves.Aftereveryround,theparticipantswereaskedtojudgethedifferentchoicesasmorallyrightorwrong,andwhetherthechoicesoughttobepunishedwithareductioninhowmuchtheplayersgained.Unselfishbehaviorwasconsideredmoremorallyrightthanselfish,butbothbehaviorswerejudgedtobemoremoralandlessdeservingofpunishmentifthemajorityexhibitedthemthaniftheywereuncommon.Thecommonnessoftheselfishbehavioralsoaffectedtheparticipants’willingnesstothemselvespaytopunishselfishness."Toleranceofselfishbehaviorincreasedwhenthemajorityoftheplayerskeptthemoneyforthemselves,whichsurprisedme,〞saysprincipalinvestigatorAndreasOlsson,seniorlectureratKarolinskaInstitutet’sDepartmentofClinicalNeuroscience."Thefactthatabehavioriscommondoesn’tautomaticallymeanthatit’sright–thisideais2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第5页。basedonfaultylogicthatconfusesfactswithmoralvalues.〞2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第5页。Thestudyshowsourviewofwhatismorallyrightandwronghasstrongsimilaritieswithsocialcomformity,inthatwetendtoadaptourselvestothepeoplearoundusandhowtheybehave.Thismeansthatchangesinoursocialenvironmentcanquicklyalterourmoralcompass."Thisisinterestingfromseveralangles,andcouldexplainwhymoralattitudeschangeovertime,suchasthosetowardspublicgoodsorlegality,〞saysBjornLindstrom,postdocatUniversityofZurichandKarolinskaInstitutet’sDepartmentofClinicalNeuroscience.63.AccordingtoAndreasOlsson’sanalysis,ifpeopleacceptselfishbehavior,theyactually_____.A.getfactsandmoralvaluesmixedup B.misunderstandsocialmechanismsC.followthelogicoftheirown D.consideritcorrectandreasonable64.Itcanbeconcludedthattheparticipantsintheexperimentsarepunishedif______.A.theycan’tplay"publicgoodsgame〞B.investthemoneytobenefitgroupmembersC.theybehavedifferentlyfromthemajorityD.theykeepthemoneyforthemselves65.Accordingtothepassage,whatismorallyrightorwrongisshapedbythefollowingExcept___.A.thewaypeoplearoundusbehave B.changesinoursocialenvironmentC.personalstandardsofvaluesandattitudes D.howwidespreadaparticularbehavioris66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThepsychologicalmechanismsbehindattitudechangeB.BehaviorisconsideredmoremoralthemorecommonitisC.OurviewofselfishandunselfishbehaviorsD.MoralstandardsofselfishandunselfishbehaviorsSectionCDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencescanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.A.Theythusfocusedontwoelementsthataretypicalforcontemporaryworkenvironments.B.Theresearchersusedonlinequestionnairestoobtaindata.C.Thenotionthatobtainingexternalfeedbackaboutone’sideaisessentialforincreasingcreativityisdeeplyrootedinsociety.D.Themostimportantinthat:whenanorganizationstimulatesfeedbackseeking,itneedstoensurethatthisworkenvironmentisexcellentenoughtousethebenefitsoffeedback.E.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthesebeneficialeffectsalwaysoccur.F.Thecreativeachievementswereassessedbytheirdirectmanagers.SeekingfeedbacknotalwayssufficientforstimulatingcreativityItiswidelybelievedthatseekingfeedbackfromcolleagues,managers,friendsandfamilyenhancesemployees’creativity.Butisthisalwaysthecase?No,apositiveeffectdependsonthework,environment.ThisistheconclusionofnewjointresearchstudyledbyUvAworkandorganizationalpsychologistRoySiom.___67___Forexample,managersareencouragedtoengagecustomersinordertoconfirmwhethertheirbusinessmodelisworkableandscholarsattendconferencestoobtainfeedbackontheirresearchresults.Adefiniteassumptionisthatindividualswhohaveobtainedfeedbackwillalsoactually〔beableto〕useit."Theideaissimple:seekingfeedbackfromdifferentsources–alsoknownasfeedbacksourcevariety–benefitsone’screativitysinceitleadstoagreaterdiversityofviewpoints〞,saysSiom."Andthemorediversetheviewpoints,themoreitbenefitsone’screativitybecausebycombingallthedifferentviewpointsnewperspectiveswillemergethatinturnwillresultinmorecreativity.___68___〞Theresearchersexaminedhowspecificcharacteristicsoftheimmediateworkenvironmentinfluencethe2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第6页。relationshipbetweenfeedbacksourcevarietyandcreativeperformance.___69___Oneistherecognizedrateofchangeofperformancestandards.Theotheristheextenttowhichemployeesfeeltheyhavesufficienttimetodevelopcreativeideasatwork〔experiencedcreativetimepressure〕."Wediscoveredagrowingrelationshipbetweenthesearchforinputfromavarietyoffeedbacksourcesandcreativity,butonlywhenperformancestandardswithinanorganizationarechangingandwhenarelativelylowcreativetimepressureisexperienced〞,saysSiom.2018届宝山区高考英语二模全文共7页，当前为第6页。Siomoffersseveralrecommendations."___70___Inamoreconcretesense,organizationscan,forexample,considerusingfeedbackworkshopsinwhichemployeesareencouragedtoreflectondiversefeedbackandequippedwithtechniquesandstrategiesonhowtoabsorbfeedbackintheirdailywork.Inaddition,managersshouldnotonlystimulatetheiremployeestoactivelycultivaterelationshipswithpotentialfeedbacksourceswithinandoutsidetheorganization,butalsoprovidesufficienttimetoprocessthefeedbackobtainedfromtheserelationships.〞Ⅳ.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint<s>ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Screen-addictedteensareunhappyAnewstudyexploredthelinkbetweenadolescentlifesatisfactionandscreentime.Researchersfound