英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案

英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1.

AbriefhistoryofChopsticks．

We'vediscussedthestoryofknifeandfork，butthere'sanothersetofutensils（器皿）usedbybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld﹣andithasatrulyancientpast．TheChinesehavebeenwieldingchopstickssinceatleast1200B．C．，andbyA．D．500chopsticks（1）________（sweep）theAsiancontinentfromVietnamtoJapan．Fromtheirhumblebeginnings（2）________cookingutensilstopaper﹣wrappedbamboosetsatthesushicounter，there'smoretochopsticksthanmeetstheeye．

Chopsticks（3）________（develop）about5000yearsagoinChina．The（4）________（early）versionswereprobablytwigsusedtogetfoodfromcookingpots．Whenresourcesbecamescare，around400B．C．，craftychefsfiguredout（5）________toconservefuelbychoppingfoodintosmallerpiecesthatrequiredlesscookingfuel，andbesides，itcouldbecookedmorequickly．Thisnewmethodofcookingmadeitunnecessarytohaveknivesatthedinnertable﹣apracticethatalsomatchedthenon﹣violentteachingsofConfucius（孔子），（6）________expressedinoneofhisnumerousquotations："thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouse（屠宰房）andthekitchen．Andheallowsnoknivesonhistable．"Asavegetarian，hebelievedthatknives'sharppointsevoked（诱发）violence（7）________（kill）thehappy，contentedmoodthatshouldreignduringmeals．Thanksinparttohisteachings，chopstickusequicklybecamewidespreadthroughoutAsia．

Differentculturesadopteddifferentchopstickstyles．PerhapsinanodtoConfucius，Chinesechopsticksfeaturedabluntratherthanpointedend．InJapan，chopstickswere8incheslongformenand7incheslongforwomen．In1878theJapanesebecamethefirst（8）________（create）thenow﹣ubiquitousdisposableset，typicallymadeofbambooorwood．Wealthydinerscouldeatwithivory，jade，coral，brassoragateversions，whilethemostprivilegedusedsilversets．Itwasbelievedthatthesilverwouldcorrodeandturnblack（9）________itcameintocontactwithpoisonedfood．

Throughouthistory，chopstickshaveenjoyedasymbioticrelationshipwithanotherstapleofAsiancuisine：rice．Atfirstglance，you'dthinkthatricewouldn'tmakethecut，butinAsiamostriceisoftheshort﹣ormedium﹣grainvariety．Thestarches（淀粉质食品）inthesericescreateacookedproductthatisgummyandclumpy，unlikethefluffyanddistinctgrainsofWesternlong﹣grainrice．（10）________chopstickscometogethertoliftsteamingbundlesofstickyrice，it'samatchmadeinheaven．

SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第1页。2.

英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第1页。A．labelB．bearsC．burdenedD．illustratesE．implementsF．guaranteedG．presentedH．hitI．entryJ．nationalizedK．ground

The"PennyBlack"，thefirstpostagestampissuedinBritainand，moreimportantly，thefirstpostagestampissuedanywhere，（1）_______theimageofQueenVictoria，butthefirstBritishpostalservicedidn'toriginateinVictoriaEngland．In1860，WilliamDockwrastartedapublicservicethat（2）_______thequickdeliveryofaletteranywhereinLondon．Hissystemwasquickly（3）_______withDockwraincharge．Itwasfarfromaperfectsystem，（4）_______withseeminglyimproperchargesthatmadeitunreasonablyexpensivetosendaletter．Worsestill，recipientswereexpectedtopay．Asyoumightimagine，this（5）_______someproblems﹣eitherpeopleweren'thomeorflat﹣outrefusedtopay．Thesystemjustdidn'twork，butitremainedinplaceforfartoolong．

About50yearslater，todobetter，RollandHillarguedforputtinganendtothepostalchargesandreplacingthemwithasinglenationalrateofonepenny，whichwouldbepaidbythesender．WhenthepostofficeignoredHill'sideas，heself﹣publishedhisessayanditquicklygained（6）_______amongthepublic．HillwasthenorderedbyPostmasterGeneralLordLichfieldtodiscusspostalreformand，duringtheirsubsequentmeetings，thetwomenconceivedofagluy（7）_______thatcouldbeappliedtotheenvelopstoindicatepayment．Thoughithadgainedsupportwiththepublicwholongedforaaffordablywaytoconnectwithdistantfriendsandfamily，officialswerestillnotconvinced．Thankfully，Hillwasfarfromaloneinhispassionforreform．Heeventuallyearnedenoughsupportfromotherlike﹣mindedindividualstoconvinceParliamentto（8）_______hissystem．

In1839，Hillheldacompetitiontodesignallthepostalfacility．Thewinningstamp（9）_______describingtheyoungqueen'sprofilecamefromoneWilliamWyon，whobasedthedesignonamedalhecreatedtocelebratehisfirstvisittoLondon．

The"PennyBlack"stampwentonsaleonMay1，1840．Itwasanimmediate（10）_______．Suddenly，thecountryseemedalotsmaller．Thepennyblack'sdesignwassowellreceivedthatitremainedinuseforfortyyear．

ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第2页。3.

The

term"staycation"meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthantravelingtoanotherplace．Itisiscloselyconnectedwithlesspollution,

savingmoneyandnotcontributingtotheoverwhelmingdisorderthattakesplaceinsomeoftheworld'smosttouristicareas．

The

conceptofstaycationwasbornatthetimeofthe2008market（1）_______intheUnitedStates．Becauseofit,

manyhouseholdswereforcedto（2）_______theirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget．Theshortageofmoneytotravelabroadisattheoriginofwhymanypeoplestartedto（re）discovertheirmost（3）_______surroundings．

At

thesametime,

awarenessofthe（4）_______impactsoftourism,

especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,

startedtoincreasetoo．Andsodidtheperceptionthatsomeofthemaincities（abroad）areincreasinglyoverloadedwithpeople﹣﹣withplacessuchasBarcelona,

Venice,

ortheSeychellesplanningon（5）_______atouristcap．

Staycationappearslikeagreatsolutionforthe（6）_______abovementioned．Itisagreatwayofspendingjoyfulvacationswhilehelpingone's（7）_______andtheenvironment．（8）_______,

stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport．

Apartfromthefinancial（9）_______gainedbyleavingbehindexpensiveplaneticketsorbynotbookinghotelroomsthataren'tcheap,

staycationalsohasthebenefitofkeepingharmful（10）_______intheground．Cars,

boats,

andplanesarenot（orareless）used;

（11）_______,

othermeansoftransportsuchaspublictransport,

bicycles,

electricscootersorjustwalkingarefavored．

This

allowspeople'scarbonfootprintsnotto（12）_______asmuchastheywouldiflongdistanceshadbeentraveled．

A

staycationisaformofalternativetourismthatisfullyinlinewiththeslowtourismtrend．Slowtourisminvitesyoutoliveinthe（13）_______moment．Itencouragesyoutotakeyourtime,

discovernearbylandscapes,

reconnectandspendmoretimeoutdoorsinnaturewiththepeopleyouenjoy．Therearenofully﹣bookeddays,

andthereisno（14）_______togofromoneactivitytoanotherjusttostaybusyallthetime．

Giventhemultiple（15）_______oflocaltourism,

younolongerhaveareasontobeembarrassedatthecoffeemachineatworkwhenyouareaskedwhereyouaregoingonvacationthisyear．

（1）英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第2页。A

value

B

sector

C

crisis

D

shares

（2）A

restrict

B

bear

C

avoid

D

meet

（3）A

cheerful

B

immediate

C

polluted

D

attractive

（4）A

limited

B

financial

C

cultural

D

environmental

（5）A

introducing

B

stopping

C

postponing

D

raising

（6）A

challenges

B

assessment

C

tasks

D

applications

（7）A

voyage

B

mind

C

pocket

D

hometown英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第3页。

（8）英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第3页。A

Inaddition

B

Forexample

C

Infact

D

Onthecontrary

（9）A

services

B

advice

C

resources

D

savings

（10）A

emissions

B

exposure

C

vehicles

D

strategies

（11）A

therefore

B

instead

C

however

D

moreover

（12）A

last

B

fall

C

increase

D

change

（13）A

historic

B

present

C

critical

D

climatic

（14）A

good

B

harm

C

blame

D

rush

（15）A

advantages

B

challenges

C

platforms

D

themes

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第4页。4.

BrookeMartin'sgoldenretriever（金毛猎犬）Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated．Shewouldhowl,

pace,

andchewonthings．Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets．Shewondered:

﹣Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?

Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,

the16﹣year﹣oldcameupwithseveralideas．Finally,

sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch．﹣Thedogdoesn'thavetoanswerthecall,

explainsBrooke．﹣Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenontheirend．It'satwo﹣wayaudioandvideo﹣youcanseeandheareachother．Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!

Her

inventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle﹣schoolstudents．Thesefinalists,

selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,

areworkingwith________overthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetitioninSt．Paul,

Minn．

AfterMartin'svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,

shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger﹣Anderson,

aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M'sconsumerhealthcaredivision．﹣Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,

Langer﹣AndersontoldLiveScience．Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,

whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog'sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate．

"One

thingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,

whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,

whatifyourdogknocksitover,

orscratchesthescreen?

"Martinsaid．SheandLanger﹣Andersondiscussedthis,

andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloorstoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws．

The

finalistscreatemodelstheycantest,

withtheguidancefromamentor．Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectricityandanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling．Langer﹣Andersontriestohelpthestudentsworkthroughthescientificmethod,

testingtheirhypothesis,

inadeterminedway,

﹣sothekidsdon'tgetburiedindata．shesaid．

（1）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage？________英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第4页。A

"iCPooch"winsinayoungscientistcompetition．

B

A16﹣year﹣oldgirlinventsadevicefordoghunger．

C

Aman﹣madedeviceletspeoplechatwiththeirpets．

D

Akid﹣inventeddevicecalmdogs'separationanxiety．．

（2）"iCPooch"calmspetdogsby________．A

allowingvideochat

B

makingdogssleep

C

answeringthecall

D

givingthemfood．

（3）Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword"mentor"________．A

competitors

B

assistants

C

instructors

D

companions．

（4）Whatdotheinventionsofthefinalistshaveincommon？________A

Theyareallnewinventionsdealingwithpets．

B

Theyarepossiblesolutionstoeverydayproblems．

C

Theycopewiththeproblemsrelatedtocomputers．

D

Theyareallaccomplishedthroughindividualwork．英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第5页。5.

英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第5页。ThisisWhataREALSilverDollarLooksLike

If

youtrustintheyen,

theeuro,

andthedollar…stopreading．

BecausethisisastoryaboutthesilvercoinEVERYBODYwants．

You

readtheheadlines．Youknowthattroubledeconomictimeshaveputglobalcurrencyonarollercoaster（ride．Butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong﹣termvaluewithhigh﹣gradecollectablesilver．Andrightnow,

thosepeoplearelininguptosecuresomeofthelast2012U．S．MintSilverEagles,

America'sNewestSilverEagleDollars．Today,

youcangraduatetothefrontofthatline．BuynowandyoucanownthesebrilliantuncirculatedSilverDollarsforonly﹩38.95!

You

Can'tAffordtoLose

Why

arewereleasing（发行）thissilverdollarforsucharemarkableprice?

Becausewewanttointroduceyoutowhathundredsofthousandsofsmartcollectorsandsatisfiedcustomershaveknownsince1984﹣NewYorkMintistheplacetofindtheworld'sfinesthigh﹣gradecoins．That'swhywe'reofferingyouthisBrilliantUncirculated2012U．S．SilverEagleforaslittleas﹩37.45（pluss/h）．

TimingisEverything

Our

advice?

Keepthistoyourself．Becausethemorepeoplewhoknowaboutthisoffer,

theworseitisforyou．DemandforSilverEaglesin2011brokerecords．Expertspredictthat2012SilverEaglesmaybreakthemalloveragain．Duetorapidchangesinthepriceofsilver,

pricesmaybehigherorlowerandaresubjectto（受…影响）changewithoutnotice．Suppliesarelimited．CallimmediatelytoaddtheseSilverEaglestoyourholdingsbeforeit'stoolate．

OfferLimitedto40perhousehold2012AmericanSilverEagleCoin

Your

cost

1﹣4

Coins﹩38.95each+s/h

5﹣9

Coins﹩38.45each+s/h

10﹣19Coins﹩37.95each+s/h

20﹣40Coins﹩37.45each+s/h

Note:

﹩10s/h（shippingandhandling）foreachpurchaseForfastestservice,

calltoll﹣free24hoursaday

1﹣888﹣201﹣7143

OfferCode（代码）ASE177﹣04

________NewYorkMint14101

SouthcrossDriveW．,

Dept．ASE177﹣04

Burnsville,

Minnesota55337

www．

NewYorkMint．Com

（1）TopromotetheSliverEaglescoin，whatisstressedinthead？________A

Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting．

B

Thecoincanbecirculatedasacurrency．

C

Limitedsuppliesguaranteeastablepriceofthecoin．

D

Demandforthecoinisboundtobreakrecords．．

（2）Ifyoubuysix2012U．S．MintSilverEaglesbypost，youshouldpayatleast________．A

230.7

B

233.7

C

240.7

D

243.7．

（3）Theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchasethesilvercoinsby________．A

shoppingonline

B

makingaphonecall

C

liningupinfrontofthestores

D

writingtothecompany．英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第6页。6.

The

dreamoftheflyingcarcouldcomedowntoearthsoonasseveralstart﹣upslikeChineseEHANGandUberaredevelopingso﹣called"passengerdrones（无人机）"﹣self﹣flyingdronesbigenoughtoferryindividualcommutersaroundtown﹣whichcouldshrinkcommute（上下班往返）timesfromhourstominutes．

At

firstglance,

human﹣carryingdronessoundnomorerealisticthanflyingcars．Untilrecentlyinventorshadneverbeenabletomarryautomobilesandaircraftinapracticalway．Yetafewcompanieshavekeptatit:

Woburn,

forexample,

hassince2006beendevelopingTransition,

a"roadableaircraft"thatresemblesasmallairplanethatcanfolditswingsanddriveonroads．Apersonalflyingcarineverygaragehasprovedtobeatoughsell,

however,

asthereareserioussafetyconcernsaboutaskingtheaveragecommutertotrainforapilot'slicenseandtaketotheskies．

Passengerdrones,

bycontrast,

wouldoperateautonomouslyandleavethe"roadable"partbehindinfavoroflargerversionsofaircraftthatalreadyexist．Passengerdronedesignsfavor"distributedelectricpropulsion（推进）,

"meaninginsteadofonelargerotorpoweredbyalargeenginetheyhavemultiplepropellerseachpoweredbyitsown,

smallermotor．Thissacrificesliftingpowerandflightperformanceinexchangeformechanicalsimplicityandlighterweight﹣factorsthatcouldmakethemcheapertooperate．Quieterelectricpowerwouldmakethenoisetolerabletocityresidents,

althoughitremainstobeseenhowmuchweightsuchavehiclecouldlift,

andforhowlong．

With

anyofthesevehicles,

safetyisthebiggestconcernandextendstoboththeaircraftandtheautomatedsystemsflyingthem．Advancedartificialintelligenceisneededtoflylargenumbersofautonomousaircraftwithoutcrashingthemintooneanotheror,

say,

thelocalnewschannel'straffichelicopter．CarryingpeoplefrompointsAtoBseemssimpleenough,

buteventhebestAIstruggleswithsurprises:

What,

forexample,

wouldadronedoifalandingareasuddenlybecameunavailable?

asksSanjivSingh,

aCarnegieMellonUniversityroboticsresearcher．Insteadofleapingtofullyautomatedpassengerdrones,

hesuggestsfirsttestingthenecessaryAIinunmannedcargo（货物）runs,

andadoptinga"mixedmode"approachinearlypassengerserviceswherepilotsareassistedbyAIco﹣pilots．

Technicalchallengesaside,

start﹣upspromotingthetechnologywillhavetofindawaytoconvincethepublictogivetheirdronesawhirl,

somethingthatrequiresamuchbiggerleapoffaiththangettingintothebackseatofaself﹣drivingcar．Passengerdronemakersare"obviouslystillintheincubation（孵化）stagesoftechnologydevelopmentandimprovingthebasics,

"saysMikeHirschberg,

executivedirectoroftheAmericanHelicopterSocietyInternational．"But20or30yearsfromnowlifemaybealittlelikeTheJetsonswhereyoutakeadvantageofthethirddimensionandhavemuchmoremobility,

especiallyinurbanclosequarterswheregroundtransportationisgridlocked．"

The

passengerdroneprogressmayfollowaslopingtakeoffratherthanverticalleap．CarnegieMellon'sSinghseesalongroadaheadfilledwithlotsoftesting,

analysis,

regulationandeffortstowinthepublic'strustbeforethetechnologybecomesaviabletransportationoption．"Thereisthedangerofsomeonemovingtoofastandthenhavingaproblemthatsetstheindustrybackforsometime,

"hesays．

（1）Personalflyingcarshavefailedtogainpopularityamonghouseholdsmainlybecause________．英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第6页。A

peopledon'thavethecouragetotakethecarstotheair．

B

peopleareunwillingtotrainforapilot'slicense．

C

peopleworrythattheymaynotbequalifiedtoflythecarssafely．

D

itispracticallyimpossibletocombinecarsandaircrafttogether．．

（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofpassengerdrones？________A

Itcanliftmoreweight．

B

Itislighterinweight．

C

Itmakeslessnoise．

D

Itissimplerinmechanicaldesign．．英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第7页。

（3）WhatisHirschberg'sattitudetowardspassengerdrones？________英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第7页。A

disapproving

B

neutral

C

skeptical

D

cautiouslyoptimistic．

（4）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A

artificialintelligencecaneasilytackletheproblemsoccurringinairtraffic．

B

humanpilotsinautonomousaircraftwillendangerthesafetyofpassengers．

C

thepassengerdroneindustrywillmakemajorbreakthroughsinthenearfuture．

D

thepublic'sdistrustmayhinderthedevelopmentofpassengerdrones．

SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7.

Boxingisapopularsportthatmanypeopleseemtobefascinatedby．Newspapers，magazinesandsportsprogrammesonTVfrequentlycoverboxingmatches．Professionalboxersearnalotofmoney，andsuccessfulboxersaretreatedasbigheroes．

Itseemstomethatpeople，especiallymen，finditappealingbecauseitisanaggressivesport．Whentheywatchaboxingmatch，theycanidentifywiththewinningboxer，andthisgivesthemthefeelingofbeingawinnerthemselves．Itisafactthatmanypeoplehavefeelingofaggressionfromtimetotime，buttheycannotshowtheiraggressionintheireverydaylives．（1）_______

However，thereisanegativesidetoboxing．（2）_______Althoughboxerswearglovesduringthefights，andamateurboxersevenhavetowearhelmets，therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentinbothprofessionalandamateurboxing，sometimeswithdramaticconsequences．Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries，andoccasionally，fightershaveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering．（3）_______Sometimesevenifaboxerhasneverbeenknockedout，hemighthavesufferedseverebraindamagewithoutknowingit．

（4）_______IthinkitwouldbebetteriflesstimewasgiventoaggressivesportsonTV，andwewelcomedmoremenandwomenfromnon﹣aggressivesportsasourheroesandheroinesinoursociety．Ibelievethattheworldisaggressiveenoughalready!Ofcourse，peoplelikecompetitivesports，andsodoI，butIthinkthathittingotherpeopleinanaggressivewayisnotsomethingthatshouldberegardedasasport．

A．Watchingaboxingmatchgivesthemanoutletforthisaggression．

B．Iampersonallynotatallinfavorofaggressivesportslikeboxing．

C．Inmypersonalopinion，boxingcanbesothrillingthatmanypeopledarenottohaveatry．

D．Professionalboxersaremuchmoreatriskthantheiramateurcounterparts．

E．Furthermore，studieshaveshownthatthereareoftenlong﹣termeffectsofboxing．

F．Itislikelytothreatenpersonalsafetyofpeople．

SummaryWriting英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第8页。8.

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．

Studentswhohaveusedelectroniccigarettesbythetimetheystartninthgradearemorelikelythanotherstostartsmokingtraditionalcigarettesandothertobaccoproductswithinthenextyear，accordingtoanewstudyfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth．Electroniccigarettes，ore﹣cigarettes，delivernicotinetothelungsbyheatingaliquidsolutionthatcontainsnicotineandotherchemicalstoproduceaspraythattheusertakesin．

AspartofasurveyofsubstanceuseandmentalhealthamonghighschoolstudentsinLosAngeles，thestudycomparedthestartoftobaccouseamong222studentswhohadusede﹣cigarettes，butnotanyothertobaccoproducts，and2，308whohadneitherusede﹣cigarettesoranyothertobaccoproductswheninitiallysurveyedatthestartofninthgrade．The2，530studentswhoinitiallyreportedneverusingtobaccounderwentfollow﹣upassessmentsaftersixand12months．Studentswereaskedaboutlifetimeandpastsix﹣monthuseofe﹣cigarettesoranyotherformsoftobaccoproducts．

Duringthefirstsixmonthsafterbeingsurveyed，30.7percentofthosewhohadusede﹣cigarettesstartedusingtobaccoproducts，suchascigarettes，andcigars，comparedtoonly8.1percentofthosewhohadneverusede﹣cigarettes．Overthefollowingsixmonthsleadingintothestartof10thgrade，25.2percentofe﹣cigaretteusershadusedtobaccoproducts，comparedtojust9.3percentofnonusers．

"Whileteentobaccousehasfalleninrecentyears，thisstudyconfirmsthatweshouldcontinuetocloselywatchteensmokingpatterns，"saidNIDADirectorNoraD．Volkow，M．D．"Parentsandteensshouldrecognizethatalthoughe﹣cigarettesmightnothavethesameharmfuleffectsofregularcigarettes，theydocarryariskofaddiction．"

"Recreationale﹣cigaretteuseisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongteenswhohaveneversmokedtobacco，"saidAdamM．Leventhal，Ph．D．，thefirstauthoronthestudy．"Whilewecannotconcludethate﹣cigaretteusedirectlyleadstosmoking，thisresearchraisesconcernsthatrecentincreasesinyouthe﹣cigaretteusecouldultimatelyleadtothespreadofsmoking﹣relatedillness．"英语-2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案全文共11页，当前为第8页。

Translation第12页共15页Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthe第13页共15页上海初高中英语整理微信公众号：Shanghai_Englishbrackets.9.

在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗．（it）________10.

在抗击病毒的斗争中，中国会给予受到感染的国家尽可能多的帮助．（offer）________11.

极目远眺，山外有山，令人赞叹不已．（view