上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语

上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语闵行区2012学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求填涂，主观题用黑色水笔书写。2.本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，共12页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第I卷(共105分)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.6:10. B.6:30. C.6:40. D.7:00.2. A.Inabookstore. B.Inahospital. C.Inalibrary. D.Atacinema.3. A.Customerandwaitress. B.Bossandsecretary. C.Teacherandstudent. D.Lawyerandclient.4. A.ASwimmingcontest. B.Avolleyballmatch. C.AFootballmatch. D.Abasketballmatch.5. A.Tohanguphistrousers. B.Tokeephistrouserson. C.Tocomehomeearlier. D.Tospendlesstimeattheoffice.6. A.Herson’shealth. B.Herson’sstudies. C.Herson’spoorgrades. D.Herson’sabilityforthejob.7. A.Hewasunabletohavehispicturetaken. B.Hehasnotchosenapictureforit. C.Hehadbrokenhiscamera. D.Hefailedtofixthebrokencamera.8. A.Itisn’tgoodatall. B.Itisbetternow. C.Itwasbetterinthepast. D.Itislikedbymorepeoplenow.9. A.He’llbeabletocleanthehouseintime. B.Hedoesn’thavetimetotakethewomanhome. C.Itshouldbeeasyforthegueststofindthehouse. D.Heneedstimetorelaxbeforetheguestsarrive.10. A.Hehastoomanydreams. B.Helikestosleep.C.Hedoesn’thavemanyideas. D.Hedoesn’tputhisideasintopractice.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第1页。

SectionB上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第1页。Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Becauseshewantedtomakemorecontributionstothecommunity.B.Becauseshewouldliketohelpwiththefamily’sfinances.C.Becauseshewasofferedagoodjobbyherneighbor.D.Becauseshewasexpectedtobemoreinvolvedinsociallife.12. A.Doinghousework. B.Lookingafterherneighbor’schildren. C.ReadingpapersandwatchingTV. D.Takinggoodcareofherhusband.13. A.Supportive. B.Inconsiderate. C.Generous. D.Sensible.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Hollywood’sFoundingFather. B.TheMidwestComestoHollywood. C.TheTransformationofHollywood. D.StudiosofHollywood.15. A.Lightingandlandscape. B.Alcohol-freeenvironment. C.Cheappropertyvalue. D.Peacefulatmosphere.16. A.Theybenefitedfromtheservicetothestudios. B.Theymovedoutoftheircommunity. C.Theystoppedtheexpansionofthestudios. D.Theyareannoyedbymoviepeople’sbehaviors.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation. DialogueInformationWhendidthewomantakeProfessorCooper’sclass?Last(17)______________.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheexams?Theymaychangefromyeartoyear,butthestyleis(18)_____________.Whatshouldthestudentsknowaboutthebook?The(19)______________ofthebook.Whatwillthemantreatthewomanifshehelpshim?Adinneranda(20)_____________.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第2页。

Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第2页。Suggestions:Suggestions:1.The(21)________________shouldbeabitearlier.2.The(22)________________shouldgetabettercover.3.(23)________________shouldbeconsidered.4.Thefurnitureinthemainofficeshouldbe(24)________________.Completetheform.WritenomorethanTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25. Someabstractmodernpaintingswere______myunderstanding;Isimplycouldn’tfigureoutwhatthepaintersreallywantedtotellus. A.within B.behind C.around D.beyond26. —WhatdidyouhaveforbreakfastduringyourvisittoBritain? —______butbreadandbutter.Thatwastheonlyfoodtheyserveddayinanddayout.A.Nothing B.Everything C.Anything D.Something27. —______Itakethemagazinesout?—I’mafraidnot.Theyaresupposedtobereadhereinthestudyroom.A.Will B.Must C.May D.Need28. Experimentsonanimals______longbeforethemedicinewasappliedtopatients. A.haveconducted B.havebeenconducted C.hadconducted D.hadbeenconducted29. Thedocumentfilm______nextweekaimsatintroducinglocalculturestotheworld. A.released B.beingreleased C.tobereleased D.havingbeenreleased30. Theschoolauthorityhadadiscussionregarding______theyshouldsetupmorescholarshipstomeettheincreasingdemands. A.whether B.what C.that D.whom31. Somethinghastobedonetostoptheriversfrombeingfurtherpolluted,? A.doesn’titB.hasn’tit C.doesit D.hasit32. Awarningsignalsuddenlyappearedonthescreenofmycomputer,______thecomputerwasbeingattackedbyacertainvirus. A.indicated B.indicating C.toindicate D.havingindicated33. —Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic? —Definitely.Youcouldn’thopefor______atthistimeofthemonth. A.thenicerday B.anicerday C.thenicestday D.niceaday上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第3页。

34. Ontopofthehill______,whosestylecanbetracedtotheagesoftheRomanEmpire.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第3页。 A.therestandingachurch B.doesachurchstand C.achurchstands D.standsachurch35. Ashedidn’tfeellike______,hepoweredoffhismobilephoneandkeptthecomputerdisconnectedtotheinternet. A.beingdisturbed B.disturbing C.todisturb D.tobedisturbed36 —Doyouhavethetime?I’vegotsomethingtotellyou. —Ok,______youmakeyourstoryshort. A.nowthat B.evenif C.solongas D.incase37. Thereisstrongevidence______theabsenceofregulationsincreasestheprobabilitythatsomewebsitesstealandselltheirusers’personalinformation. A.where B.that C.how D.because38. Shortlyaftertheearthquakeoccurredamobilehospitalwassetup,______thevictimsreceivedimmediatetreatment. A.when B.which C.there D.where39. Thepolobearwillfacethefateofextinction______theicekeepsmeltingatanalarmingspeed. A.if B. until C.unless D.before40. IPaddressesaretheuniquesequenceofnumbers______toeachcomputer,websitesorotherInternet-connecteddevices. A.toassign B.assigning C.assigned D.beingassignedSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.restoreF.temptedB.adjustmentG.addressedC.sensitiveH.varyD.unnaturalI.leaveE.qualityJ.uninterruptedItiscommontohavedifficultiessleepingduringtheday.Humansarebornnaturallytosleepbestatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.However,modernworkschedulesrequiresomepeopletotrytoadaptthe41scheduleofshiftwork(轮班)—beingawakeatnightandsleepingduringtheday.Inordertomakethis42acceptabletoyou,youneedtopayspecialattentiontoyoursleepenvironmentandyourpreparationforsleep.Ifshiftworkisanecessarypartofyourworklife,herearesomesuggestionsthatmayhelp.Arrangetosleepina(n)43condition.Thismeansyoumayhavetounplugyourphone,hangdarkeningcurtainsonthewindowsorwearasleepeyemask,andaskyourfamilyandfriendsto44youalonewhileyousleep.Fitinanap.Whenyourdaytimesleepperiodistooshort,takingashortnapoflessthan30minutesjustbeforeworkoronabreakhasbeenshownto45energyandenhanceperformance.Developandfollowasleeproutine.It’sbestifyougotosleepandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday.Trynotto46thistoomuchonweekends.Yourbodylikesroutine.Takeextracaretomakehealthychoices.Youmaybe47toreachforunhealthyfoodsornicotine(尼古丁)tostayawakeoralcoholtotrytosleep.Butintheendthesechoicesaremoreharmfulthanhelpful.Ifyouhavetriedallthesethingsandarestillhavingproblemsgettingenough48

sleepduringtheday,talktoyourdoctororasleepspecialist.Sometimesmedicaltreatmentmaybehelpfulandsafe.Inothercases,theremaybeapotentialsleepdisorderthatneedstobe49assoonaspossible.III.ReadingComprehension上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第4页。SectionA上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第4页。Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyonedreamsofbeingsuccessful.Doesanyonethinkofthemerequestionastowhatelements50success,ifthereisany?Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationofqualitiesthatleadsalmost51toachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonedevelopit?AttheGallopOrganizationwerecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,inquiringintothe52of1,500distinguishedpeopleselectedatrandomfromwho’swhoinAmerica.Ourresearchfindsoutanumberof53

thatoccurregularlyamongtopachievers.Hereisoneofthemostimportant,thatiscommonsense.Commonsenseisthemostobviousquality54byourparticipants.Seventy-ninepercentawardthemselvesatopscoreinthisquality.AndSixty-onepercentsaythatcommonsensewasveryimportantin55theirsuccess.Tomost,commonsensemeanstheabilitytopresentsound,practical56oneverydayaffairs.Todothis,onehastosweepaside57ideasandgetrighttothekeyofwhatmatters.ATexasoilandgasbusinessmanputsitthisway:“Thekeyabilityforsuccessis

58.Inconductionofmeetinganddealingwithindustry,59acomplexproblemtothesimplesttermishighlyimportant.Iscommonsenseaqualityapersonisbornwith,orcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman’sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybe60.Heoweshissuccesstolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwayto61yourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinothers,learningfromtheir—andyourown—mistakes.Besidescommonsense,therearemanyotherfactorsthat62success:inorderforyoutoachieveanythinginyourcareer,youhavetofirstbelieve.Youneedtobelieveinyourselfthatyoucanachieveit,thatis,youneedtohave63inyourgoalsandyourpathtothatsuccess.However,nothingmovesuntilyoudosomething.Beliefaloneisnotgoingtoachieveanythingforyou.Itmustbefollowedupwithconcrete64.Yourplanforcareersuccess50. A.define B.determine C.estimate D.prove51. A.especially B.properly C.inevitably D.alternatively52. A.opinions B.theories C.capabilities D.requirements53. A.challenges B.attractions C.qualifications D.qualities54. A.possessed B.recommended C.proposed D.achieved55. A.thinkingabout B.approvingof C.makingout D.contributingto56. A.performances B.judgments C.characters D.principles57. A.original B.common C.extra D.moderate58. A.advancing B.persevering C.simplifying D.revising59. A.reducing B.comparing C.applying D.referring60. A.protected B.maintained C.observed D.developed61. A.addto B.getover C.keepup D.gothrough62. A.create B.influence C.judge D.attract63. A.preparation B.attempt C.faith D.support64. A.thought B.progress C.plan D.actionSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第5页。(A)上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第5页。●Hartville’sovertimepayiswellbelowthenationallevel,andovertimeisobligedatleastonceaweek.●Employeesworkinginthemanufacturingdepartmenthaveanalarminglyhighrateofrepetitive(重复的)●Hartville’sovertimepayiswellbelowthenationallevel,andovertimeisobligedatleastonceaweek.●Employeesworkinginthemanufacturingdepartmenthaveanalarminglyhighrateofrepetitive(重复的)stressinjury.Theequipmenttheyareworkingwithisextremelyoldanddangerousanddoesnotmeetcurrenthealthandsafetystandards.Thecommitteerecommendedthatequipmentbeevaluatedandbroughtup-to-dateimmediately.●Sickandpersonaldaypoliciesareunclear.Employeesreportconflictingand/orconfusingpoliciesrelatingtosickandpersonaldays,whichhaveresultedinnumerousmisunderstandingsaboutproceduresandallowancesaswellasunfairpunishmentaction.●Inthepastfouryears,fivepregnantwomenwithcleanworkrecordsweredismissedsoonaftertheirpregnancieswerepublic.Inallfivecases,thereasonsforfiringwerenotspecificallyclear,althoughoneoftheemployeeswastoldbyherimmediatesupervisorthatnewmothersmakeveryunreliableemployees.●Hartville’suppermanagementislargelyunawareofthedissatisfactionofemployees.Evidenceshowsthatmiddlemanagementdelaysvitalinformationleadingtouppermanagement’sunderestimationoftheseriousnessofemployeedissatisfaction.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第6页。

65. WhydoHartvilleemployeeshaveahighrateofrepetitivestressinjury?上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第6页。A.Becausethemanagementpolicyisoutofdate.B.Becausetheirpaysareextremelylow.C.BecauseHartville’sequipmentisbelowstandard.D.Becausesickandpersonaldaypoliciesarenotclear.66. OnereasonthattheHartville”suppermanagementisunresponsiveisthat________.A.theyaremoreconcernedwithsavingmoneythanprotectingemployeesB.theyareunawareofthedegreeofdissatisfactionamongtheiremployeesC.thecompanyauthorityrestrictsitsmanagementfunctionD.theyhavenotbeentrainedinthelatestmanagementtechniques67. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthefindings?A.Asuggestiontoraiseemployees’payandreduceworktime.B.Adescriptionofemployeesbeingunfairlydismissed.C.AcomparisonbetweenovertimepayatHartvilleandthenationalaverage.D.Afindingaboutaproblemwithinmiddlemanagement.(B)WinterbeginsinthenorthonDecember22nd.Peopleandanimalshavebeendoingwhattheyalwaysdotoprepareforthecoldermonths.Squirrels(松鼠),forexample,havebeenbusygatheringnutsfromtrees.Well,scientistshavebeenbusygatheringinformationaboutwhatthesquirrelsdowiththefoodtheycollect.TheyexamineddifferencesbetweenredsquirrelsandgraysquirrelsintheAmericanstateofIndiana.Thescientistswantedtoknowhowthesedifferencescouldaffectthegrowthofblackwalnut(黑胡桃)trees.Theblackwalnutisthenutofchoiceforbothkindsofsquirrels.Theblackwalnuttreeisalsoacentralpartofsomehardwoodforests.RobSwihartofPurdueUniversitydidthestudywithJakeGoheen,aformerPurduestudentnowattheUniversityofNewMexico.Thetworesearchersestimatethatseveraltimesasmanywalnutsgrowwhengatheredbygraysquirrelsascomparedtoredsquirrels.Graysquirrelsandredsquirrelsdonotstorenutsandseedsinthesameway.Graysquirrelsburynutsoneatatimeinanumberofplaces.Buttheyseldomrememberwheretheyburiedeverynut.Sosomenutsremainintheground.Conditionsarerightforthemtodevelopandgrowthefollowingspring.Redsquirrels,however,storelargegroupsofnutsaboveground.ProfessorSwihartcalls“deathtrapsforseedsGraysquirrelsarenativetoIndiana.ButProfessorSwihartsaystheirnumbersbegantodecreaseasmoreforestswerecutforagriculture.Redsquirrelsbegantospreadthroughthestateduringthepastcentury.Theresearcherssayredsquirrelsarenativetoforeststhatstaygreenallyear,unlikewalnuttrees.TheysaythecleaningofforestlandforagriculturehashelpedredsquirrelsinvadeIndiana.JakeGoheencallsthemasignofanenvironmentalproblemmorethanacause.68. ThestudydonebyRobSwihartandJakeGoheenisto________.A.findoutthelivingconditionsforsquirrelsB.learnsquirrels’influenceonblackwalnuttreesC.dosomethingtogetridofsquirrelsD.savetheforestsintheAmericanstateofIndiana69. Thedifferencebetweengraysquirrelsandredsquirrelsmainlyliesin________.A.thewaytheygatherthewalnut B.thetimetheyhavewintersleep上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第7页。C.theplacetheyhavewintersleep D.theplacetheystorethewalnuts上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第7页。70. WhenProfessorSwihartsays“deathtrapsforseeds”,heactuallymeansthat________. A.redsquirrelseatmorenutsthangraysquirrelsB.graysquirrelsandredsquirrelswillhaveseverefights C.nutsabovethegroundwillnotdevelopintoplants D.seedscanbetrapsforotheranimalsintheforest71. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue? A.Theblackwalnutisequallyattractivetobothgrayandredsquirrels. B.Graysquirrelsdomoreharmtotheforestthanredsquirrels. C.Redsquirrelsandgraysquirrelshavehelpedthespreadofwalnuttrees. D.Thecleaningofforestlandbenefitsredsquirrelsdirectly.(C)Televisionisarelativelystableadvertisingmedium.Inmanyways,thetelevisionadstodayarealmostthesametothosetwodecadesago.Mosttelevisionadsstillfeatureactors,stillrun30or60seconds,andstillshowaproduct.However,thedifferentmediumoftheInternetcausesuniquechallengestoadvertisers,forcingthemtoadapttheirpracticesandtechniques.IntheearlydaysofInternetmarketing,onlineadvertisersusedbanner(框式广告)andpop-upads(弹出式广告)toattractcustomers.Thesetechniquesreachedlargeaudiences,ledtomanysalesleads,andcameatalowcost.However,asmallnumberofInternetusersbegantoconsidertheseadvertisingtechniquesannoying.Yetbecausemarketingstrategiesrelyingheavilyonbannersandpop-upsproducedresults,companiesinvestedgrowingamountsofmoneyintopurchasingtheseadtypes.Asconsumersbecamemorecomplicated,frustrationwiththeseonlineadvertisingtechniquesgrew.Independentprogrammersbegantodeveloptoolsthatblockedbannerandpop-upads.Amajordevelopmentinonlinemarketingcamewiththeintroductionofpay-per-clickads.Unlikebannerorpop-upads,whichoriginallyrequiredcompaniestopayeverytimeawebsitevisitorsawanad,pay-per-clickadsallowedcompaniestopayonlywhenaninterestedpotentialcustomerclickedonanad.Moreimportantly,however,theseadsarenotaffectedbythepop-upandbannerblockers.Asaresultoftheseadvantagesandtheincrediblegrowthintheuseofsearchengines,whichprovideexcellentplacesforpay-per-clickadvertising,agreatnumberofcompaniesbeganturningtopay-per-clickmarketing.However,aswiththebannerandpop-upads,pay-per-clickadscamewiththeirshortcomings.Whencompaniesbeganpouringbillionsofdollarsintothisemergingmedium,onlineadvertisingspecialistsstartedtonoticethepresenceofwhatwouldlaterbecalledclickfraud(欺诈):representativesofacompanywithnointerestintheproductadvertisedbyacompetitorclickonthecompetitor’sadssimplytoincreasethemarketingcostofthecompetitor.Clickfraudgrewsorapidlythatmarketerssoughttodiversify(摆脱)theironlinepositionsawayfrompay-per-clickmarketingthroughnewmediums.Althoughpay-per-clickadvertisingremainsacommonandeffectiveadvertisingtool,marketersadaptedyetagaintothechangingelementsoftheInternetbyadoptingnewtechniquessuchaspay-per-performanceadvertising.AsthepaceoftheInternet’sevolutionincreases,itseemsallthemorelikelythatadvertisingsuccessfullyontheInternetwillrequireastrategythatavoidsconstancy(持续性)andwelcomeschange.72. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThepaceoftheInternet’sevolutionisincreasingandwillonlyincreaseinthefuture.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第8页。B.InternetadvertisingfailstoreachInternetusers,causingadstobeblocked.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第8页。C.TheInternethasexperienceddramaticchangesinshortperiodsoftime.D.RapiddevelopmentoftheInternetcallsfornewadvertisingstrategiesandmediums.73. Asanadvertisingmedium,thetelevisionandtheInternetmainlydifferin________. A.thetypeofindividualeachmediumreaches B.whetherthemediumisinteractiveC.thepaceatwhichthemediumdevelops D.thecostofadvertisingwitheachmedium74. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatypicalclickfraud?A.Usingsoftwaretoblockcompetitors’advertisements.B.Clickingonthepay-per-clickadsofcompetitors.C.Clickingonthebanneradvertisementsofopponentcompanies.D.Usingsearchenginetoattackthepagesofcompetitors.75. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofpay-per-performanceadvertising? A.ItwilleventuallybecomelesspopularjustlikeotherformsofInternetadvertising. B.Itwillnotfaceshortcomingsduetoitsdifferingapproachtoonlinemarketing. C.Internetuserswilldevelopfreesoftwaretoblockitseffectiveness. D.Althoughitimprovesonpay-per-clickadvertising,itstillsuffersfromclickfraud.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第9页。

SectionC上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第9页。Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.ThebenefitofSmartGridtechnologytodailylifeB.BackgroundfortheemergingofSmartGridtechnologyC.Theside-effectsSmartGridtechnologycausesD.People’sattitudestowardsSmartGridtechnologyE.ThesupportingsystemofSmartGridtechnologyF.ThechallengesSmartGridtechnologymeetwith76. Thereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarming.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thisshiftwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricity.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGrid(智能电网)technology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemandtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.77. SmartGridtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions(排放).78. SmartGridtechnologyisprofitabletoconsumerstoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffs(收费标准)throughoutthedaywillgivecustomersthemotivationtouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceeds(超过)demand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.79. Withthesechangescomesarangeofthingstobeovercome.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,areunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions.80. AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,experimentalplanstopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Citiesareinvestingmoneyintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,makinguseofarangeofsustainable(可持续的)powersources,transportsolutions.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第10页。Foranyonewhoisdeterminedtobeafashiondesigner,itisnotenoughtohavesucceededincollege.Therealtestiswhethertheycansurvive,andbecomeestablishedduringtheirearly20s,makinganameforthemselvesintherealworldwherebusinessskillscanbeasimportantascreativity.上海市闵行区2013年高考二模试题英语全文共14页，当前为第10页。Fashionisahardbusiness.Thereisacontinuousamountofstressbecauseworkisataconstantandextremelyfastspeedtoprepareforthenextseason’scollections.Itisextremelycompetitiveandthereistheconstantneedtomakeattractiveadvertisementsofthelatestfashioninnewspapersandmagazines.Italsorequirescontinualfreshnessbecausetheappetitefornewideasishardtosatisfy.“Wetrytowarnpeoplebeforetheycometousabouthowtoughitis.”saysLydiaKemeny,theHeadofFashionatSt.Martin’sSchoolofArtinLondon.“Andwepointoutthatdriveanddeterminationareabsolutelynecessary.”Thismayseemfarremovedfromthepopularopinionsoffashionableyoungpeoplespendingtheirtimedesigningprettydresses.Thatmaywellbewhattheydointheirfirstyearofstudybutagoodcollegewon’tbeslowinintroducingstudentstocommercialrealities.“Wedon’twalkourfootontheblossomingflowerofcreativitybutinthesecondyearwestartintroducingtherestrictionsofprice,producingability,marketingandsoon.”Almostallfashiondesignisdonetoabrief.Itisnotaformofself-expressionassuch,althoughthereiscertainlyroomforimaginationandcreativity.Mostyoungdesignersaregoingtoendupasemployeesofaproduce