Key-to-Exercises-外研社现代大学英语精读5第二版-课后习题参考答案

..KeytoExercisesU1Itiedwitharibbonfordecorationdidnothaveafavorableorfriendlyfeelingtowardsomebodysomethingthatcoulddevelopintoagreaterideatobesuccessfulinlifeoratworkanincreaseintheamountyouarepaidforworkusedforemphasizinghowlittle<thereisofsomething>seriousformalstudyorresearchofasubjectbeinginapositionthatgivesyouanadvantageoropportunitytoyield/givein<Themetaphorisacardgamewhereaplayerissaidto"fold"whenheputsdownhiscards,realizingthathehasaweakhand.>tokeepmattersenjoyableandnotveryserious earning<money>tobewilling/inclinedtodosomethingtobetheessentialqualityofaformalspeechpublicity<usedtotalkabouthowoftenorhowwellorbadlysomeoneorsomethingisdescribedinnewspapersormagazines>thechancesofsomethinghappening;thelikelihoodofbeingsuccessfulthenewestandthemostadvancedfacilityforphysicalexercise<AmE.informal>tohavefuneating,drinking,anddancing,etc.withotherpeople<veryinformal>tobejustifiablycheated tobeforcedtogiveuptoopposeorresiststubbornlyandobstinatelytoattack,topursueinordertooppose/argueagainsttohavesomethingasthemostimportantpart;toboildowntoplanneddirectioninwhichavehicleismovingtoaddmoredetailstomakesomethingmorecompleteforallinvolvedoraffectedV1.Myfatherhadsomeunhappyexperienceswithlawyersandpolicemen<implyingthathegotintosometroubleandwaspunishedinsomeway>andthereforedidnotlikelawyersandpolicemen.Thespeaker’suseofthisunashamedadmissionabouthisfather’stroublewiththelawishumorous.2.MyfatheradvisedmetostudyliteraturesincethatwaswhatIreallyliked.Ihadonlyonelife,unlessIhadsecretknowledgethatwecanallberebornagainandagain<thatreincarnationisnotjustnonsense>andthereforeIcangotocollegemanytimes.Myfatherofcoursewastotallycontemptuousofthewholeideaofreincarnation.3.Theywantthediploma/credentialswhichwillenablethemtogetwell-paidjobsonWallStreetorgotolawschools,medicalschools,orbusinessschoolstobecomelawyers,doctors,andbusinessexecutives.4.Inordertobesuccessful,theyhavetoworkhard.Theymustearntherighttokeeptheirjobasaprofessorforaslongastheylike,keeppublishingiftheydonotwanttoperish,gethigherandhighersalaries,andgetoffersfromoutsidetheiruniversitiestoaddtotheirprestige.Andallthiscanbebroadlycalledscholarlywork.5.Theprofessorsaveshisenergiesforhisownscholarlyworkwhilethestudentsaveshisenergiesforhisfriends,socializing,volunteerwork,buildinganetworkofpeoplewhomightbeusefulforhiscareer,andtryingineverypossiblewaytoobtainanidealjobupongraduation,whichisreallythemostimportantgoalforhim.Thespeakerisimplyingthatneithertheprofessornorthestudentisgivinghis/hermainattentiontoteachingandlearning.6.Eton,asweknowisa"public"<thatis,private>schoolfortheBritisharistocracy.IteducatesthemenwhobecomeBritain’sleaders;thetiesformedthereareall-importantasaretheunspokenrulesyoulearn.SowhatWellingtonissayinghereisthatitwasthissmallandcohesiveclassanditsvaluesthatdefeatedNapoleon.7.Whatstudentsarelookingforfromaliberalartseducationisnotaluxury,butanecessity.Itisnotsomethingyoucoulddowith,butsomethingyouabsolutelycan’tdowithout.8.Youmaybe…someonewhoisneverembarrassedinsocialgatheringsbecauseyouaresowell-readandsoknowledgeable<orwhocanembarrassothersbymakingthemappearignorant>.9.Forsomereason,youfindthatthesewriterswholivedalongtimeagoseemtoknowmoreaboutyouthanyoudoyourself.10.Inreading,Icontinuetolookforonething.IhopethatIcanfindnewideasandnewperspectivesthatwillmakemechangethecourseofmylifeandputmeonanewandbetterroad.VI.Phrases炮制计划取得一种成就；获得一种技能/本领/功夫不太喜欢,没有好感内部消息课程目录拥有大量资金的大玩家首要的目标成功的前景印发证书教学的基本原则学术出版物与这问题无关〔他全身心投入社交生活建立关系网为他们谋生计视而不见与美国结盟德才兼备/全面发展的学生艰苦的任务挖掘他们的资源报界的恶评最新、最先进的健身设施得来不易的智慧VII.understatementmetaphorsimileoxymoronalliterationhyperboleeuphemismparallelstructureantithesisrhymeSentences我每次讲话都必须在弗洛伊德有关观点的基础上再努力往前探索。只是聪明的人都习惯于琢磨他们如何才能顺利谋生的问题。我当时提出,这种行为完全可以勒令他休学一段时间。黑色的豪华轿车开来停在他的办公室前面,从车里涌出来大批衣着得体的谈判人。我那位哥们吓得腿发软了吗？没有,他不是那种人,不过他实在不喜欢这个过程。你们可能会以为,对于大学教育不该有什么实质性的内容,不该以约翰·济慈喜欢称之为"心灵培养"为目的的这种观念,教授们和大学校长们一定会十分谨慎,不去张扬。……那些抱着热切期望的父母们,希望你们能实现自己的理想,或者希望你们能为他们实现当初没能实现的理想……常识是一种应该尊重的东西,不过不该向它顶礼膜拜〔我不是想和令人钦佩的伯克抬杠我认为不该向。他研究了宗教问题。他说这归根结底是对父亲的热切企盼。假如那位教授嘲弄你,因为你问了一个严肃的问题而不让有关的人都太平,那你就必须要坚强,保持你超然的分析的态度。 U2Ιapieceofequipmentofanold-fashionedradioorTVsetthatyouturntoadjustthevolumeofthesoundveryinterestedinandpleasedwithsomethingsothatyoupayalotofattentiontoittomakesomeonefeelthattheymustwatchorlistentosomethingorsomeone,becausetheyaresointerestedinitorattractedbyittoplayapieceofmusicusingtherightrhythmandspeedafirstappearanceinpublicasofanactoranuntidymixtureofthings<music>apassagethatisrepeatedtofastensomethingfirmlysothatitcannotmovesomethingthatdoesnotsucceed,ofteninawaythatcausesembarrassmentapublicperformanceofmusicorpoetry,usuallygivenbyonepersonorasmallgroupapersonwhoadjustsamusicalinstrument,especiallyapiano,sothatitplaysatthecorrectpitch<ofclothesorfabrics>treatedchemicallysoastorepelclothesmothV1.Iimaginedmyselfasdifferenttypesofprodigy,tryingtofindoutwhichonesuitedmethebest.2.Ihatedthetestsbecausetheyrepresentedhopessohighthatfailuretorealizethemwasinevitable.3.Ihadnewthoughts,whichwerefilledwithastrongspiritofdisobedienceandrebellion.4.ThegirlwasoftheShirleyTempletype,veryenergeticandlively.5.AlthoughIsawsignsthatwarnedmethatmymotherwasthinkingofturningmeintoagirllikethatonTV,Ididn’tfeelworried.6.OldChongwasconductinganinvisibleorchestrawhichwascreatedbyhisdreamingthought.7.Ipracticedthepianoundermymother’sinstructioneverydayforthenextyearasmyduty,butIplayedinanuncooperativewaytoshowmyrebellion.8.WhenIsaidthosewords,Ifeltthatsomeverynastythoughtshadgotoutofmychest,andIfeltsurprised.Butatthesametime,Ifeltgoodbecausethoseterriblethoughtshadbeensuppressedinmyheartforquiteawhileandtheyhadgotoutatlast.Icouldfeelthatherangerhadreachedthepointwhereherself-controlwouldcollapse,andIwantedtoseewhatmymotherwoulddowhenshelostcompletecontrolofherself.Whenthelidtothepianowasclosed,itshutoutthedustandalsoputanendtomymiseryandherdreams.VIPhrases几乎不用首付现款过高的希望和达不到的期盼短路我家起居室的唯一摆设力气大得吓人自行其是Sentences我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花,而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。在她告诉我答案前,她对了对手中的杂志,看看"赫尔辛基"是否能这样发音。她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这钢琴曲不长,但有点狂乱,有着迷人的特点,乐曲一开始是快节奏的,接着是欢快跳动的节拍,然后又回到嬉戏的部分。如果她的才气和她的脾气一样大,她早就出名了。而我的妈妈挺起胸膛,吹牛说,"我们的问题比你的更糟糕。如果你让精妹洗碗,她根本听不到,因为她满脑都是音乐,似乎她的天才是无法制止的。"我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作：先出右脚,脚尖点在地毯的玫瑰图案上,身子侧摆,左腿弯曲,抬头,微笑。我朝观众望去,看到了我妈木然的面孔,爸爸的哈欠,林朵阿姨的尴尬笑容和薇弗莉闷闷不乐的表情。一股凉气从头顶开始,然后一点点传到全身。但我却不能停止演奏,双手犹如着了魔。我不停地想,我的手指会调整好,就像火车会被扳到正确的轨道上。她的脸部失去了表情,嘴巴紧闭,双臂无力地垂下。她退出了房间,神色惊异,好像一小片枯黄的树叶被风吹走了,那样的单薄、脆弱、毫无生气。我第一次,或感觉好像是第一次,注意到右边的乐曲标题是《心满意足》。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松,但节奏同样流畅,不是很难。《祈求的孩子》较短、较慢,而《心满意足》更长、更快一些。在我弹了几遍后,我意识到,原来这两个曲子是同一首歌的两个组成部分。U3Iintheactofstrugglingwith<aproblem,decision,task,etc.>aforceproducingmotionorchangeprogramofthingstobedonetohavealotof,asiffullofholesafterashotgunblastdecisivelylargenumberofpeople<slang>tospendmuchofone'stime;tofrequenttocontrolsomeone,astoshowhimhowtobehaveoractanisolatedareaofaspecifiedtypetobecomepopularextendingfardowninarevealingwayV．1.YetGlobalizationisnotsomethingyoucanacceptorreject;itisalreadyafactoflife,whichyouwillencounterandhavetorespondtoeveryday.2.Politicalgroupswithbroadpopularsupporthaveemergedtotakeadvantageofpeople’sexistingworriesanduneasinessregardingforeign"culturalassault."3....inChina,closed-doorandopen-doorpolicytrendshavelongstruggledfordominance.4.TheChinesepeopleshouldcontinuetoliveabackwardlifewhilewelivecomfortablywithallmodernconveniences.5.Westernization...isaconceptfullofself-contradictionsandheldbypeopleofverydifferentbackgroundsandviews.6.Intryingtofindoutwhatfuturetrendswillbe,youdonotneedtobefashionableyourself.7.Asanopenandtechnologicallyadvancedcountrywithalargemarketforunusualthings,AmericaprovidedTomSloperwiththenecessaryconditionstodesignasoftwareprogramcombininganewWesterntechnologywiththeancientEasternrulesofmah-jongg.Andhewasabletosellhisproduct.8.Hewasmovingaround,playingagameviatheInternet,withpeoplelivingindifferenttimezones,hencetheircomputeractivitybrokedownthelimitsoftimezones.9.TheGuccistorehadnotexpectedthatinthefirsttwoweeksofitsopeninginShanghai,businesswouldbesogood.10.ThemeansofshowingrepentancemightbeparticulartotheJews,butthestrongdesiretoreceiveforgivenessfromGodiscommon.VI.今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化。用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫"全球化"。不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响——往往等同于美国的影响——会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测。现今原创极为困难。因此,最容易的办法就是把现存的东西组合在一起,拿出一个新玩意儿来。二十六万中国妇女每月都在阅读《时尚》杂志,那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。灯光熄灭,有一阵子,黑暗中惟一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。他们从当地文化中吸收了不少东西,但仍然保持了自己的本色。相互联系是人类天生的欲望,是其共同的命运。这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵纽带。U4I<withthe>thetheater,drama,oractingasaprofessioninagoodrepute;havingagoodreputation;well-thought-of;respectableamessengerofGodandasupernaturalbeingtowhomareattributedgreaterthanhumanpower,intelligence,etc.;apersonregardedasbeingasbeautiful,good,innocent,etc.asanangel,especiallysaidofwomenandchildrenanabilityandaskillthatonecandevelopwithtrainingandpracticeacurrentofcoldairflowingthrougharoomsly,cunningtrick;clevertalkortricksusedtopersuadesomeonetodowhatyouwantthemoneyorprofitderivedfromasale,businessventure,etc.tocauseaparticularphysicalcondition9.tolookcloselyandinquisitively 10.innameonlyVIfyouwanttobeamusicianorapainter,youmustownapianoorhiremodels,andyouhavetovisitorevenliveinculturalcenterslikeParis,ViennaandBerlin.Andalsoyouhavetobetaughtbymastersandmistresses.However,ifyouwanttobeawriter,youdon’tneedallthis.Inthepatriarchalsocietywomenareforcedintoalowerfinancialstatus.Asaresulttheycouldnotbecomesuccessfulinmostprofessionsexceptwritingasthelatterdidnotrequiremuchfinancialresources.Sherealizedthatmendidn’tapproveofawomandaringtotellthetruthaboutherbodyandherpassions.Theywouldsurelysaybadthingsaboutsuchawoman.Thisrealizationinterruptedherimaginationandrousedherfromthestateofunconsciousness,inwhichanartistdesiredtobe.Theprogressofwomenwriterswashinderedbymen’sextremelyconventionalthoughtsandbehaviors.Ibelieveitisverycommonforwomentohavethisexperience.Itwasasensiblethingformentogivethemselvesgreatfreedomtotalkabouttheirbodyandpassions.Butifwomenwanttohavethesamefreedom,menstronglydisapproveofit.AndIdonotbelievethattheyrealizehowseverelytheycondemnsuchfreedominwomen,nordoIbelievethattheycancontroltheirextremelyseverecondemnationofit.Itwilltakealongtimeforwomentoridthemselvesoffalsevaluesandattitudesandtoovercometheobstacletotellingthetruthabouttheirbodyandpassions.Regardingthementalandspiritualworld,theinnernatureofaperson,itisnotsimpleatallforawomanwriter,forshestillhasmanyobstaclesandprejudicestoovercome.Evenwhenthepathisopentowomenofficially,whenoutwardlythereisnothingtopreventawomanfrombeingadoctor,alawyer,acivilservant,inwardlytherearestillfalsethoughtsandvaluesasobstaclesimpedingawoman’sprogress.VIPhrases与邻居发生严重纠纷借一首著名诗歌中女主人公之名扼住她的喉咙持续慵懒的状态在无意识深处不用修辞手段、直截了当地说男性极端的因循守旧以什么为条件,在什么样的条件下Sentences1.我的专业是文学,而在这个专业中,妇女的特殊经历比其他专业中妇女面临的特殊经历要少,舞台艺术是个例外。2.她擅长家庭生活的各项高难度技能。下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情,当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我的了不起的祖先,是他们给我留下了一笔财产——比如说每年五百英镑吧——这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。我相信,妇女只有在人类知识所涉及的全部艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后,她们才能知道什么是妇女。这就是我今天来到这里的原因,是出于对你们的尊敬,因为你们正在用你们的经验告诉我们妇女是什么,并正在通过你们的成功与失败,为我们提供尤为重要的信息。他希望在他写作时,他每天见的人,读的书,做的事都是相同的,这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想,也不会搅乱他的四处探求、摸索以及对那令人难以捉摸的容易被吓跑的东西——想象力的突然发现。尽管如此,我还是想说我是在似睡非睡的状态中创作小说。我认为讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的,因为只有如此我们才能共同努力并克服困难。那些目的是什么,对这个问题我们不能想当然认为已经解决了,而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。这个自由只是个开端,现在屋子是你自己的了,但它依然是空的,它需要装修和装饰,需要与人分享。VIIEarlywomenwritershadmadetheirwayintotheprofessionofliterature;manyfamouswomenwritersandmanymoreunknownorforgottenwomenwritershavemadetheircontributionstoliteratureandhavepavedthewayforwriterslikemeandtheyarenowguidingmeasImoveforward.Therewasnoneedforawritertospendmuchofthefamilymoneyinordertowrite.WhileIwaswritingthebookreview,IfoundthatifIweregoingtoreviewbooks,Ihadtofightanddoawaywithadreadedillusion,afearedvisionexistinginmymind.ThefalsebeliefaboutwhataproperwomanshouldbeoftencausedargumentsorproblemsbetweenmeandwhatIwaswriting.Thoseconventionalattitudeswouldhavetakenawaythemostimportantpartofmywriting,thatis,theessenceofmywriting.Thus,wheneverIfelttheinfluenceofVictorianattitudesonmywriting,Ifoughtbackwithallmypower.AllwomenwritershadtomakecontinuouseffortstofightagainstthestronginfluenceofVictorianattitudesaboutthetraditionalroleofwomen.Thewriter’simaginationhadfreelyexploredandexaminedthedepthsoftheunconsciousbeing,wherehiddenthoughts,feelingsandimpulsesweretobefound.Nowherimaginationhaddisappeared.Thensuddenlythewriter’simaginationcameacrossabigobstacle,andshewasrousedfromherartist’sstateofunconsciousness.Somewomenhavegainedapositionoracertaindegreeoffreedominasocietywhichhasuptonowbeendominatedbymen.U5I．1.

monthofSundays<Para.1>:<colloquial>alongtime,quiteawhile2.

submit<Para.5>:toofferasanopinion;suggest,propose3.

flight<Para.8>:fleeingorrunningawayfrom.Hereitmeansthenarratorsuddenlystopped4.

intheswim<Para.17>:conformingtothecurrentfashions,oractiveinthemaincurrentofaffairs5.

pin-up<Para25>:<Americancolloquialism>apostershowingafamouspersonorsexsymbol,designedtobedisplayedonawall6.

carriage<Para.26>:aperson’sbearingordeportment7.

keen<Para.29>:<Americanslang>good,fine,excellent,etc.,ageneraltermofapproval8.

mince<Para.45>:tolessentheforceof;weaken,asbyeuphemism9.

casualkick<Para.55>:<Americancolloquialism>anoccasionalpleasure;acasualrelationship;apassingaffair;notaseriouscommitment10.deposit<Para97>:<formalandhumoroushere>toput,layorsetdown11.brief<Para105>:aconcisestatementofthemainpointsofalawcase,usuallyfiledbycounselfortheinformationofthecourt12.nuts<Para.109>:<Americanslang>anexclamationofdisgust,scorn,disappointment,refusal,etc.13.let-up<Para123>:stopping;relaxing14.well-heeled<Para.124>:<Americanslang>rich,prosperous

V.Ibelievefollowingpassingcrazesshowsacompletelackofsoundjudgment.Oneafternoon,whenIwentbacktomydorm,Peteywaslyingonhisbed.HeworesuchadepressedlookthatIthoughthewassufferingfromappendicitis.Mybrain,whichisaspreciseasachemist’sscales,begantoworkathighspeed.Shewasbeautifulandattractiveenoughtoarousethedesiresandpassionsofmen,butIwouldnotletfeelingsgettheupperhandofreason.IwantedPollyforacarefullythought-outreason.Shewasnotyetasattractiveasthefamouspeopledisplayedonwallposters,butIfeltsurethat,giventime,shewouldbejustasglamorous.Infact,shewentintheoppositedirection.Shewasratherstupid.Ifyouwerenolongerdatingher,otherswouldbefreetocourther.Helookedatthecoatthenlookedawayfromthecoat.Everytimehelooked,hisdesireforthecoatgrewstrongerandhisresolutionnottogiveup[away]Pollybecameweaker.Toteachhertothinkappearedtobeaverydifficulttask,andatfirstIeventhoughtofgivingherbacktoPetey.Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.VI.Phrases愚蠢到了极点惊愕地失声低语一个不知所措、左右为难的人挺着下巴,表示坚定不屈对某种一般的陈述进行限定学不会逻辑的脑袋；对逻辑一窍不通〔她紧锁眉头,聚精会神〔进行思考一丝智慧的闪光把波莉培养成逻辑学家强大的意志力Sentences像查尔斯·兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的人物并不常见,他写了《古瓷》和《梦中的孩子》两篇文章,这两篇文章可以说解放了散文。那么,就读读下面这篇文章吧,它将向我们展示逻辑并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的学科；恰恰相反,逻辑是一个活生生的事物,充满美丽、激情和心灵的创伤。我的头脑象发电机一样强大,像药剂师的天平一样精确,像手术刀一样锐利。她亭亭玉立、体态优雅,这一切都表明她出身高贵。我一下子打开了手提箱,露出一团毛乎乎的气味刺鼻的东西。这么可爱的人可不容易找。我要是意志不坚定,我就不是我了。我皱了一下眉头,但鼓足勇气地继续往下讲。也许,在她死火山般的脑袋里,还有一点余火仍在闪烁冒烟。这回波莉该动心了〔应该能达到我的目的了,我双臂交叉在胸前,想道。VII.HastyGeneralizationPostHocHypothesisContrarytoFactDictoSimplicitorAdMisericordiamPostHocDictoSimplicitorHastyGeneralizationFalseAnalogyContradictoryPremisesPoisoningtheWellU7I.implement<Para.2>:<noun>atool,utensil,orotherpieceofequipment,especiallyasusedforaparticularpurposewalk-on<Para.4>:aminorroleinwhichtheactorhasnoorveryfewspokenlinespatchwork<Para.8>:athingcomposedofmanydifferentelementssoastoappearvariegatedrattletrap<Para.8>:anoldorricketyvehiclespectrum<Para.11>:abroadrangeofvariedbutrelatedideasorobjects,theindividualfeaturesofwhichtendtooverlapsoastoformacontinuousseriesorsequencesermon<Para.11>:anyserioustalkonbehavior,responsibility,etc.,esp.along,tediousonestage<Para.11>:torepresent,produce,orexhibitonorasifonastageroped-off<Para.11>:enclosed,partitioned,ormarkedoffwitharopeorropesslippery<Para.15>:liabletochange;unstableappreciably<Para.15>:noticeably,considerablyV.1970stextbooksnolongerfocusontheheroismofindividualpresidents.Instead,theytreatthepresidentsasagroup,andarguethat,consideringthetremendousdifficultiestheyfaced,mostofthemdidfairlywell.Thereareexceptions,ofcourse.Afewmadeincorrectdecisions,buttheywerenotmentionedbyname.<Para.4>The1970stextsimplythatAmericanswere,afterall,notasinnocentasportrayed.<Para.6>Peoplehardlythoughtaboutquestioningthetruthfulnessofthetextbooksbecausethetextbooksseemedtooccupyaseparaterealm.Itdidn’tmatterthatwhatwaswritteninthetextbooksdifferedfromwhatactuallyhappenedorfromwhatpeoplebelieved.<Para.7>Thepastisnotadirectcoursetothepresent;thingsdonotrunsmoothlyandprogressivelyanymore.Instead,thepastisacollectionofscatteredissuesandevents.Theydonotformanorganicwholeorprogressinanysingledirection.<Para.8>Nomatterwhatwethinkordo,historyismovingforward.Historyisnotadaptingtous.Weneedtoadapttothewayhistorydevelops.<Para.8>Inthesebooks,historyisclearlynotasequencedlisting,byhistorians,ofthingsthathappened.<Para.10>Ratherthandiametricallydifferentteachingmethods,thereisabroadrangeofpedagogicalapproaches,justasthereisavarietyofpoliticalviewpoints.<Para.11>Thenineteenth-centuryphotographsofchildlaborersandurbansubstandardhousingaresobeautifulthattheytakereadersbeyondtheimmediateuglinessoftheirsubjects,obscuringcriticalissuesthatreadersneedtopayattentionto.<Para.13>The1950shistorytextbooksweresimpleandimmature,butthe1970stextsareunconventionalanduncivilized,bombardingallofthesensesinanundiscriminatingfashion.Americanhistoryisnolongerboring;itissoappealingtotheeye,ear,andtouchthatitdistractsstudents’attentionfromthehistoryitself.<Para.13>Weknowthateachhistoriantosomeextentrecreatestheworldinanewanddifferentway.Wealsoknowthattosomeextentallhistoryreflectscontemporaryperspectivesandviewpoints.Inotherwords,historianswritebackfromwheretheystand.<Para.14>VI.是因为和其他书比起来,历史书看起来充满了权威。<Para.1>美国历史教材字斟句酌、严谨慎重、呆板无趣,而且像中国皇帝一样拒人于千里之外。<Para.1>六十年代的那一代人曾经认为,无论他们如何抗议,历史课本都不会改变。这个想法一定很让人放心,因为,当他们的意见发生作用时,关于核雨和粗制滥造的房子的歌曲收进历史课本,他们竟然浑然不觉。<Para.5>从意识形态上来说,五十年代写就的历史书坚如磐石、天衣无缝。<Para.7>历史书的正统观念看起来无懈可击,永不衰败。<Para.7>过去依据宪法有章可循,依靠总统仁慈善为,国家运转顺利,但是现在整个体系都变的破旧不堪岌岌可危。<Para.8>以前的历史书在末尾章节总是会提到科学进步和总统大选,把当代社会描绘成宁静美好的天堂,但是如今的历史书总是以各种各样的问题结束：种族问题、城市问题、外交问题、以及污染、贫困、能源枯竭、青春叛逆、暗杀、毒品等等。<Para.8>在问题面前,美国人仍然希望科学之神能够从天而降,神奇地解决一切问题,但这样的愿望虚无缥缈、不切实际。<Para.8>和大众读物不同,教科书不会写出来然后任其自生自灭。<Para.15>这个短暂存在的版本就成为孩子们永恒不变的历史,决定了他们如何理解自己的国家。<Para.15>U8I.tocarrytheday<4>:

towin;toovercometheoppositionofothersroughgoing<4>:

terriblyhardforprogresstowardagoalestablishment<4>:

inEngland,acomplexconsistingofthechurch,theroyalfamilyandtheplutocracy,regardedasholdingthechiefmeasureofpowerandinfluencerumoredsightings<8>:unconfirmedreportsofpeoplehavingseenhimfromadistanceschool<8>:agroupofpeopleheldtogetherbythesameteachings,beliefs,opinions,methods,etc.following<8>:agroupoffollowersoradherentsoutofsorts<11>:

slightlyupsetorunhappytoreadinto<12>:

toattribute<aparticularmeaning>to;toprojectexcessivesignificanceintosomethingV.IknewthatOppenheimerwasamanofgreattalentbuthiswayofshowinghistalentatmyseminarscauseduneasinessandresentmentamongpeople,especiallyamonghisfellowstudents.Sincethoseattendingtheconferencewerepeopledevotedtopoetry,suchananecdote,thoughinteresting,mightnotbeappreciatedbytheaudience.Thereweretworeasonsformygoingtotheconferencesetagainstthereasonsformynotgoingandtheybecamedecisiveinmyfinaldecision.Accordingtomyview,Spenderbelongstothegroupwhosewritingsabouttheirlives,experiences,thatiswhoseautobiographies,aremoreinterestingthantheirliteraryworks.LikeDirac,Audenwasoutstandinginclarity.Hewasalsooutstandinginhispowerfuluseofthelanguageandinhissenseoffunaboutseriousissues.Alltheseaspectsgreatlyfascinatedme.Spender’srecordofhisvisitisinterestingnotonlybecauseofthethingshementionsbutalsobecauseofthethingshedoesnotsay.Inhisbook/hisautobiography,Spenderfailstogiveaconnected,completepictureofOppenheimeranddoesnotmentionthatOppenheimer’sbackgroundandsituationandSpender’sarecloselyintertwined.Therealpersonlookedmuchmoreinterestingthanthepictures.Maybeoneshouldnotattachtoomuchimportancetoappearances.Hehadlivedlongerthananyofhismorefamousfriendsbuthisworkstillrevealedtheinfluencesofhisfriends,especiallyAuden.VI.他很少说话,但一旦开口,他的话往往是极为精确,而且常常具有压倒一切的威力。至少我现代风格的作品会给人带来欢乐,就如英国的主教在论述量子力学。他的眼睛带有一种警觉而冷冷的目光。这种目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。奥本海默曾因被疑为对国家不忠而受到"审讯",其接触国家机密文件的权利被剥夺。跟爱因斯坦一样,他没有建立学派,没有追随者,也没有培养出几个学生。他说,"物理学上真正有价值的见地,只属于个人。"瞧,清晨披着金黄色的氅篷,踏着高山上的露珠从东方走来。可怜的斯蒂芬·斯宾达,可怜的罗伯特·奥本海默,每个人都被局限在,如果不是归类到,不错之列,而他们又清楚地知道什么叫做出类拔萃,这就使他们不可避免地感到悲哀。U10<slang>powerandinfluenceascienceandartofhomemaking,includingnutrition,clothing,budgeting,andchildcareashortperiodoftimeduringwhichyoudosomethingalot,especiallysomethingthatisbadforyouastructurewithasteepslopethatchildrenuseforslidingdownanarrangementofhorizontalandverticalbarserectedasinaplaygroundforchildrentoclimbon,swingfrom,etc.thedividinglineformedbycombingthehairindifferentdirectionsrevealingwhatismeanttobekeptasecretfame;honor<colloquial>tosingleoutasforabuseorcriticism;annoyorteasealong,narrowhousewithroomsarrangedonebehindtheotherafive-and-ten-centstorewheresupposedlyeverythingcostsonlyafewcentsthepeakorvisorofacapV.Thisisperhapsbecausetheyonlyhaveplacesofbirth,butnotplaceswheretheyfeelathomeandwhichtheyidentifythemselveswith.Butthesegirlsarestronglyinfluencedbytheirhometowns,andtheinfluencestayswiththemforeverevenaftertheyleavetheirhometowns.Thebrowngirlsliveinquietblackneighborhoodwhereeverybodyhasagoodandsteadyjob.Thehusbanddoesnotknowthatasthebrowngirldefinessexasvulgarandindecent,shewillnotenjoyanormalsexuallifethoroughlyandwhollybutwillrestrainherselfinmakinglovewithherhusband.Ifhisneedswerephysicalratherthanemotional,shecouldmeetthem.Shecouldmakehimcomfortableandgivehimenoughorevenmorethanenoughtosatisfyhisphysicalneeds.Hewaseitherboredorscaredbyhismotherathome,neverfeelinghappy,andasaresultheregardedtheplaygroundashisonlyjoy.ShewastotallyabsorbedinthinkinghowbeautifultheflowerswerewhensuddenlyJuniorcried,"Hereissomethingforyou!"ShehadseenpoorgirlslikePecolaeverywhereandallthetime.TherearetoomanygirlslikePecola.Asthegirlsweregrow