十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

豌豆语法课——虚拟语调豌豆群：7298916第1页第1页虚拟语调虚拟语调是一个特殊动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说话不是一个事实，而是一个假设、猜想、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、提议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。一、虚拟语调概念第2页第2页

虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反假设与过去相反假设与未来相反假设If+主语+动词过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋动词原形第3页第3页二基本三种情况1、表示与现在事实相反情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do

eg：

1．IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.

2．IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.

3．Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth2、表示与过去事实相反情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedone

eg：

1．

IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.

2．Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.第4页第4页3、表示对未来情况主观推测

主句：主语+should/could/would/might+do

从句：①if+主语+weretodo

②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were

eg：

1．Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.

2．IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.

3．IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.第5页第5页三、使用虚拟条件句要注意几点：１．有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语调形式应作相应调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句动作与过去事实相反，而主句动作与现在或现在正在发生事实不符。

eg：

IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.

Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.

②从句动作与现在事实相反，而主句动作与过去事实不符。如：

Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.。

Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.．．第6页第6页2当虚拟条件句谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if能够省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。Eg：①Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.②Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.③Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.。第7页第7页

3、非真实条件句中条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其它方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，butfor…等

Eg：

Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.

Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.

Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.

第8页第8页4、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句能够省略其中一个，来表示说话人一个强烈感情。

①省略从句

Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完毕了。

Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你本能通过这次考试。

②省略主句

IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

IfonlyIhadgotit.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。5注意，在虚拟语调从句中，动词be过去时态一律用were，不用was。

eg：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.

第9页第9页四、虚拟语调在名词从句中利用1用于宾语从句⑴、wish后面宾语从句中。普通用虚拟语调，表示一个不也许实现愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完毕时表未来would,might,could＋动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.第10页第10页⑵用于表示命令、提议、要求等一类词后面宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持说之意时，应用陈说语调，作“果断主张；果断要求”讲时，用虚拟语调。如：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.．第11页第11页

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should能够省略．

2用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.第12页第12页3虚拟语调在主语从句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面从句中谓语动词用：should+动词原形1It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

第13页第13页B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也惯用(should)+动词原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.第14页第14页

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．五、虚拟语调在其它从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导感慨句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在情况,应用过去式;假如是过去情况,应用过去完毕时态IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!第15页第15页3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完毕时

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)看起来惯用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完毕式(haddone).Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit第16页第16页5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.第17页第17页四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来能够---mighthavedone本来也许---should/oughttohavedone本来应当做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--

你本不应当告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我弟兄做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做----Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.第18页第18页Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____n