议论类文章阅读高（初）-英语语法

1

英语

议论类文章阅读团高（初）

知识定位

目前中考英语议论文是一种很常见的考试形式，通过摆事实，讲道理，运用逻

辑推理来

表明作者对某一问题的观点和态度，阐发对某一现象的见解和主见。主要考察

学生对主旨大

意，事实细节，词义猜测和逻辑推理的能力。

知识梳理

1.主旨大意型

做这类题，要找准主题句。每段的主题句（常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和

归纳

分析）一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。

然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以

偏概全。

1）干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。

2）干扰项可能属从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。

3）干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

请看以下文章：

Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.Amongthesepeoplewas

aman

namedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistime

heplanneda

gamewhichhecalled^Lexico^.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththe

game,sohe

madeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico"to"Alph"and

thento

“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn't

haveanyreal

commercial（商业性的）success。

Q：Thetextismainlyabout。

A.LexicoB.ThreemenC.AwordgameD.AlfredButts

很显然这道题最佳答案应该是D,因为文章的每一句话都舞的是AlfredButts

所做

的事情。而A和C都有些以偏概全。

2.事实细节型

解题原则：忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。

有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行回问，所

晌

题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文

中找到，找出

最贴近原话的选项。

3.词义猜测型

同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连接的两项内容在含义上

是接近

的或递进的，由此可以推测。

反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之,

词与

词间都起着互为线索的作用。

释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出

并加

2

以解释说明。

情景推断法、代词替代法等

例如：MostwomeninGhana--theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,the

young

andoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewives

andmotherSo

Q：WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedworcTilliterate"?

A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sick

在本题中，即使我们不认识illiterate这个词，urban和rural也不认识，但没

关系，大

家一定认识youngandold,那么我们就可以推测educated和illiterate一定也

是一对反义词或

对应词，所以不难判断出答案为Co其中educated受过教育的，那自然

illiterate便是没有

受过教育的；

4.推理判断型

透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。

以原文内容为前团，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明

的现

象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。

做题要领：

既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态

度、意

图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守

自己的看法或

观点。

例题精讲

【试题来源】

【题目】

Likemanypeople,Ihavenoclearideaaboutheroes.Atsomepoint,weallwonder

ifwe

needaheroandwhataheroreallyis.

Althoughtherearealotofdifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworld

generallysharea

numberofcharacteristics（特点）whichgiveuscourageandmakeuswanttolearn

fromthem.A

herodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasaspecialstorytotelland

peoplethinkhighly

ofit.Butaheroisnotjustthepersonwithgreatfame（声誉）.

Aherohaspowers（力量）largerthanhimself.Somepeoplewanttolivelikeahero,

andthey

havetoexperiencelifewithnewandfurthermeaning.Asuretestforwould-be

heroesiswhator

whomtheyserve.Whatdotheywanttoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswersuggests

theyserveonly

theirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.

Aherohasavisionfromthemountaintop.Hehasthepowertomovepeople.He

createsnew

possibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartofBritain.WithoutMartin

LutherKing,Jr”

Americansmighttakedifferentbuses,eatindifferentrestaurants,goforwalksin

differentparks,

andshopindifferentstoresbecauseofthedifferentcoloursoftheirskin.

Theremightbechangesinsocietywithoutahero,butthespeedofchangewould

berather

slow.Thankstoheroesinhistory,theymakethesocietydevelopsorapidly.

【选项】

1.Accordingtothispassage,aheroisapersonwhoalways,

A.givesuscourage

B.thinkshighlyofothers

C.sharesgreatfame

D.standsonthemountaintop

3

2.Ifyouwanttolivelikeahero,youshould.

A.experienceanewandmeaningfullife

B.listentosomethingworthtalkingabout

C.serveyourownfameandtrytobefamous

D.knowwhereandhowyouwanttoliveanddie

3.Theunderlinedword“vision"inthepassagemeans“〃.

A.风景B.想象

C.远见D.形象

4.BlackpeopleinAmericausedtobeforeMartinLutherKing,Jr..

A.shopatthewhite'sstores

B.drivebuseswiththewhite

C.takewalksinthewhite'sparks

D.eatinrestaurantswithoutthewhite

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Wedon/tneedheroesanymoreatsomepointnow.

B.Heroesareallthesamethoughdifferentincultures.

C.Peoplegetpowerfromheroestomovetoanewplace.

D.Oursocietyhasdevelopedfasterbecauseofheroesinhistory.

【答案】AACDD

【解析】

本文主要介绍了人们心目中英雄的形象，以及英雄应该具备的主要特征，最后点

名了英雄对

整个社会的作用。

1.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句heroesaroundtheworldgenerallysharea

numberof

characteristics（特点）whichgiveuscourageandmakeuswanttolearnfromthem.

可推断答案为

Ao

2.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Aherohaspowers（力量）largerthan

himself.Some

peoplewanttolivelikeahero,andtheyhavetoexperiencelifewithnewand

furthermeaning.可

推断答案为Ao

3.C词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句Aherohasavisionfromthemountaintop.的

句义〃英雄

通常都很有远见〃。可推断答案为Co

4.D细节理解题。根据第四段第三句WithoutMartinLutherKing,Jr.,Americans

might

takedifferentbuses,eatindifferentrestaurants,goforwalksindifferentparks,and

shopin

differentstoresbecauseofthedifferentcoloursoftheirskin.口丁推断答案为Do

5.D细节理解题。根据第五段大意可得知答案为Do第五段大意为"没有英雄，

社会也许

也会发生变化，但速度绝对不会这么快。幸亏在历史上有英雄的存在，社会才会

进步的如此

之快”。

【知识点】议论类文章阅读团高（初）

【适用场合】当堂例题

【难度系数】4

【试题来源】

【题目】

AnewTVseriesinEngland，Awayfromitalhhassurprisedeveryonebybecominga

huge

successwithyoungpeopleacrossthecountry.Itssuccessissurprisingbecausethe

seriesisabout

therelaxinglifestylesofpeoplewholiveinthecountry.Thereisnoneoftheaction

thatwe

4

usuallyseeonTVtoday.Therearealsonostressfulmoments,busyofficesor

crowded

cities.AwayfromitallissetinthepeacefulEnglishcountrysideandtellssimple

storiesabout

people'skindness.

ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisasignofteenagerssufferingfrom

stress.TheysaythatwatchingAwayfromitallhelpsteenagersforgetaboutthe

pressures（压力）of

examsandhomework,andthetroublesthatfilltheworldtoday.Theyalsosaythat

it'sagoodsign

oftoday'syoungpeopleswitchingto（转至力happierTVseriesasitshowstheywould

likea

happierandhealthierworld.

Althoughtheseries'successmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparentsare

worried,

however.Theysaythatsomeoftheirstudentsandchildrenarebecomingcouch

potatoes（终日泡

在电视机前的人）andareusingAwayfromitallasanexcusefornotcompleting

homework.Somechildrenhaveevenrefusedtolearnforexamsbecausetheysay

thattheycan

onlyachievepersonalhappinessbyavoiding（避免）stressfulsituationscompletely.

Andwhatdotheexperts（专家）say?PaulaRay,adoctorofeducation,saysthatTV

can

influencechildren'slifestyles.Butshesaysthatifachildreactsstrongly,it'slikely

thatthereare

otherreasonsforhischangeinbehaviour.Shesaysthatthereisnothingwrongwith

watching

AwayfromitallbutsuggeststhatparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenknowTVis

notthe

sameasreallife.

【选项】

1.ThesuccessofthenewTVseriesissurprisingbecause.

A.itisdifferentfromothersuccessfulTVseriesB.itisthesameasothersuccessful

TVseriesC.itisabouttheEnglishcountrysideD.itisaboutlifeinbusyoffices

2.ThedirectorofAwayfromitallbelievesthattheserieshelpsyoungpeopledeal

with.

A.simplestoriesB.stressC.couchpotatoesD.exams

3.Thesuccessoftheseriesshowsthatyoungpeoplewouldlike.

A.aworldwithnohomeworkB.EnglishTVseriesC.relaxingjobsD.ahappierand

healthierworld

4.Whoareworriedabouttheeffectsoftheseries?

A.Expertsandteenagers.B.Teachersandexperts.C.Teachersand

parents.D.Youngpeopleandparents.

【答案】ABDC

【解析】

电视剧Awayfromitall的巨大成功在于教会孩子学会放松，减压。同时要引导

孩子电视和

真实的生活毕竟不同，要树立适应自己的生活学习，适应社会的方式。

1.A细节理解题。由第一段可知。Itssuccessissurprisingbecausetheseriesisabout

therelaxing

lifestylesofpeoplewholiveinthecountry.Thereisnoneoftheactionthatwe

usuallyseeonTV

today.

2.B.细节理解题。由第二段ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisa

signof

teenagerssufferingfromstress.TheysaythatwatchingAwayfromitallhelps

teenagersforget

aboutthepressures（压力）ofexamsandhomework,andthetroublesthatfillthe

worldtoday.They

alsosaythatitsagood可知导演旨在通过连续剧帮助孩子们减压，使孩子们放

松。

3.D细节理解题。由第二段Theyalsosaythatitsagoodsignoftoday'syoung

peopleswitching

to（转至!1）happierTVseriesasitshowstheywouldlikeahappierandhealthier

world.有孩子们喜

5

欢这部连续剧表明孩子们需要一个快乐健康的生活世界。

4.C.细节理解题。由第三段电视剧的成功也给老师和家长带来了担忧。Although

theseries,

successmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparentsareworried,担心孩子

们以此为借口

终日看电视，不完成学业。

【知识点】议论类文章阅读团高（初）

【适用场合】当堂例题

【难度系数】4

习题演练

【试题来源】

【题目】

Recentlyaspecialist（专家）inteenagerstudiesdoessomeresearchonteenage

problems.Hethinks

parentsshouldn'tbeblamedofthemselvesbecausethereisnothingtheycandoto

dealwiththe

teenageproblem.Whatevertheydo,sometimesawonderful,kindandhelpful

childwillturnintoa

terribleanimal.

I'veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmother

insistedthatherson,

shouldstandup,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentlemanwheneveranyone

enteredtheroom.

IsawhimlastweekwhenIvisitedthem.Lyingonthesofa,hemadenoattemptto

turnoffthe

loudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin.Hismotherwasangry.n\don'tknowwhat

todowith

himthesedays//shesaid・"He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim・“

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He'sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.She

saidthatshe

wouldliketothrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,

reachacrossthe

table,stareatmeandsay,"Idon'tlikeyourdress,it'sugly."Oneofthedaughters

hasrecently

beendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhaslefthome.

“Wheredidwegowrong?”Herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynothingis

wrongwiththe

parents.

【选项】

小题l:Thistextismostprobablywrittenby.

A.Aspecialistinteenagerstudies

B.aheadmasterofamiddleschool

C.aparentwithteenagechildren

D.adoctorformentalhealehproblems

〃、题2:Thisunderlinedword"it"inthesecondparagraphrefersto・

A.thechangeofthechildrenfromgoodtobad

B.thewaythatparentsoftenblamethemselves

C.theopinionthatachildhasofhisparents

D.theadvicethatparentswanttheirchildrentofollow

小题3:Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas・

A.lazyB.quiet

C.unusualD.rude

小题4:Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?

A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.

B.Parentsshouldpaymoreattentiontothechange.

C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.

D.Parentsareafaultforthechangeintheirchildren.

【答案】AADA

【解析】

这篇短文讲述一位青少年研究学专家解释一些青少年出现的常见问题。这位专

家表明，很多

孩子并不是不懂礼貌、不懂事理，只不过他们不愿意去那样做。并且孩子出现

的问题并不是

父母的错，也不是父母所能选择的。

6

小题1:推理判断题。根据文章开头第一句Recentlyaspecialist（专家）inteenager

studiesdoes

someresearchonteenageproblems.“最近译为青少年研究专家做了一些有关青少

年问题的调

查。〃后文回到的都是有关青少年的一些问题，可以推断本文应该是青少年研究专

家所写。

故选Ao

小题2:细节理解题。it上文团到的是一些青少年问题，因此it指代的是teenage

problemo故

选Ao

小题3:推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四行Lyingonthesofa,hemadeno

attempttoturnoff

theloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin."他躺在沙发上看电视，当我进来时也并

不打算关

掉他正在看的吵闹的电视。”以及后文这个孩子妈妈说的话He'sforgottenallthe

mannerswe

taughthim.〃他将我教他的礼貌都忘了。〃可知这个男孩的行为是粗鲁的，故选Do

小题4:推理判断题。文章最后一句Probablynothingiswrongwiththeparents.〃很

可能并不是

我们父母的问题。〃表明了作者的态度，孩子出现的问题并不是父母的错，不是

我们所能选

择的。故选Ao

【知识点】议论类文章阅读团高（初）

【适用场合】当堂例题

【难度系数】3

【试题来源】

【题目】

"Chinesestyleroadcrossing"isahottopicinChina.Manycitieshavestartedto

punishthese

jaywalkers.

"Chinesestyleroadcrossing"meansthatyoucrossroadswithlotsofpeopleandyou

don't

thinkabouttrafficlightsatall.

Beijinggovernmentannouncedthatpeoplewhodonotwaitforthegreenlightto

crossthe

roadwillreceiveafineof10yuan.What'smore,usingthediagonaltocrosstheroad

isalso

againsttherules.Walkersshouldwalkinan"L"shape.BesidesBeijing,manyplaces

havealso

takenstepstostop"Chinesestyleroadcrossing".ProvincessuchasSichuan,Shanxi

andZhejiang

havealreadystartedtofinejaywalkers5to50yuansincelastyear.Thispunishment

cancallon

peopletorealizetheimportanceoftrafficsafety.However,manypeoplecomplain

thatthered

lightslasttoolong."Everyoneshouldfollowtherules,orthecountrywillloseits

order,"said

PeopleDaily.

Somecitieshavealsopaidattentiontotheproblem.Forexample,Beijing

governmentsaidit

shouldnotonlypunishthesejaywalkers,butalsoimproveroadsafetyfacilities,such

asproperly

fixingtrafficlightsandbuildingoverpasses*.Anyhowsafetymustcomefirst.

【选项】

小题l:Howmanyplaceshavealreadystartedtofinejaywalkers?

A.3B.4C.5D.6

小题2:Manypeoplecomplainthatthelasttoolong.

A.greenlightsB.yellowlights

C.redlightsD.trafficlights

小题3:WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Beijinghastakenstepstostop"Chinesestyleroadcrossing".

B.Walkersshouldusethediagonaltocrosstheroad.

C.Zhejianghasn'tstartedtofinejaywalkersyet,

D.InBeijingjaywalkerswillreceiveafineof50yuan.

7

小题4:What*sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThetrafficlightsB.Safetycomesfirst

C.An"L"shapeD.Trafficrules

【答案】BCAB

【解析】

这篇短文讲述在中国有很多不遵守交通规则的人，在过马路时不看交通灯。现在

已经有地方

采取政策，对于这样的人进行惩罚。

小题1:细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话Beijinggovernmentannounced

thatpeoplewho

donotwaitforthegreenlighttocrosstheroadwillreceiveafineof10yuan."W匕京

政府宣城不等

绿灯就穿马路的人要处以10元罚款。”以及第五行ProvincessuchasSichuan,

Shanxiand

Zhejianghavealreadystartedtofinejaywalkers5to50yuansincelastyear.“像四

川、山西和浙

江这些省份自从去年起就开始对于不收交规的人处以5到50元罚款。”可知是

四个地方，

故选Bo

小题2:细节理解题.根据文章第三段倒数第二行However,manypeoplecomplain

thatthered

lightslasttoolong."然而许多人抱怨红灯持续时间过长。”可知，故选C。

小题3:细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四行BesidesBeijing,manyplaceshave

alsotakensteps

tostop"Chinesestyleroadcrossing".可知A正确；根据第三段第二行Whats

more,usingthe

diagonaltocrosstheroadisalsoagainsttherules.可知B错误；根据第三段第五行

Provinces

suchasSichuan,ShanxiandZhejianghavealreadystartedtofinejaywalkers5to50

yuansince

lastyear.可知C错误；根据第三段第一句话Beijinggovernmentannouncedthat

peoplewhodo

notwaitforthegreenlighttocrosstheroadwillreceiveafineof10yuan.可知D

错误。故选Ao

小题4:标题归纳题。本篇阅读主要讲述中国一些人不遵守交通规则的现象，许

多地方已经采

取措施进行治理。作者并在文章最后表示安全第一，故选Bo

【知识点】议论类文章阅读团高（初）

【适用场合】当堂练习题

【难度系数】3

【试题来源】

【题目】

Mobilephones（手机）havebecomeaproblemformiddleschools.Somemiddle

schoolsin

Australiahavestoppedstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonesduringschoolhours.

Themobile

phoneuseamongchildrenhasbecomeaproblemfortheschoolthisyear.Several

childrenhave

gotmobilephonesasChristmasgifts,andmorestudentswillwantthem.

Mary,ateacher,saidthemobilephoneuseisadistractiontostudentsduringschool

hours

anditalsogivesteacherssomuchtroubleintheirclassrooms.Teachersalsosaid

thatsometimes

studentsmightusephonemessagestocopyduringexams.Shesaidsomeschools

triedtostop

mobilephones.Someparentsfeltunhappybecausetheycouldn'tgetintouchwith

theirchildren.

Manyteacherssaidstudentsshouldnothavemobilephonesatschool,butifthere

wasagood

reason,theycouldleavetheirphonesattheschooloffice.Theyalsosaidtherewere

manyreasons

whythestudentsshouldnothavemobilephonesatschool,theywereeasytolose

andwere

adistractionforstudies.

Manypeoplesaythattheyunderstandwhyparentswouldwanttheirchildrento

havephones,

buttheythinkschoolsshouldletthestudentsknowwhentheycanusetheirmobile

phones.

【选项】

小题l:SomemiddleschoolsinAustraliahavestoppedstudentsfromcarrying

mobile

phones.

A.becausetheyarestudentsB.whentheyarefree

C.whentheyareatschoolD.becausetheyarechildren

小题2:Weknowfromthepassagethatsomechildrengetmobilephonesfrom

A.themakersandsellersB.theteachers

C.theirparentsandfriendsD.somemobilephoneusers

小题3:Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthepassage?

A.鼓舞B.分心C.奖励D.核对

8

<1、题4:Someparentsfeltunhappybecausetheycouldn't___duringschoolhours.

A.usetheirmobilephones

B.leavetheirmobilephonesattheschooloffice

C.helptheteacherswiththeirwork

D.getintouchwiththeirchildren

小题5:Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_

A.studentsshouldn'thavemobilephonesatschoolexcept（除...夕卜）somespecial

reasons

B.itisimpossibletostopstudentsfromusingmobilephonesatschool

C.someparentsfeltunhappybecausetheycouldn'tusetheirphonesatschool

D.parentsshouldteachchildrenhowtousemobilephonesduringschoolhours

【答案】CCBDA

【解析】

本文主要讲中学生在学校使用手机已经成为一个问题。学校教师认为在学校用手

机会影响学

习。但是家长却认为学生带着手机可以方便联系。许多人理解家长希望学生带手

机去学校的

原因，认为学校应该岁学生使用手机的时间做出规定。

小题1:细节理解题。根据第一段第二行SomemiddleschoolsinAustraliahave

stoppedstudents

fromcarryingmobilephonesduringschoolhours."澳大利亚许多学校已经禁止学

生在上课期

间带手机。"可知学校不允许学生在学校期间带手机。故选Co

小题2:细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Severalchildrenhavegotmobile

phonesasChristmas

gifts,andmorestudentswillwantthem."一些学生在圣诞节时候得到的礼物是手

机，更多的

学生希望能够得到手机。"可知在圣诞节时家长和朋友送他们手机作为圣诞礼物。

故选Co

小题3:词义猜测题。联系上下文，由第二段第二行italsogivesteacherssomuch

troubleintheir

classrooms会给教师在上课时带来许多麻烦可知该词意思应为对课堂教学及学

生学习不利

的。故选Bo

小题4:细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Someparentsfeltunhappybecause

theycouldn'tget

intouchwiththeirchildren「许多家长因不能及时联系到他们的孩子而不高兴。〃

可知他们

不高兴的原因是不能及时的联系到他们的孩子。故选Do

小题5:主旨大意题。本文主要讲述内容为学生除特殊情况，否则在学校时不应

带手机。故选

Ao

【知识点】议论类文章阅读回高（初）

【适用场合】随堂课后练习

【难度系数】4

【试题来源】

【题目】

Momstakecareoftheirchildrenlifeanddadsbringhomefoodandmakethefamily

rules.

Thesearetherolesmomsanddadsfallintowhentheybecomeparentsandit's

commonamongall

cultures.Buttimeschangeandparents'rolesseemtobechanging,too.More

womenarebringing

homefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsandmenaretakingcareoftheirchildrenat

home.

ChineseTVshowWhereAreWeGoing,Dad?providesacloserlookatthechanging

roles

ofdadsinmodernfamilylife.Theshowfollowstheadventures（冒险经历）offive

celebrity（明

星）dadswhotaketripswiththeiryoungchildren（aged4to6）andtrytocompletea

setoftasks.It

showshowyoungdadsaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildren

andkeepacloser

relationshipwiththem.Youngdadsnolongerwanttobecold.

Psychologists（心理学家）saythatastrongfatherlyinfluenceisimportantinachild's

development.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynew

things.Theyalso

givethemasenseofsafety.Achildlearnsthatifsomethinggoeswrong,heorshe

candependon

dadtohelpfixit.Thepsychologistsalsosaythatwithoutadad,achildismore

possibletodrop

outofschoolandgetintotrouble.

Amother'sloveisimportant,andsoisafather'slove.ChenMo,apsychology

professorsays,

“Ittakesbothparentstoraiseachild.Childrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentages

andthis

needstobeconsideredbybothparents.”

9

【选项】

〃、题1:Whatarethecommonrolesofmomsanddadsinallcultures?

A.Momstakecareoftheirchildrenanddadsbringhomefoodandmakethefamily

rules.

B.Momsbringhomefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsanddadstakecareoftheir

childrenat

home.

C.Bothparentstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.

D.Bothparentsgoouttowork,whilegrandparentstakecareoftheirchildrenat

home.

小题2:Whataretheyoungdadstryingtodointheshow?

A.Theyaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloser

relationshipwiththem.

B.Theyaretryingtocompleteasetoftaskswiththeirkids.Theyarealsotryinghard

tofind

thebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.

C.Theyaretryingtomakemoremoney.

D.Theyaretryingtobecoldtotheirkids.

小题3:Whyisastrongfatherlyinfluenceimportantinachild's

development?

A.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynewthings.Theyalso

give

themasenseofsafety.

B.Ifsomethinggoeswrong,achildcandependondadtohelpfixit.

C.Withadad,achildcandobetterinschoolwork.

D.Withoutadad,achildismorepossibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.

题4:Whatisachildmorepossibletodowithoutadad?

A.Stayoutlate

B.Getintotroubleanddobadlyinschoolwork.

C.Dropoutofschool.

D.Dropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.

小题5:Whydoesittakebothparentstoraiseachild?

A.Achildfeelssaferwithbothparents.

B.Achildfeelshappierwithbothparents.

C.Bothparentsneedtoconsiderthatchildrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentages.

D.Itisboththefather'sandthemother'sdutytoraiseachild.

【答案】ABADC

【解析】

这篇短文主要介绍了以前妈妈照顾孩子爸爸挣钱养家并制定家规的普遍现象随

着时代的发

展在有所变化。心理学家说，母爱是重要的，父爱也是非常重要的。孩子在不同

年龄的有不

同的需求，需要父母两个人去思考。

小题1:细节理解题。根据短文第一段Momstakecareoftheirchildrenlifeand

dadsbringhome

foodandmakethefamilyrules.Thesearetherolesmomsanddadsfallintowhen

theybecome

parentsandit'scommonamongallcultures.施圣，可知妈妈照顾孩子爸爸给家庭带

来食物并制

定家规，这一现象在所有文化中都是普遍的。故选A

小题2:细节理解题。根据第二段…andtrytocompleteasetoftasks.Itshowshow

youngdads

1

o

aretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloser

relationshipwiththem.

成渔，可知在节目中爸爸们所尽力做的事情。故选Bo

小题3:细节理解题。根据第三段心理学家的话Fathersteachtheirchildrenskills

andencourage

themtotrynewthings.Theyalsogivethemasenseofsafety.，故选A。

小题4:细节理解题。根据第三段Thepsychologistsalsosaythatwithoutadad,a

childismore

possibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.)故选D。

小题5:归纳理解题。根据第四段心理学家的话“Ittakesbothparentstoraisea

child.Children

havedifferentneedsatdifferentagesandthisneedstobeconsideredbyboth

parents.〃可知因为

孩子在不同的年龄有不同的需要，这需要父母两个人去思考。所以需要父母共同

抚养孩子。

故选Co

【知识点】议论类文章阅读团高（初）

【适用场合】课后两周练习

【难度系数】3

【试题来源】

【题目】

Muchhasbeensaidandwrittenaboutheroesnow,mainlybecausemanypeople

thinkwe

havetoofewofthem.Therearemanydifferentkindsofheroes,buttheyusually

seemtohavetwo

things.First,heroesshowtheirgreatpowerbyactions.Second,heroescanbetested

bythetime.

Becauseofthesegoodpoints,weneedtochooseourheroescarefully.

OlympicwinnerJackieJoyner-Kerseetellsyoungpeopletoworkhard.Shehopes

thatif

someonetriestocopyher,itwillbebecauseshehasgotsuccessbyworkinghard.

Shesaysthata

heroshouldaffectanotherperson'slife.

PoetMayaAngeloubelievesthataheroencouragespeopletotreatotherswell.A

heroshould

showpoliteness,courage,patience,andstrengthallthetime.Aheroshould

encourageothersto

followhimwithactions,eventhoughonlyinsmallways.

AuthorDanielBoorstinsuggeststhat,''Celebritiesarepeoplewhoappearon

newspapers,

butheroesarepeoplewhomakehistory/'Ifapersonistrulyahero,heorshewill

notbesoon

forgotten.

Weallneedheroes.Weneedtobeabletorespect（尊重）peoplearoundus.Many

times,the

greatestheroesarethepeoplewecanseeeveryday—ourrelatives,friends,and

neighbours—

whowillnevergiveupwhenfacingdifficulty.Theparentwhosupportsourfamily,

theteacher

whowillmakemoremoneyatanotherjobbutchoosestohelpstudents-allthese

peoplecanbe

consideredasheroes.Aherosetsagoodexample,anexamplethatencourages

otherstofollow.

【选项】

小题Uoyner-Kerseehopesthatyoungpeople.

A.willworkhardB.willbecomeheroes

C.willfollowherD.willachievehergoal

<1、题2:Theunderlinedword“celebrities"inParagraph4means.

A.志愿者B.记者C.政客D.名人

小题3:Fromthepassageweknowthat.

A.therearefewerheroesthanbefore

B.manycommonpeoplesetexamplestous

C.heroesshouldbepolite,patientandfamous

D.heroeshavetodosomegreatthings

〃、题4:Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

A.WhatHeroesDoB.WhoAreHeroes

1

1

C.HowHeroesLiveD.WhereHeroesare

【答案】ADBB

【解析】

这篇短文主要讲述了英雄这个话题。英雄可以给人带来鼓励，但人们在选择英雄

时要认真考

虑。奥运冠军希望她的努力能带给人榜样;英雄还应该能引导人们跟随他的行为。

在日常生

活中，我们身边的平凡人都可以成为我们的英雄，他们的不放弃和对家庭的扶持

都可以是我

们的榜样。

小题1:细节理解题。根据文中内容OlympicwinnerJackieJoyner・Kerseetells

youngpeopleto

workhard.奥运冠军ackieJoyner-Kersee告诉年轻人要努力工作；故选A。

小题2:词意猜测题。根据前后文Celebritiesarepeoplewhoappearon

newspapers,butheroesare

peoplewhomakehistory.名人出现在报纸上，而英雄创造历史；celebrities名人,

故选Do

小题3:判断推理题题。根据文中内容Manytimes,thegreatestheroesarethe

peoplewecansee

everyday—ourrelatives,friends,andneighbours—whowillnevergiveupwhen

facing

difficulty很多时候，最伟大的英雄在我们日常生活中都能见到，我们的亲人，朋

友，邻居，

他们面对困难从不放弃；故选B,很多平凡的人给我们树立了榜样。

小题4:标题归纳题。这篇文章主要讲述了谁才是英雄这个问题，故选Bo

【知识点】议论类文章阅读回高（初）

【适用场合】课后一个月练习

【难度系数】4

【试题来源】

【题目】

TheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED,牛津英语词典）isthinkingofaddingthe

Chinese

wordtuhao（土豪）toits2014edition（版本）.

ThewordhasbecomepopularinChinaduringthepastfewmonthstodescribe

newlyrich

peoplewhospendmoneyinextravagant（铺张的,浪费的）ways.Tuhaohascaught

oninWestern

countries,too,todescribesimilarpeopleintheircountries.

Theadoption（采用）ofthewordbyforeigncountriesisanexampleofChina's

spreading

influenceintheworldnotjusteconomically,butalsosociallyandculturally.People

arepaying

attentiontowhatishappeninginChinaandarepickingupsomeChinesewordsin

theprocess,

especiallythosewordsthatexpressunique（独特的）Chineseideasthatcannotbe

easilytranslated

（翻译）intoEnglish.

TheOEDisalsothinkingofaddinghukou（户口）anddama（大妈）tothealrea