2015年中考语法-非谓语动词讲解及练习

初中语法专用学案PAGEPAGE6非谓语动词构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语介词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（二）动词不定式动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.18.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin19.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect24.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.A.work;thanwork B.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork25.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing26.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven27.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew29.Tomis____tomakealivingbyhimself.A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong30.Ifind____himallaboutit.A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell31.Theoldmanseems____inagreathurry.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing32.I____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtoliveinC.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive33.It’stimeforsuppernow.Let’s______it.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving34.Youarenotexpected____suchlonghours.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work35.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying36.Themanpretended____whenwesawhim.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating37.Hedoesn’tknow_____.A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo38.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped39.Shepreferredme_____there.A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay40.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees.A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water实战演练（二）1.Nooneenjoys_____at.A.laughing B.tolaugh C.beinglaughed D.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.A.tobebrokenin B.frombeingbrokenin C.tobreakin D.frombreakingin3.Theyinsistedon_________anotherchancetotry.A.given B.giving C.beinggiven D.tobegiven4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire________withgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof7.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_________.A.missed B.tobemissing C.missing D.tobemissed9.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudy B.studying C.tostudying D.study10.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired11.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry12.Haveyouforgotten___________$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember_________ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing13.Theclassroomwants__________.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind___________forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited15.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped16.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking17.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying18.Hisparentsinsiston____________tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___________.A.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaughC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh20.Whatabout_________totheconcertwithus?A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo21.__________cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping22.Seeingis_________.A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved23．Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done24．Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturn B.returning C.return D.toreturning25．Onlyoneofthesebooksis_____.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading26．Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.A.goingonvacation B.goonvacationC.begoingonvacation D.havegoneonvacation27．Hehadnodifficulty_____theproblems.A.workingout B.havingworkedout C.tohaveworkedout D.toworkout28．Iregretted_____thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaid C.tosayD./29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing30.Don’thavethemachine________allthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torun B.running C.beenrun D.run31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasa__________meal.A.satisfying B.satisfied C.satisfaction D.satisfy32.Lookaroundwhen__________thestreet.A.across B.crossing C.crossed D.tobecrossing33.Inthemorningshefoundherfather_____________inbed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying34.Isawhim________intoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.A.gone B.going C.went D.togo35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy________.A.work B.towork C.working D.works36.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith37.It’stimeforclass.Stop_________,please.A.totalk B.talk C.talks D.talking38.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof________TV.A.towatch B.watching C.towatching D.watched39.Listen!Canyouhearthegirl_________thepianointhenextroom?A.toplay B.play C.playing D.plays40.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout_________thedoor.A.knock B.knockingat C.toknockat D.knockingto实战演练（三）1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Youcan’thavethehorse______alltheway.It’stoohot.A.runB.torunC.runningD.toberunning3.WhenIcameback,Ifoundthehouse______andeverything_____.A.wasbroken;tookawayB.brokeninto;takenawayC.hadbeenbroken;takenD.breakinto;takeaway4.Thehousethey_____inthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.A.hadwashedaway B.hadtowashawayC.hadthemwashedaway D.hadwashedthemaway5.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet____onthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolorTVset____whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing6–Didyouhearher______thispopsongthistimetheotherday?--Yes,andIheardthissong______inEnglish.A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung7.Themoneycollectedshouldbemadegooduse_____thepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekillerearthquakeandtsunami.A.ofhelpB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelp8.WhenIcamehomelastnight,Isawmylittlekid_____onthebed,withhiswholeattention______uponthebookaboutHarryPorter.A.lying;fixingB.lay;fixedC.sitting;tofixD.seated;fixed9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_____.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry10.Onmywayhome;Isawathief_____moneyfromaladybythepolice.A.beingcaughtB.havingcaughtC.caughtstealingD.havecaughttostealing11.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired12.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_______tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.kn