改错精讲版考频极高的语法词汇考点

主讲老师：考频极高的语法/词汇考点冠词指示代词或物主代词（thesethosethisthattheir冠词a/an1,如果复数名词或者专有名词作为整体受到形容词的修饰，那么前面需要有冠词的修饰，WeakAmericaisnotinthebestinterestsofthewholeworld.(误)AweakAmericaisnotinthebestinterestsofthewholeworld.(正)aGreatBritain(误) GreatBritain(正)asplitSupremeCourt(正 splitSupremeCourt(正2，aofa...结构，构成前者对后者的比喻；itwasopenedbyasmallbarrelofawoman.《法国中尉的女人》JohnRobertFowles)amountainofawave排山倒海的巨浪anightmareofacitynote：如果是特指，只能把第一个不定冠词变成定冠词，即，theofatheangelofagirl那个天使般的theHehitmyhead.误Hehitmeonmyhead误)Hehitmeonthehead.正)Shegentlypattedmeontheback.正Hekissedherontheforehead.正)2，the+adj.构成一个集体名词，需要注意的是，这样一来就等同于复数形式，后面最好接theimpoverishedthedisabledThepalaceisnowopentopublic.(误)Thepalaceisnowopentothepublic正)冠词练习Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyapassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurther differencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.冠词练习Wemaysaythatthecriespainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexinstinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoes large前面加anotconsistofsigns1,Toacertainextent,weareallresponsibleforthistragicsituation.2,Tosomeextentwhatshearguesistrue.3,Towhatextentisthistrueofall冠词练习Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydeclineproducingthe"babyboomTheseyoungadultsestablishedatrend去掉冠词aofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwosheistardyforschooltodayhowevertheteacherisnotangry误sheistardyforschooltodaybuttheteacherisnotangry正however,but,nonetheless,nevertheless,whilst,whereas,yet,conversely,contrarily,contraryto,onthecontrary,incontrast;theformer…,thelatteron（the）onehand…,ontheotherinstead,insteadof/ratherthan,excluding,except,exceptfor,otherthan,apartalthough,though,evenif,eventhough,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,irrespectiveof,albeit,notwithstanding,anywayand,also,or,aswellas,too,equally,similarly/likewise,besides,neither…nor…,since,because,as,for,given,considering,inthat,becauseof,onthegroundof,inviewof,inthelightof,byvirtueof,onaccountof,dueto,accordingtotherefore,so,hence,thus,inconsequence,if,providing/provided,unless,otherwise,incase,onconditionthat,aslongas,suppose,nonetheless/ =despitethisThebookistoolong,nonetheless,informativeandentertaining.(误)Thebookistoolongbutnonethelessinformativeandentertaining.正) conj.usedtocompareorcontrasttwoIamoldbut Iamoldwhereasstrong.误2：whereasbecauseofthefact yet1yetconj.表示“然而”的例句Itisasmallcar,yetitissurprisinglyspacious.(较为口语)2：asyetanasyetunannouncedn一项直到现在还未公布的计Asyetlittlewasknownofthecausesoftheexcludingprep.注：excluding并非是exclude的现在分词形式，如果用形容词的话，则是exclusive，表示专 conj. prep./adv.虽然，尽管Notwithstandingthere'resomeproblems,hasdonegreatthisyear. Notwithstandingsomeproblems,hasdonegreatthis (正 注1：专八改错中出现and，除了可能and前后句子的逻辑关系是否为并列，更重要的是考生是否察觉出and前后句子的时态人称和数是否一致；2XandY”表示不能同时进行XY这两个行为，而“否定XorY”是对X和Y都完全否定，试比较：Youcannotdrinkanddrive.你不能一边喝酒一边开车。Youcannotdrinkordrive.你既不能开车也不能喝酒。 prep./conj.考虑到，鉴于Consideringheisonly16,heknowsquitealotabout adv.forthisreasontherefore=therebyadv.因此1：这三个词没有严格的区别，考生不必钻牛角尖，但需要记住它们都是副词；2：hence置于时间之后，表示从现在开始多久时间之后。例：Theywillbeforgottentwomonths adv1inthisway2,=hence,例：Thenewmachineswillworkfasterthusreducingour注：thusfarsofarproviding/ conj.=if=1：providedprovidingprovide的过去分词2：supposingsupposed却有很大区别，supposingsupposed逻辑关系词练习Thereareimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepower.Oneisthetopublicizeinvestigationsanditsresults.Mostcommitteehearingsareopento itstheirpublicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.逻辑关系词练习Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirnevertheless改为alsomarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.逻辑关系词练习Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle, ifwhilewecertainlycouldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforahealthierdiet.逻辑关系词练习Apartfromapowerfulcapacitypayattentiontotheirhelplessnessbyusingsound,thereisnothing paydrawthenewbornchildcandotoensurehisownsurvival.逻辑关系词练习Oneisthefactthatpronunciationlearnt"naturally"andunconsciously,andorthographyislearntdeliberayandconsciously.and改为butthis（these）that（those）thisthat作为指代的时候可以具有贬义 lmeaboutthisnewboyfriendofyours.Idon'tlikethatnewboyfriendofyours.This指后文将提到的内容，而that指前文刚刚提到过的内that在从句中的使用that可以引导23that在主语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略Iheardthenewsourteamhadwon. Iheardthenewsthatourteamhad Hefinishedtheessayinsuchashorttimesurprisedus. (误)Thathefinishedtheessayinsuchashorttimesurprised all，any，much，manytheonly，thevery，thesame，thelast指示代词和物主代词练习AtthetimetheUnitedStatessplitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.There thoseevenoneproposalthatAmericansshouldadopt指示代词和物主代词练习Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearnt thesethatarewholly指示代词和物主代词练习Theriseintuitionsmayreflectfacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingfacttheschoolis efroma指示代词和物主代词练习Thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetoagesdespitetheabsenceofmedicalcare,theyexperiencenonomiddle-agedspread,littledentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,nodiseaseandtheirbloodcholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfof halfthattheaverageAmericanadult).指示代词和物主代词练习Thisis"naturalthereforethatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofourimmediateThisItcircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasameansofholdingacommunityandgivingasenseof指示代词和物主代词练习Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,whereasourhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalways which但是在专八考试之中，介词的考点重点只出现在三个介词上，考生务必熟练掌握：on/in/Youshouldlookatthebrightside. Youshouldlookonthebright (正介词搭配练习Theseyoungadultsestablishedaofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandwentoncausedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographic介词搭配练习Investigationsareheldtogatherinformationonneedforfuturelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed,toinquireintothequalificationsandperformanceofmembersandofficialsoftheotherbranches,andinrareinoccasions,tolaythegroundworkforimpeaent介词搭配练习Thenintheturnof19thcentury,whenthestudyofcultural in改成atanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableparticiple过去分词，往往表示动作的状态，或者完成时态die:arising/risenfascinate:afascinating/fascinatedMovedbytheprotagonistinthemovie,thegirldecidedtolearnfromSpringcoming,theflowersareJohn没有车了，我们只能步行回家。Notfarfromthehousethereisagarden,whoseownerseatedinitalldayyingwithhisdaughter.Notfarfromthehousethereisagarden,itsownerseatedinitalldayyingwithhisdaughter.分词练习ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIdevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopular disagreeing改成disagreeablethroughoutmyschooldays.分词练习Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourhumanancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingsupplementingsupplementedwithanimal分词练习Thatistosaytheyconsiderthehumaninfanttobegeneticprogrammedgeneticgeneticallyinsuchawaythatitcanacquire分词练习buttheernmenthadwishto einvolving,atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatprices involvinginvolvedthreatenedtorunwild.改错1,Thatbeingthecase,Iquiteconcernedaboutthesafetyofthecountry.2,Anewannouncedhasalreadytakenitstollontheeconomy.形容词和副词练习withthecropof1919,the ernmentappointedthefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withtotaltotalfull/absoluteauthoritytobuy,sell,andset形容词和副词练习PeopleoncitystreetswatchedtheyieldsandthepriceofwheatinalmostasfeelingasiftheyweregrowersThemarketingofwheatbecameanincreasingfavoritetopicincreasingincreasinglyof形容词和副词练习anditcomesasashockwhenwefirstlyheararecordingofourselves. firstly改为firstItisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,whereasourownhandwritingissomethingthatwealmostalways形容词和副词练习Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedequallybetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwar形容词和副词练习Fromthethroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahigh highandatayoungeragethantheirEurope Europe时态练习Webeginthe"natural"learningoflongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewent wentgoonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourseverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.时态练习Ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhas hadhislanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;ifwetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Summary2014Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(1) havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(2) Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirst (3) Whatistheexnationforthefactadults (4) moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5) acquisitionofadditionalWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheli tureofthefielditisclearthatall(6) theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7) Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anlanguage,itisan plishmentorwhatis (8) focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsyaroleinthe (9) oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnative (10) a前加also2.the3one前面加as4.factthat5.language6.the7.attempts改为attempt8.orand9.involving10.touch2013ProofreadingPsycholinguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguistsstudyunderstanding,production,andrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcerned (1) listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforOnereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually (2) soeffortlessly,and,mostoftime,soaccura (3) Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonespeaking,orlookingatthis (4) younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.ItisonlyinexceptionalWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?circumstanceswe eawareofthe (5) involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced (6) theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if (7) wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifweanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,allthese (8) ofwhatmightbecalled"languageinexceptionalrevealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedin (9) listening,writing,andreading.Butgiventhatlanguagewerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful experimentstogetatwhatishappening productionproducing2.the3timethe4.looking5.wethat6.had7.theirhis8.anyone9.evolved改成 10.were改成2012Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeentotranslatelillyorly.Theargumenthasbeengoingsince atleastthefirstcenturyB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“”translation: (2) thespirit,nottheletter;thesensenottheword;themessageratherthe (3) form;thematternotthemanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionary (4) sloganofwriterswhowantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19thcentury,whenthestudyof (5) anthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereandthatthelanguagewasentirelytheproductofculture,the (6) viewtranslationwasimpossiblegainedsomecurrency,andwithit (7) that,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeasli laspossible.This (8) viewculminatedthestatementoftheextreme“li lists”Walter (9) BenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeoftheThenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotToooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlywitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthe (10) problem goingon2certainsome3.rathernot4.iswas5.in6.languagethe7.viewthat8.was9.culminated10.and2011Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesof (1) seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidwiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureand (2) soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwrite (3) Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffive (4) ontheeitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwasForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIdevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademe (5) throughoutmyschooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginative s,and (6) Ithinkfromtheverystartmylilambitionsweremixedupwith (7) Thefeelingofbeingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadfacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,and (8) IfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmy (9) ownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolume (10) ofserious—i.e.seriouslyintended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfdozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation. grewup2.conscienceconsciousness3.soonsooner4.child5.disagreeing改为disagreeable6.imaginative改为imaginary7. l改为 8.in9.whichwherewhichin10.ThereforeHowever2010Sofaraswecan l,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay (1) thingstheirspeakerswantto (2) Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkabout (3) peoplesorcultures,butthatisanotherCertainly,notgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicspsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnot (4) faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeaksnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecan (5) English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolighta (6) inEnglish,ashowofunexpectedThepositionsimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar (7) environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms (8) fordifferentkindsofsnowiftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionas (9) Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartof (10) Eskimos' be后加as2.theirits3.There改为It4.WhereasBebring7.similardifferent8.will改为would9.important前面10.partthethe改为2009Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyapassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthe (1) differencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhen (2) thelittlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown, (3) orevengrandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfrom20to (4) 70years.Withtheygroundlore,therefore,arhymemay (5) beexcitedlypassedonwithintheveryhouritislearnt;and,inthe (6) general,itpassesbetweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitis monforthedifferencemagebetweenymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,oreven (7) forfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeenretransmittedoverandverypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthreehundred (8) younghearersand lers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveafter (9) somuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe (10) originalwording. furthera2.when改为until3.theirhis4.something改为5.he7.currentlycurrent8.has9.live改为alive10.let2008Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalisaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasyeda (1) prominentpartinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneed (2) tocultivateagivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctive (3) fromanotherracewhosetheyresent.Atthetimethe (4) UnitedStatessplitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedby (5) theuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewas (6) evenoneproposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavoredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,wouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckonto (7) EnglishandmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone (8) knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageas (9) Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshown (10) worldthatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage. onethingresult改为consequence2.moves改为movement3.distinctive4.time前加when5.bywith6.thosethat7.8.AtIn9.carryingon10.now改为2007Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagestodayandintheearliestrecordsofancient(1) showuslanguageinanewandemergingstate.Itis(2) said,ofcourse,thatthe