人大学科模块1知识管理概览

IntroductiontoKnowledgeManagementInstructor:YUYan(余艳)SchoolofInformationRenminUniversityofChinaEmail:Office:PolytechWingBuilding402APhone:82500906Copyright@YuYan课程安排模块一：知识管理概览&调查模块二：知识的本质&美军案例系列模块三：知识管理战略与框架模块四：知识管理方法与技术Copyright@YuYan2知识管理教材教材

Becerra-Fernandz,Irma,Gonzalez,Avelino,andSabherwal,Rajiv.KnowledgeManagement:Challenges,SolutionsandTechnologies.PrenticeHall,USA.2003研究论文（Researchpapers）

咨询报告（ConsultingReports）Copyright@YuYan34知识管理参考书1930年代，哈耶克(Hayek)“知识在社会中的应用”1990年美，Senge的《第五代管理》，海南出版社1997年美，达文波特的《营运知识：工商企业的知识管理》1999年，彼得·德鲁克的《知识管理》，哈佛商学院出版社，人民大学出版社2006年（日）野中郁次郎，竹内隆二，李萌译，《创造知识的公司》(英文版是1995年)；《创造知识的螺旋》；《创新的本质》，知识产权出版社2007年，德国学者出版《知识管理：原理与最佳实践》（第二版），清华大学出版社，北京2007年，（瑞典）斯威比，王锷生译，《知识探戈:管理与测量知识资本的艺术》，海洋出版社，北京课程考核课堂讨论案例分析考试论述题（开放性问题）Copyright@YuYan5AgendaOverviewofKnowledgeManagementKnowledgeManagementSurveyI&IIAGlobalViewAChineseViewCopyright@YuYan6Part1:

OverviewofKnowledgeManagement

Copyright@YuYan7KMMotivation“The20thanniversaryofthelandingofanAmericanonthesurfaceoftheMoonoccasionedmanybittersweetreflections.Sweetwasthecelebrationofthehistoriceventitself...Bitter,forthosesameenthusiasts,wastheknowledgethatduringthetwentyinterveningyearsmuchofthenationalconsensusthatlaunchedthiscountryonitsfirstlunaradventurehadevaporated...agenerationofmenandwomenwhohaddefinedtheirlivestoalargeextentintermsofthisnation'sepochaldeparturefromEarth'ssurfacewastakingitsleaveoftheprogramtheyhadbuilt”(Fries,1992)Copyright@YuYan8WhatisKnowledgeManagement?Knowledgemanagement(KM)maysimplybedefinedasdoingwhatisneededtogetthemostoutofknowledgeresources.Ingeneral,KMfocusesonorganizingandmakingavailableimportantknowledge,whereverandwheneveritisneeded.KMisalsorelatedtotheconceptofintellectualcapital.KMGoalsTomaketheenterpriseactasintelligentlyaspossibletosecureitsviabilityandoverallsuccessandTootherwiserealizethebestvalueofitsknowledgeassets

Toreachthesegoals,advancedorganizationsbuild,transform,organize,deploy,anduseknowledgeassetseffectivelyCopyright@YuYan10KMObjectives

KMensuresthatknowledgeisDeliveredattherighttimeAvailableattherightplacePresentintherightshapeSatisfyingthequalityrequirementsObtainedatthelowestpossiblecostsCopyright@YuYan11HowmanyFortune500companiesaredeployingKnowledgeManagement?ChoiceA:30%ChoiceB:50%ChoiceC:90%Copyright@YuYan12ImportanceofKMin

BusinessProcessesCopyright@YuYan13ImportanceofKMin

BusinessProcessesCopyright@YuYan14KnowledgeBasedEconomyCopyright@YuYan1516知识管理与企业竞争力知识密集：企业集群和商业集群导致知识创造和传播投资回报：知识和信息会流向需求最高和壁垒最低的地区，会流向给于知识最大回报和价值认可的地区，创新洼地文化氛围：创新存在风险，鼓励试错、开放、宽容、多元基础设施：交流和沟通是知识传播创造的重要途径，制度设计有利于人们的交流战略认知：旧知识可以以很低成本传播，新知识是稀缺的171819中国的追赶研究开发人员总量从2002年的103万人发展到2011年的288万人，年均增长12%，居世界第一位；国际论文数量连续五年稳居世界第2位，发明专利授权数从2002年至今，十年间翻了十倍，居世界第3位；研发投入占GDP比例，2011年达到1.83%，总量达到8610亿元，今年有望达到1万亿，研发投入占GDP比重已达到了中等发达国家水平。”-科技部副部长曹健林2012-12-23KMProcessesKMMechanismsKMInfrastructureKMTechnologiesOrganizationCultureAnalogiesandmetaphorsBrainstormingretreatsOn-the-jobtrainingFace-to-facemeetingsApprenticeshipsEmployeerotationLearningbyobservation….ITInfrastructureCommonKnowledgeExternalizationCombinationRoutinesSocializationExchangeDirectionInternalizationKnowledgeCaptureKnowledgeSharingKnowledgeApplication

DecisionsupportsystemsWeb-baseddiscussiongroupsRepositoriesofbestpracticesArtificialintelligencesystemsCase-basedreasoningGroupwareWebpages…PhysicalEnvironmentOrganizationStructureKnowledgeDiscoveryKMSystemsKnowledgeCaptureSystemsKnowledgeSharingSystemsKnowledgeApplicationSystemsKnowledgeDiscoverySystemsKMFrameworkCopyright@YuYanComponentsofIntellectualCapitalCopyright@YuYan22KnowledgeManagementSystemsInformationtechnologyfacilitatessharingaswellasacceleratedgrowthofknowledge.Informationtechnologyallowsthemovementofinformationatincreasingspeedsandefficiencies.

KnowledgeManagementSystemsKnowledgediscoverysystemKnowledgecapturesystemKnowledgesharingsystemKnowledgeapplicationsystemKnowledgeManagementSystemsKnowledgemanagementmechanismsareorganizationalorstructuralmeansusedtopromoteknowledgemanagement.Theuseofleading-edgeinformationtechnologies(e.g.,Web-basedconferencing)tosupportKMmechanismsenablesdramaticimprovementinKM.knowledgemanagementsystems(KMS):thesynergybetweenlatesttechnologiesandsocial/structuralmechanismsBecerra-Fernandez,etal.--KnowledgeManagement1/e--©2004PrenticeHallEffectiveKnowledgeManagement80%-Organizationalcultureandhumanfactors20%-Technology

ValuepropositionofKMCopyright@YuYan26ValuePropositionofKMcont.Copyright@YuYan27PrinciplesofKMKnowledgemanagementisexpensive(butsoisstupidity!)Effectivemanagementofknowledgerequireshybridsolutionsofpeople&technologyKnowledgemanagementishighlypoliticalKnowledgemanagementrequiresknowledgemanagersKnowledgemanagementbenefitsmorefrommapsthanfrommodelsCopyright@YuYan28PrinciplesofKMcont.Sharing&usingknowledgeareoftenunnaturalactsKnowledgeaccessisonlythebeginning(donotforgetotherimportantprocesses,e.g.,applicationandevaluation)Knowledgemanagementneverends(continuouseffortratherthanspecificinitiatives)Copyright@YuYan29KMsurveyI：

KPMG