2023届高考英语阅读理解话题分类专练-语言学习（含答案）

2023届阅读理解话题分类专练:语言学习（共4题）一、阅读理解题（共4题）Thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthatlanguagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.Differentlanguagessegmentnaturalphenomenadifferently.Wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orangeandred.Speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour,asdidTurkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.Thereisnothinginnaturetodemonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagivenlanguage,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsoflanguageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeintheworldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactions.Changesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.Todaygasolinetrucksaregenerallylabeled"flammable(易燃的)".Thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",wherein-meansnot".Itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.Theword"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable".Thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however,determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.Prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto"flammable".SuchobservationsledWhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseoftensesinthelanguageofEurope.Tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.EnglishandotherEuropeanlanguagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:Itisraining;past:Itrained;orfuture:Itwillrain.Bycontrast,manylanguages,suchastheHopilanguageofNewMexico,lackexpressionfortense.Nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.InHopionecannotcountdays,minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.Everydayexpressionslike"Threeyearswentby"areimpossibleinHopi.Comparingsuchlanguages,Whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeisfavorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."Thatistosay,becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinEnglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintainrecordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearns.Whiletherelativityhypothesis(假设)hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.AlargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofHopi-speakingchildrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.Itremainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.Butwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldisstillanopenquestion.(1)Thecaseofthelabel"flammable"ismentionedtoprovethat_____. A．languagescanaffectourchoicesofaction B．prefixescanleadtodisastersifusedimproperly C．sometruckdriverscanadjusttheirbehavior D．misunderstandingcanhappenamongspeakers(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheuseoftense_____. A．reflectsdeeperpatternsofEuropeanlanguages B．transformsabstractideasintoobjects C．helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas D．makesitpossibletomodernetheHopilanguage(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A．Differentlanguagesoftenhavedifferentmethodsofkeepinghistoricalrecords. B．Weneedmorestudiestofindoutifwearecloselyrelatedtoournativetongues. C．Ourmothertongueshaveagreatinfluenceonourworldviewsandbehavior. D．It'snoeasytasktoconfirmthelinkbetweenmothertonguesandourconcepts.It'saprovenfactthatthewayinwhichwerememberthingschangesaswegetolder.Justlookatthedifferentwaysinwhichkidsandadultslearnlanguages.Theylearnbestbysingingsongs,mimicking(模仿)othersandplayinggames.Theycanlearntorepeatwordsafteronlyhearingthemacoupleoftimes.Adultsprefertoanalysealanguageandfindouthowitworksbeforetheystartspeaking.Italsoreflectsaningrained(根深蒂固的)learningstrategydevelopedthroughyearsoflifeexperience.Onthesurface,itseemsthatkidslearnfaster.Theystartspeakinganewlanguagemorequicklyandfinditeasiertoremembernewvocabulary.Adultsaregenerallyabletoconcentrateforlongerperiodsoftime.Theyaren'tdistractedbyfriendswantingtoplayfootballorthinkingaboutwhattheywantforChristmasnextyear.Maturelearnersalsohavetheirownlearningstrategy.Peoplehavemoretroublelearningnewvocabularyastheygetolder.However,withthecorrecttraining,anadultlearner'sbrainwilladapt.So,insummary,byadaptingyourlearningstyleandplayingtoyourstrengths,it'snevertoolatetolearnalanguage!(1) A．Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved. B．Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople. C．Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly. D．Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners. E．Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure. F．Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad. G．However,adultshavecertainadvantages,too.(2) A．Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved. B．Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople. C．Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly. D．Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners. E．Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure. F．Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad. G．However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.(3) A．Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved. B．Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople. C．Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly. D．Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners. E．Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure. F．Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad. G．However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.(4) A．Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved. B．Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople. C．Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly. D．Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners. E．Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure. F．Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad. G．However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.(5) A．Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved. B．Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople. C．Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly. D．Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners. E．Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure. F．Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad. G．However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.Considerthesefivewords:island,honour,sign,tongue,climb.Atfirstglance,youprobablydon'tthinktheyhaveanythingincommon.Then,youmightfindsomeofthemcontainthemostcommonletterintheEnglishlanguage.Andyoumightneedtogobacktoyourgrade-schoolgrammarlessonstoseetheconnection.Ifyou'restillconfused,sayeachwordslowly.Didyounoticeamissingsyllable(音节)ortwo?Actually,allfivewordshaveoneormoresilentletters—andthat'sjustasmallsampleofthem.It'snosecretthattheEnglishlanguagehaslotsofcrazygrammarrules,andthewaywepronouncewordsisnoexception.Whilethereare26lettersinthealphabet,theyshareatleast44differentpronunciationsamongthem.TheletterA,forexample,hassevendifferentEnglishpronunciationsalone.Atleastyoucansafelyignorethesecommongrammarrules.Ontopofthat,almosteveryletterinthealphabethasasilentusage,too.Thinkaboutit:FromtheCinscissorstotheUinbuild,theEnglishlanguagehasabadhabitofdroppinglettersincertainwords.EvenunusualletterslikeZandJaresilentinwordsthatwehaveadoptedfromforeignlanguages,suchasmarijuana(originallyaSpanishword)andlaissezfaire(French).ButasMerriam-WebsterDictionarypointsout,oneunusualletterisneversilent:theletterV.Whileitmakesanappearanceinwordslikequiverandvivid,youcanbesureitalwaysbehavestheexactsameway.Thatmightchangesoon,though.Lastyear,PresidentDonaldTrumptweetedtheword"covfefe",whichcausedheateddebateabouthow,exactly,oneshouldsaythismade-upterm.SomesuggestedthatitispronouncedwithasilentV.(1)WhatdotheunderlinedwordsinParagraphhaveincommon? A．Theycontaintheexactlysameletters. B．Theyhaveoneormoresilentletters. C．Theyaredifficulttopronounce. D．Theyallrefertoaplace.(2)WhyistheletterAmentionedinParagraph2? A．Toshowthatithasmanypronunciations. B．TotellthatEnglishhasmanygrammarrules. C．Toexplainthatwordshavesimilarpronunciations. D．ToproveEnglishlettershavevariouspronunciations.(3)WhichletterisseldomsilentintheEnglishlanguage? A．TheletterA. B．TheletterJ. C．TheletterV. D．TheletterZ.(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．Englishpronunciations. B．Englishdictionaries. C．Englishgrammar. D．Englishvocabulary.AstudentislearningtospeakBritishEnglish.Hewonders:CanIcommunicatewithAmericans?Cantheyunderstandme?LearnersofEnglishoftenask:WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish?Howimportantarethesedifferences?Certainly,therearesomedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.Forexample,speakersofBritishEnglishsay"inhospital"and"Haveyouapen?",Americanssay"inthehospital"and"Doyouhaveapen?".Pronunciationissometimesdifferent.Americansusuallysoundtheirsinwordslike"bird"and"hurt".SpeakersofBritishEnglishdonotsoundtheirsinthesewords.TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinspellingandvocabulary.Forexample,"colour"and"honour"areBritish,"color"and"honor"areAmerican.Thesedifferencesingrammar,pronunciation,spellingandvocabularyarenotimportant,however.Forthemostpart,BritishandAmericanEnglisharethesamelanguage.(1)Accordingtothispassage,astudentwhoislearningtospeakAmericanEnglishmightbeafraidthat_____. A．thegrammaristoohardforhim B．Americanpeoplecannotunderstandhim C．Britishpeoplecannotunderstandhim D．thespellingistoohardforhim(2)WhatisNOTmentioned(提及)inthepassage?_____ A．Howimportantthedifferencesare B．WhetherBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareonelanguageortwo. C．WhethertherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish. D．HowthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishcameabout.(3)Most_____say"Doyouhaveawatch?" A．Americans B．Britishpeople C．children D．teachers

答案一、阅读理解题（共4题）1.【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)D【解析】(1)本文为议论文。本文假设语言决定了我们对周围世界的看法，接着用事实来说明选择不同的语言可能会改变行为。通过对比欧洲语言如英语和霍皮语的对比以及对说英语的孩子和霍皮语为母语的孩子对比发现，我们与自己的母语紧密相连，但我们的母语对我们的世界观是否有影响还不容易确定。词义猜测题。第二段全段都是在说明有关flammable标识的问题。本段以flammable这一单词为例，详细分析了语言对人的行为的影响，最后在该段倒数第二句“however,determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.”得出结论，即“然而，对于语言的错误解读决定了很多说话者的态度，他们随即针对语言调整自己的行为”。由此可推断，该案例分析证明语言确实可影响我们对行为的选择。故选A。(2)推理判断题。第三段后半部分叙述时态是运用于表达语言或时间。欧洲语言中用时态表达时间。英语和其他欧洲语言通常要求讲话者弄清楚事件发生的时间，是现在、过去或者未来，要用到时态。相比之下，许多语言，如新墨西哥州的霍皮语，缺乏对时态的表达。这些语言也不会有具体的时间。在霍皮语中，人们不能像数石头一样数日子、分钟、年。像“三年过去了”这样的日常用语在霍皮语中是不可能写清楚。以及倒数第二段“ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeisfavorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords”通过比较这两种语言，沃尔夫提出，“我们使用时态或我们让时间具体化，这对历史的真实性和与记录有关的一切都是有利的。由此可知，时态是帮助我们来弄清事件的具体时间。如果没有时态就像霍皮语一样无法说明事件发生的具体时间，也无法计算时间，这样就会产生混乱或歧义。分析选项可知C项（helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas有助于避免概念或思想上的某些歧义）符合题意。故选C。(3)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearns”可知，沃尔夫的假设说一个人的世界观与他所学的语言有关。以及最后一段“ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalidalargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofHopi-speakingchildrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.Itremainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.ButwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldIsstillanopenquestion”表明，“一项大规模的对母语是霍皮语的儿童和母语是英语的儿童进行的未来前景测试的结果是不确定的。未来学者的任务仍然是确定这一假设是否有效以及一个人是否应该采取怎样的立场，显然，我们与自己的母语紧密相连。但它是否影