Unit+3+Period+7+Workbook【高效备课精研+知识精讲提升】 高中英语 课件（人教版2019）（选择性必修第三册）

Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionWorkbook1Matchthewordsfromthetwoboxestomakenewphrasesandthenusethemtocompletethesentencesbelow.UsingWordsandExpressions1Mostusedvehiclesarerequiredtopassa_______________beforetheirsaleortransfer.2TheInnerMongolia___________________isthewidestprovinceinChinaandhasadiversetopography(地貌),includingplateaus(高原),hills,plains,deserts,rivers,andlakes.3Itisknowntoallthatrivershavebeenthecradlesofhumancivilisationsinceancienttimes.Forexample,ChinesecivilisationoriginatedintheYellow___________.4Ifyouwanttobuildasuccessfulcompany,youmustfocusoncreatingastrong__________________________.

5Therehasbeenalong-termdebateaboutwhether______________isenvironmentallysustainableornot.6Thegoalof___________________istoprotectEarth’sbiologicaldiversityandmaintainthebalanceinnature.autonomous

corporate

nuclear

river

safety

wildlifebasin

conservation

energy

inspection

culture

regionsafetyinspectionAutonomousRegionRiverBasincorporateculture

(企业文化)nuclearenergywildlifeconservation

2Circlethebestwordstocompletethesentences.Thenexplainthe

differencesbetweenthetwowords.1KarlMarxwasclearlyoneofthemostinfluential/powerfulphilosophersinhistory.

2Themeetingendedwiththecommitteemembersunabletoagreeona(n)agenda/schedule.3Thecountryisstillrestoring/recoveringfromtheeffectsofthewar.4Theinvestigatorswereaskedtosubmit/handinacomprehensivereportbeforetheendofthismonth.5Expertssaytheleatherbackturtleshavebecomeincreasinglyunusual/rareduetothespecialfishingtechnique.6Itisestimatedthatthevolume/totalofglobaltradewoulddeclineby6%iftherewereatradewar.

3

TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrases

inbrackets.1一位著名探险家于1925年在亚马孙丛林里失踪。(jungle)2面对公众的压力，广告公司为广告中的错误信息道了歉。(inresponseto)3他代表公司员工在会上发了言。(onbehalf

of)4我们应该掌握主动权，采取一系列政策和措施来减少空气污染。(seizetheinitiative,policy)52015年，在联合国的一次峰会(summit)上，193个会员国家就《2030年可持续发展议程》达成了一致。(agenda,sustainable)In1925,afamousexplorerwasmissingintheAmazonJungle.Inresponsetopublicpressure,theadvertisingcompanyapologisedforthewronginformationinthead.Hespokeatthemeetingonbehalfofallthestaff.Weshouldseizetheinitiativeandadoptaseriesofpoliciesandmeasurestoreduceairpollution.Ata2015UnitedNationssummit,193memberstatesreachedanagreementonthe

2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.

4

Listasmanywordsasyoucanthatusethesuffixesbelow.-able______________________________________________________________-ate______________________________________________________________-ion________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-ism______________________________________________________________-ive______________________________________________________________-ment______________________________________________________________-ous______________________________________________________________habitable,sustainable,renewableappropriate,moderate,corporateradiation,emission,attention,eruption,consumption,extinction,position,expression,combination,pollution,reputation,action,population,production,construction,collection,regulation,conservation,inspection,organisation,generation,additiontourism,environmentalismcomprehensive,sensitive,negative,expensiveenvironment,measurement,government,treatment,developmentharmonious,autonomous,ambitiousUsingStructures

1LastmonthyoumetyourformerclassmateSarah,anexchangestudentfromCanada.Herearesomeofthethingsshesaidtoyou.Nowyouaretellinganotherfriendwhatshesaid.Useindirectspeech.①I’mlivinginBeijingnow.②IsawHelenatapartylastweekandshegavemehernewcellphonenumber.③Ihaven’tseenPaulforalongtime.④I’mapplyingtobecomeavolunteeratthesciencemuseum.⑤Idon’ttakecookingclassesanymore,butIstillenjoycooking.⑥I’llgotoXi’anforthecomingholidaywithmyparents.1

Sarahsaidthat_______________________________________________________2Shesaid____________________________________________________________3___________________________________________________________________4___________________________________________________________________5___________________________________________________________________6___________________________________________________________________shewaslivinginBeijingatthattime.thatshehadseenHelenatapartytheweekbeforeandHelenhadgivenheranewcellphonenumber.Shesaidthatshehadn’tseenPaulforalongtime.Shesaidthatshewasapplyingtobecomeavolunteeratthesciencemuseum.Shesaidthatshedidn’ttakecookingclassesanymore,butshestillenjoyedcooking.ShesaidthatshewouldgotoXi’anforthecomingholidaywithherparents.

2Readthesentencesintheboxandusethemtocompletethesentencesthatfollow,usingindirectspeechastheexamplegiven.A“Pleaseslowdown!” B“Couldyouholdthedoorforme,Henry?”C“Turnthevolumedown,Jim.” D“Don’tworrytoomuchaboutit.”E“Didyouhaveagoodtime?” F“Whydidn’tyoucometotheparty?”G“DoyoulikeItalianfood?” H“Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?”I“Justgotobed.”1Billwasdrivingtoofast,soItoldhimtoslowdown.2Motherwasansweringthephone,soshe__________________________________.3Suewasalittlenervousabouttheexam,soI______________________________________.4Sarahwascarryingalargeboxinherhandsandwantedtogoout,sosheasked_______________________________________.5IwantedtoinviteMaryoutfordinner,soI________________________________.6Jackjustcamebackfromhisholiday.

I____________________________________.7Williamdidn’tshowupatmyparty,soI________________________________________.8Thephotographerwastakingpicturesofanoldercouple.He_______________________________.9Itwasquitelatewhenhersongothome,soshe_________________________.C...askedJimtoturnthevolumedownD...toldhernottoworrytoomuchaboutitB...HenryifhecouldholdthedoorG...askedherifshelikedItalianfoodE...askedhimifhehadhadagoodtimeF...askedhimwhyhehadn’tcometothepartyH...askedthemhowlongtheyhadbeenmarriedI...toldhimtojustgotobed

3Workinpairs.Reportapieceofnewsthatyouheardtodayto

yourpartner.Thefollowingexpressionsmayhelpyou.•

Iheardovertheradiothat……•

Thereportersaidthat……•

Itwasannouncedthat……•

Theauthoritieswarnedthat…•

Theexpertadvisedthat…•

Theresearchersestimatedthat…..•

Thecompanyclaimedthat……•

Thepoliceconfirmedthat……wecouldrecycleoldclothesatthelocalschool.

manypeoplehadattendedthemeetingaboutlocalenvironmentalissues.achargeforplasticbagswouldbeintroducednextyear.

therewouldbestrictfinesonanyonebreakingthenewenvironmentallaws.

actionwouldbenecessaryinthenext12yearstostopglobaltemperaturesrisingtoomuch.theglacierhaddecreasedinsizesincelastyear.theyhadcuttheirfactory'semissionsbyover50%.

theganghadbeenresponsiblefortheillegalwastedumping.ListeningandSpeaking

1Beforeyoulisten,lookatthepicturesbelowanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

1Wheredoyouthinkthesephotosweretaken?2Whatdoyouthinkthetwopeoplearedoing?Whyaretheydoingit?3Doyoubelieveanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings?

2ListentothestoryandcheckyouranswersinActivity1.

1Wheredoyouthinkthesephotosweretaken?2Whatdoyouthinkthetwopeoplearedoing?Whyaretheydoingit?3Doyoubelieveanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings?

Ithinkthesephotosweretakeninadesertandfarawayfromanytownorcity,becausethereisalotofsandandnobuildingsorroads.Ithinkthetwopeopleareplantingthingsbecausetheywanttousethelandandshapeitforsomereason.Ofcourseanordinarypersoncanachievegreatthings.Allgreatachievementswereallachievedbyordinarypeoplewhodecidedtodosomethingextraordinaryandstucktotheirgoal.

3Listenagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thencorrectthemistakes.1YinYuzhenmovedtothedeserttostaywithherhusband.2Shestartedtoplanttreesbecauseshewantedtocreatelandforfarming.3Manyoftheyoungtreeshaddiedbeforetheyfoundthebestplantsandmethodstouseinthedesert.4Afterdecades,about60,000treeshavebeenplanted.5YinYuzhenhasreceivedawardsandrecognitionfromallovertheworld.T

FT

FT

FT

FT

F

4Workingroups.Discussthequestions.1

Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardsYinYuzhenandherhusband’sactions?HowdidthespeakerdescribeYinYuzhen?2“Althoughactionsmayseemsmallandinsignificant,overtimetheyjointogethertobecomegreatachievements.”Whatdoyouthinkthissentencemeans?Doyouagree?Giveyourreasons.Thespeaker’sattitudetowardsYinYuzhenandherhusband’sactionsisverypositive.Hedescribedherasinspiringandsomeonewhoworkshardwithcourage,patience,andperseverance.Ithinkthissentencemeansthatgreatachievementsseldomhappeninasinglemomentandareoftenthesumofmanysmallactionstogetherandalotofhardworkovertime.Iagreebecausetherearemanyexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohaveworkedhardbytrainingtoachievegreatthings.

我们许多人可能都不会想太多就扔掉一小块垃圾。毕竟，它如此小，不可能很有害，难道不是吗？但如今，因为积少成多，答案却是肯定的,“是的，它很有害!”随着塑料袋的使用越来越多，吸烟者的数量不断增加，产生的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。

虽然烟头很小，但它们对环境有害。在世界范围内，每年约有4.3万亿个烟头被丢弃。它们不仅破坏了美丽的环境，还含有有毒物质化学物质CALS。这些细菌会进入到供水系统的方式，会影响水的质量和危害动植物。烟头需要长达25年的时间才能分解，有毒化学物质会累积起来大量的垃圾。所以，如果人们想吸烟,他们应将烟蒂妥善弃置在垃圾桶内。

塑料袋是另一种常见的垃圾，对环境有害。它们很容易被风吹走，漂浮在水中，所以它们可以漂游得更远。它们进入了河流、公园、海滩和海洋，并且每年在世界各地杀死了许多鸟类、哺乳动物、鱼类和海洋动物。它们可以在环境中持续数百年。我们不应该让塑料袋变成垃圾。我们应该少用塑料袋，并且重复使用和回收使用过的塑料袋。小垃圾，大问题

减少塑料袋使用的一种方法是收费。以前商店免费赠送塑料袋。但在一些国家，包括中国，顾客现在每个袋都要收费。一些店铺还推出了“包终身”计划。他们出售可以重复使用的更结实的袋子，如果袋子坏了，他们会免费更换。

浪费是环境的一个大问题，所以我们需要从小事做起。不乱扔垃圾或者清理“小垃圾”可以节省妥善处理垃圾的费用。当然了，最好不要吸烟或使用塑料袋。1Lookatthetitleandthepicturebelowanddecidewhatyouthinkthetextisabout.Ithinkthetextisaboutwasteandtheoceansandwhatabigproblemitis.2.Readthetextandcomplatethetable.ParagraghMainideaImportantdetails1Smallpiecesoflittercanbeharmful.Plasticbagsandlitterfromsmokersincreased.234Cigarettebuttsarebadfortheenvironment.Buttsaresmallbuttherearetrillionsofthem.Theycontaintoxicchemicalsandtake25yearstodecompose.Plasticbagsarebadfortheenvironment.Plasticbagsareeasilyblownbywindandcarriedbywater,sotheyfindwaytorivers,oceans,parks,beachesandkillbirds,mammals,fish,andseaanimals.Theycanlastforhundredsofyears.Weshouldusefewerplasticbags,andreuseandrecyclethem.Someshopschargeforbagsandhavea"bagfor-life"scheme.Todealwiththeproblemofwaste.Cleaningup“smallwaste”savesmoneybutit’sbestnottolitterorusethesethingsatall.3Workingroups.Discussthequestions.1Whatdoesthetitlemean?Canyounamesomeothersmallpiecesoftrash?2Whataretheeffectivesolutionstotheproblems?3Imagineyouarealeaderofyourcommunity,whatproposalswouldyouputforwardtoimprovetheenvironment?Thetitlemeansthatalthougheachpieceofwasteissmall,lotsofittogetheriscausingbigproblems.Othersmalllitteritemsincludechewinggum,packagingfromthingssuchassweets,snacks,andsandwiches,lidsfrombottlesandcans,disposablecutlery,andbathroomitemssuchasrazorsandcottonbuds.Theeffectivesolutionsaretoreducetheuseofthesethings,disposeofthemproperly,andreuseandrecyclethemwheneverpossible.IfIwasacommunityleader,Iwouldfirstputforwardaproposaltoeducatethecommunityaboutthewasteproblem.Iwouldtalktobusinessesabouttheitemstheysellandencouragethemandthecommunitytouseitemsthatcouldbereusedorrecycledeasily.ThenIwouldmakesuretherewereplentyofplacestodisposeofwastecorrectly.1Thinkaboutwhatinformationyouwillputontheposterandwhatmessageyouwanttoconvey.2Decidetheessentialpartsofyourposter:headline,body,andsignature.Makesureyourheadlineattractsthereaders’attentionandyourmessageisclearandimpressive.3Chooseafewgoodpicturesforyourposter.4Presentyourpostertotheclassorputitupintheclassroom.SayNotoPlasticBags!

Manyplasticbagsendupinriversandthesea.

Theykillfishandotherseacreatures.

Plasticgetsintoourfood.Togetherwecansolvethisproblem:

Reuseplasticbagsagainandagain!

Putallbagsintherecyclingbin!

Takeareusablebagwithyoueverywhere!

FromGroup1,Class24Workingroups.Makeaposterabouttheuseofplasticbagsorlittering.*5Writeanassessmentofwhatisbeingdonetocontrolthe“smallwaste”problem.1Thinkaboutthemeasuresthathavebeentakentodealwiththe"smallwaste"probleminyourlocalcommunityandinthecountryoverall.2SurftheInternetandfindmorefactsaboutthemeasurestakentostrengthenyourassessment.3Considerthefollowingquestionswhenformingyourargument.Doyouthinkthemeasureshavebeeneffective?Whyorwhynot?Whatarethebenefitsofthemeasures?Whatarethedisadvantages?4Writeyourassessmentofthemeasurestaken.5Presentyourassessmenttotheclassordisplayitintheclassroom.SampleWriting

Severalmeasureshavebeentakentodealwiththe“smallwaste”problemofcigarettebuttsinourcommunity.Ourstreetsnowhavemanyspecialsmallbinsforputtingcigarettebuttsin.Drainshavespecialsmallgrillstostopcigarettebuttsgettingintothewatersystem.Theycanbothbecleanedeasily.Ithinkthemeasureshavebeeneffective,butstillmorecanbedone.Thebenefitsofthemeasuresarethattheymakeiteasiertodisposeofbuttsandcollectthem.Thedisadvantages

arethattheydon’tstoptheproblem,ascigarettesstillgetsmoked,andbuttsproduced.Ourassessmentisthatthemeasureswereeffective,butsmokersneedtobeeducatedmoreaboutwhynottodroptheirbuttsandtodisposeofthemproperly.*ExpandingYourWorldACLEAN,GREENENERGYFUTURE

Theworld’senergyneedsaregrowingeveryyear.Ascountriesdevelopandtheirpopulationsgrow,thedemandfortheenergytosupportthemincreases.Untilnow,thisgrowthhasreliedheavilyontheuseoffossilfuels(coal,oil,andgas).Althoughtheirusehasbeenessentialsofar,relianceonthemhasledtopollutionproblems,andperhapsthegreatestfuturechallengeformankind,climatechange.Thankfully,manycountriesaremakingtheimportantchangefromfossilfuelstoclean,green,andrenewablesourcesofenergy.Fossilfuelsproduceemissions,suchascarbondioxide,whichcontributetothegreenhouseeffectandtheglobalclimate.Theyarealso“finite”sources,whichmeansthereisalimitedsupplyofthem.Onceasourcehasbeenusedup,anothermustbefound,andfindingnewsourcesbecomesmoredifficultandexpensiveovertime.Withnoemissionsorwaste,renewableenergysourcescauselimiteddamagetotheenvironment.Theyarerenewablebecausetheycanbenaturallyreplacedandcanthereforebeconsumedwithouttheriskofusingthemup.

世界的能源需求每年都在增长。随着国家的发展和人口的增长，对支持这些国家的能源的需求也在增加。到目前为止，这种增长严重依赖于化石燃料(煤、石油和天然气)的使用。尽管迄今为止它们的使用是必不可少的，但对它们的依赖已经导致了污染问题，也许是人类未来面临的最大挑战——气候变化。

值得庆幸的是，许多国家正在做出重大改变，从化石燃料转向清洁、绿色和可再生能源。化石燃料产生的排放物，如二氧化碳，会造成温室效应和全球气候。它们也是“有限的”资源，这意味着它们的供应是有限的。一旦一个资源用完了，就必须找到另一个，随着时间的推移，找到新的资源变得更加困难和昂贵。由于没有排放或浪费，可再生能源对环境造成的损害有限。它们是可再生的，因为它们可以被自然替代，因此可以在不用尽它们的风险的情况下被消费掉。

Herearethemaintypesofrenewableenergy,withfactsandexamplesfromaroundtheworld.Hydropower

Thepowerofwaterturnsturbineswhichproduceelectricity.Sinceancienttimes,watermillshavebeenusedformanythings,fromgrindingwheattosawingtimber.CountriessuchasParaguayandNorwayalreadyproduceallormostoftheirenergyfromhydropower.MostoftherenewableenergyinChinacomesfromhydropowerplants,suchastheThreeGorgesDam,theworld’slargestpowerstation.Solar

Solarpanelsturnheatfromthesun’sraysintoelectricity,andsolarheatersusethatenergytoheatwaterdirectly.Thisisthefastestgrowingrenewableenergysource,asthecostofthetechnologyisfalling.

Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.

下面是可再生能源的主要类型，以及来自世界各地的事实和例子。水力发电水的力量驱动涡轮机发电。自古以来，水车被用于许多事情，从磨小麦到锯木材。巴拉圭和挪威等国已经全部或大部分能源来自水力发电。中国的大部分可再生能源来自水电站，比如世界上最大的长江三峡水利枢纽工程。太阳能太阳能电池板将来自太阳光线的热量转化为电能，太阳能加热器利用这些能量直接加热水。这是增长最快的可再生能源，因为这项技术的成本正在下降。德国拥有世界上最高的太阳能产能，但中国是世界上最大的市场和太阳能技术的最大生产国。Wind

Tallturbinesareturnedbythewindtoproduceelectricity.Wind“farms”arebuiltonland,oroffshore,totakeadvantageofmorefrequentandpowerfulwindsatsea.Theworld’slargestwindfarmistheLondonArray.Ithas175windturbinesandis20kmoffthecoastofEngland.ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.WindfarmsinprovincessuchasGansuhaveanendlesswindsupply.Geothermal

Thishasbeenanaturalsourceofenergyforthousandsofyears.Today,heatfrombelowtheearth’ssurfaceheatswaterintosteamthatturnsturbinestogenerateelectricity.TheUSAhasthelargestcapacity,withover80%generatedinCalifornia.TheYangbajingPowerPlantisthelargestgeothermalplantinChina.风能

风力涡轮机是由风力驱动发电的。风力“农场”建立在陆地或海上，以利用更频繁和强大的风在海上。世界上最大的风电场是伦敦阵列。它有175个风力涡轮机，距离英格兰海岸20公里。研究人员认为，到2030年，中国可以满足所有的风电需求。甘肃等省的风力发电场有无穷无尽的风能供应。地热

几千年来，地热一直是一种天然能源。今天，来自地表以下的热量将水加热成蒸汽，从而使涡轮机发电。美国的产能最大，80%以上产自加利福尼亚。羊八井发电厂是中国最大的地热发电厂。Biofuel

Thisismaterialfrombiologicalsources(suchascornorgrain)orwasteproductsthatisusedtoproduceenergy.Itisusedingeneratorsforelectricity,orincarsandothermachines.Brazilhasproducedandusedbiofuelmadefromsugarcanefor40years.Chinaistheworld’sthirdlargestproducerofbiofuel.So,whataretheprosandconsofrenewableenergy?Thestrongest“pro”isthatitisclean,producingalmostnopollution.Resourcesareabundantandfree,andcannotbeusedup.Projects,oncesetup,requirelesstomaintain.Theyareidealonasmallscale;onecanhavesolarpanelsontheroof,butnotacoalpowerstationinthekitchen!Itisalso