英文版浅谈中英文化差异

TheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternetiquetteprobing

[Abstract]

Etiquetteisanationinthespecifichistoricalconditionsandgeographicalenvironmentdevelopmentandheritagedownetiquettecivilizationsstandard,isasymboloftheculturalmorphologyandreflect.DifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultureinappellationandcall,meet,dinersfiveaspects,ladiesfirstshowdifferentetiquetteform.Thedifferentnationality'sthinkingstyleandconceptofvaluedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternetiquettedifferenceistheculturalroots.Use"anddifferent"theattitudeoftreatingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternetiquette,recognitionandrespectfordifferences,exploringetiquettecultureinteroperability,ithelpsimprovethesensitivityandofculturaldifferencesonhisculture,therebyimprovingcommunicationefficiencyresilience.

[Keywords]

Chineseandwesternetiquette;Culturaldifference;Values

First,Chineseandwesternetiquetteculturedifference

"Etiquette"istheproductofcivilizedsociety,itisanartificialconstructinsocialinteractiontospecifiedinthemannerspeoplebehaviorsuchascommunicationnorms.Aslongasthehumanexistencecontactsandcommunicationactivities,humanneedsthroughetiquettetoexpresstheiremotionsandrespecteachother.Spain'squeenElizabethoncesaid,"courtesybutaletterofrecommendation."trafficsifangChinasinceancienttimes,boastsaformalstate,hospitablepersonswithcourtesyisthetraditionalvirtuesoftheChinesenation,whichformedarichcultureetiquette,eliminateoneuntimelyfeudaldross,combiningthedevelopmentpracticeofTheTimeschangeandenrichthecontentofthecivilizationandprogress,stillveryimportant.EspeciallyinafterChina'sentryintoWTO,withtheUKandthewesterncountriesrepresentedfrequentlycommunicating.Ifyoudon'tunderstandwesternetiquettecustomsandtraditions,heislikelytocausemisunderstanding,causingcommunicationcannot.Somewedon'tmindwords,manners,inforeignguestsmaylooklikeisdisrespectfuloroffendoroffensive,thusforminginterpersonalandcommunicationobstacles.Toensurethatforeignrelationsandreceptionservicesrunningsmoothly,avoidbrusqueanddiscourteous,itisnecessarytounderstandandknowcountriesetiquettehabitsandcharacteristics.Onlyinthiswaycanwetrulyrespectguests,embodyChina'speople'senthusiasm,hospitableformalstatedemeanor.Etiquetteevidentnationalfeatures,isakindofcultureformsymbolandreflect,peopleintheraisingofthefoot,raisedrhetoricbetweenoftenreflectsindifferentculturalcharacteristics.Differentcultures,socialcommunicationstandardalsovary.TheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternetiquetteismainlymanifestedincompetitivewithname,titleandwesterntaboocustomandladiesfirstfiveaspects:

1、culturalappellationandcalletiquettedifference.BothChineseandEnglishculturedifferencesonthisproblemisobvious.InChineseculture,appellationisanalytical,andinEnglishculture,appellationisfuzzygeneral.AnEnglishwordcousin,auntandUN-clecancorrespondingeightdifferentChineseappellation.Inthecall,hanculturealwaysthinksmall,youngmustrespecttheold,older.WeoftensaythatLaozhang,Laoli,oldman,woman,oldman,zhangsister-in-law,LiDaMawait,itistoshowrespecttitles.AndinEnglishculture,inadditiontoformaloccasions,"MrAndMrs.Outside,metmissbetweensize,nomattertheagecanallusefirstnames,andthatisakindofclosesaysevenifthegapbetweenagesocalledalsonotbrusqueorimpolitefeeling,withChineseetiquettehabitscompletelyopposite.Chinesechildrenifparents,grandparents,forstudentsinteacherusefirstnames,itmustbeconsideredrude.Inthewest,"old"isweak,old,weak,sayothersassynonymouswith"old"isakindofcontemptrudeperformance.

2、thedifference,meetetiquette.TheChinesebodybetinytomeetbeforehandshakeforritual,particularlywithslopingsupervisororVIPshakehandswhentorespectfullyunderloadupperbody,andrespectinthewestthoughtthisactionappeartoodespised.TheChineseoftenliketousebothhandsclenched,lefthandwassevereorcatchorslapeachother'sshoulderorback,evenhugsomeoneelse'snecksaysattitudeenthusiasmandrespecteachother,peoplefromenglish-speakingcountriesgrewdisgust,thinkhetooclose,showedobvioushypocrisyandnottrue.Chineseoftenasked"meetyoueat?Go?Stemwhat?"Thisveryconfused,westerners,sometimesevenanger,thinkinterferenceintheiraffairs.

3、differentetiquettediners.Chineseonthetabletogoodornotadviseddishesforcourtesy,advisedguestseatmoredrik,partyshowhosthospitality,westernersneverreluctantlyothers,theguestwiththehostessactionoften.Mastergeneralenquireiftheguestareliketodrinksomething,theguestshouldtruthfullyanswer,theguest,thehostwillnolongerifdeclinedreluctantly.TheChinesewillactivelypourteaoradrink,andcontinuetoaddtea.Westernerstodrinktheforcourtesy,facingthemasterconstantlyaddtea.Oftendisoriented.ButChinesehabitisnotletthecupisvacant,guesthostdoesnotwithanemptycupthatcalledgoodguests.

4、taboocustomdifferences.Inthewest,toaskaboutpeople'sage,wages,marriage,loveisbig,privacyisconsideredsacred,andinChina,theseareoftentopicofconversation,peoplewon'tfeelunhappy,ordisgust.Visitingageneralisfirstshouldanappointment,madeasurprisevisittobesocialtaboos.Guestsinvitedtodinner,Englishcountriesontimeorafewminuteslateforcourtesy,arriveearlyisnotonlytoloseZagrebwouldalsoallowthehostessflat-footed,Chinesehabitafewminutesearlyreachtoshowrespect.Westernersparticularlyirkedby"13"thisnumber,becausetheirsaviorJesusin13becrucifiedinwhichpeopleproducefromthefearandtaboo13,soindailylifeandworktryingtoavoid13,dinersavoided13people,withatable,building,roomnumberaddressestoavoidlabel13.ButinChineseculture,"13"issetina"evil"beauty,itissaid"caress,intimacy,"andsaid"despised,contempt".Themosttaboodigitalis"four",becauseitand"dead"homophones.

5、ladiesfirstetiquette.Ladyfirstinthewestandinternationalcommunicationoccasionsisstillwidelyprinciple.Incross-culturalcommunicationignoretheprincipleisseriousfauxpas.Onformalcommunicationoccasions,maleandfemalefirstmetbywomandecideswhetherhandshakeposition(unlessmenageorgreat),highinindoorshakehands,inadditiontothehostessoutside,otherladygenerallydoesnotstandup.Moderncommunicationoccasions"ladyfirst"etiquetteandadvancesuchasintooutletthewomen,fluctuationelevators,carorintogoout,maninitiativetoopendoorsforwomen.Theladiesfirstforwesterners,ChinesearenotusedtoetiquetteisthepriorityprincipleoftwoChineseold,weak,disease,remnants,yunpriorityandsuperior,theelder,VIPispreferred.TheChinesedonothavebetweentheconventionsofladiesfirst,whethertomeetbythesuperiororeldershookhandsinindoordecision,boos,ladiesalsomuststandup.

Second,theChineseandwesternculturalrootsetiquettedifference

Generallyspeaking,interpersonal,essentiallyculture.Intheprocessofsocializationwhoformedhisownvaluessystem,whichisinthelong-termnationalsocietyformedunderspecifichistoricalconditions,isallsortsofgeographicalclimate,politicalecology,economyofintangiblecondensed,factorssuchasalreadyintotraditional,relativelystrong.Itisakindofthinkinghabits,isawayoflifeandbehaviorpatternswithasalien,acarrierofculture-theinteractions,andforeignersinevitablywilloccurthevalueorientation,comparative,collisionorfusion.Thoughseeingvaluessystemtouch,inintangible,buteverywhere,theever-presentofculturalgroups,withtheroleofregulationandguidance,istheculturegroupunconsciousnationalcharacterofthefoundation.Eachkindoftraditionaletiquetteprinciplesreflectwhatherepresentsculture,reflectsanationalthinkingstyleandconceptofvalue,therefore,itcanbesaidthatthedifferentnationality'sthinkingstyleandconceptofvaluedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternetiquettedifferenceistheculturalroots.

1、the"natureandhumanity"and"naturetwo"thoughtsystemofinfluence.ConfucianisminChinahadlongdominant,itadvocatesthatthe"classand,heavenanda"(dongzhongshu)thoughts.Chinesetraditionallyput"days"asnatural,advocatesthe"natureandhumanity",i.e.,thebeliefthatoneshouldobeynature,pursueandthenaturalharmoniousunification.Chinesephilosophyhasbeenputthe"natureandhumanity"asallthestartingpointandend-resultofideologicalsystem.Peoplethinkinnature,thereisamysteriousforceintheuniverse,andcontrolthepeopledon'tthinkconquernaturebuttoletnaturetakeitscourse,throughthechangeitselftoadapttonaturalobeysnaturallaw,pursueandthenaturalharmoniousunification.Becauseofthenaturallawofnatureobedientandsuperstitionandfearandworship,makepeoplehavetostrivetoformaharmoniousandstable

2、groupsocialistandtheinfluenceofthevalueorientationofindividualism.Chineseculturetothinkthateveryoneisnotisolatedindividualsonthenetwork,butamemberofthegroup.Inordertomaintaintheharmoniouscommunitynotdecomposition,inordertomaintainconsolidatediscrete,goodinterpersonalrelationshipbetweengroupsformedsomemoralnormsandvaluestorestrainthebehaviorofpeople.Forexample:theheavyrighteousnesslightandself-control,level,introspection,collectivismandthehonourlowvaluesofgroupdependence.IngroupsoffeminismtoorientationofChinesesociety,peoplemustconformtothesocietyandwhatagroupofexpectations,humilityoritsderivatives"humbleyourselfhonourpeople"courtesybehaviorisrespectedbyeveryone."Theritual"cultureteachingpeopletobereveredandwhohavestatus,maintenanceandknowhowtocomityandthehonourlowsocialorder.Suchassawoldmanshouldsay"hellooldman","anoldteacherto","granny","theoldman"etc,sawapositiontogreetpeoplewillcalltheirpositionstoshowrespect.TheideaforcharacteristicsingroupsofChineseculture,withattentionhandleinterpersonalrelationships,mutualconcernandmodesty,mutualunderstandingandhonestwithitscharacteristics,inthecommunicativeforprivate,orlikefanfictionunreservedlydiscloseitsownaffairs,Chinesepeopleliketoflaunt"gentlemanbeingnaked,SIMS,oftenfull","notandhuman"thing.AccordingtoChina'spolitebecauseprivateaffairsistraditional,understandingtoeachother,careforeachother'sfriendlygreeting,saidsoininvolvingpersonalprivacyisoftenusedintheproblem.Thesecommunicativelanguageinwesterneyeisrelatedtothetopic,andintheprivacyoftheeyesoftheChinesepeopleistheembodimentoftheharmoniousinterpersonalrelationships.Entrenchedgroupconsciousnessmakeeveryonehabitsoftransparentlife,alsoformedthehabitofrequiringothersalsotransparent.Suchpersonalbehaviorandwilloftenshouldbeindependent,tangiblearoundcountlessaboutintangiblethingsrestriction,makesnodifference"privacy"viable,independentconsciousnessoftheindividualjust-anemptyconcept.Westernersisthemostrecommendedpersonalindependenceofindividualism.Theygivefreedom,equality,democracyandrightsasthepremise,thesurvivalofsuchvaluestrainingitsequityconsciousness,democraticconsciousnessandrightsconsciousness.Westernersrespectpersonalpower,yearningfreedom(freedom),advocatingequality(withyourcompany),the"equality"ideaembodiedingreeting,appellationbehaviorpatterns,stillseemtobestrangerseventoopoliteandcourteousfamily,treatfamilymembersevenyoungergenerationisalso"thankyou"innoises.Theindividual-centeredindividualcultureisindividualindependence,interestsbalance,mutualnon-aggression,avoidconflict,andwillcommunicationrulesashandleinterpersonalrelationshipsofakindofstrategy.Fororientationofindividualismforthewesternsociety,individualfreedomwasassacrosanct,peoplemustcomply.Privacyhasbeenpeople'sattention,becauseitcanprotectindividualautonomy,fromotherscontrolanddisposal.Westernersprivacyconsciousnessverystrong,suchastalkingtopeopleintheageofthepeopleavoidtalkingaboutpersonalordisease,itisinordertokeepacommunityhealth,young,perfectimage.Asakindofprivacy,peopleavoidpersonalpropertyorincomesuchtopics,isdoingtoprotectthemselves,behelpfulforpersonalexistenceandcompetition.

3、theinfluenceofreligiousfaith.After2000yearsofChinesefeudaldespotism,imperialthantheocratic,notareligiousdominant,ouroverall,isasecularcountry,soChineseetiquette.NoreligiouscolorHoweverinthewest.Christianityhasbeenthedominantreligion,inthe4thcentury,ChristianitywastheRomanempireasAnglican,becomethewestthespiritualpillarofthefeudalsystem.Now,ineuramericanandotherwesterncountriesmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesaloneChristianity,asmanyas40,000manyChristianchurch.Inwesternhistoryalsohasrepeatedlyoutbreaksofinfluentialreligiouswar,sotheetiquetteofwesternstrongreligiouscolor.WesternladiesfirstbyChristiancivilizationetiquettetoadmirewomen,worshiptheinfluenceofwomenfornoblesentiment.Christians(Catholicandorthodoxseveral)speaking.TheblessedvirginMarysetupthehonourablechasteimage,receivedwidespreadrespect.Christiancivilizationforvirgin,toexaltmariabelovedwomenlikegod,evenifwesterncountriesworshipinthefeudalautocraticsocialmedievaltimes,knighttoprotectwomentraditionalalsomission.Knightistochoosealadylove,respectandobedienceasasetofidols,learntowoo,loyalty,protectwomen'sabilities,stintashersuffering,gavehislife,thiskind"knightsofmanners"madeaprofoundimpactonsocialfashion.

Third,theenlightenmentforChineseandwesternculturalcommunication

Confuciussaid,"agentleman,anddifferent"mean.Toadmit"difference",in"different"formedonthebasisof"and",namelyharmoniousandfusion,canmakethingstodevelopment.Today'seraofglobalization,culturalexchangeshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequent,anddifferent"with"theattitudeoftreatingexchangesbetweenChineseandwesterncultures,inrecognitionandrespectfordifferencesofdifferentculturesbasedonotheroutstandingculturalachievementsabsorbedupdatetheirtraditionalculture,i.e.foreignthingsserve,innovation,makeoneselfoftheculturalkeepupwithTheTimes,intotheadvancedlevel,isapositivedesirableattitude.Firstofall,theetiquetteistoachieveinterpersonalharmoniousprerequisiteandguarantee.Modernsocialinterpersonalformmore,morecomplex,butasthecontentofaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenbindsusdidnotchange,basicfactorsistoestablishaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenthepeopleincertainsocialbehaviourandabove.Harmoniousrelationshipbetweenthepeopleneedcertainsocialetiquette,asbinderandlubricant,incross-culturalcommunicationisevenmoreso.Etiquetteembodyanation'scivilizationandpersonalqualities,isthe^cross-culturalcommunicationbetweenthepremiseandguaranteeeffectively.Secondly,theetiquettedifferencefromdifferentculturalconnotationsinitshistorydeduceprocessareallmoreorlesswiththecharacteristicsoflocalcultureinthecross-culturalcommunication,thereforeweshouldnotonlyacknowledgethedifferencesexisted,butalsotounderstandandrespectofthesedifferences.Interculturalcommunicationiscrucialtothesuccessoftheculturaldifferencesandtreatcorrectlytotheunderstandingandheterogeneousculturerespectist