2022年江苏大学英语考试真题卷11测

2022年江苏大学英语考试真题卷

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

单位：姓名：考号：

题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分

分值

得分

一、单项选择题(共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)

1.BuyNothingDayThedayafterThanksgiving,alItheworld(atleast

intheUS)goesshopping.InAmericathisisthebiggestshoppingday

intheentireyear,knownasBlackFriday,whichsoundsdire,but

evidentIyderivesfromthefactthatstorekeeperslosemoneyalIyear

andthisisthefirstdayinwhichtheyfinallygetintotheblackwhich

meanstomakemoney.SomestoresalsocalIitGreenFriday.It59sthe

biggestdayoftheyearforretailers,whenshopkeeper''scanmeasure

whattheirtakeisgoingtobethisyear,andthehoiidayspiritflows

asfastasthecashregisterscanringitup.Gifts,decorationsycandy

andmagazinesdisappearquickly,andwoetotheretaiIerwhodoesn11

thaveasmuchinstockastheconsumerswant.nBuyitnow11isthephrase

oftheday-andpeopIehavebeendoingjustthatforyears,eggedonby

theindustrythatbeginsadvertisinganddecoratingearIierandmore

elaboratelyeachyear.Thisisaboutwaste,conspicuousandexcessive

consumptionandbeingmanipuIatedbyadvertisingtospendmorethanwe

haveonthingswedon''tneed-aIIideaswesupportandpromote.What

sha11wedoThenaIongcomessomethingIikeInternationaIBuyNothing

DayfadaywhenpeopIearoundtheworldpIedgetothemseIvestobuy

absolutelynothingfor24hours.AlwaysadaylaterthantheUS

Thanksgivingdayinmostnations,thereareactivities,celebrationsand

demonstrationsofvariouskindsagainstover-consumption.PeopIeare

encouragedtonotmakeanypurchasesthroughouttheentireday.Theidea

istoincreaseparticipants99awarenessoftheirspendinghabitsand

tothinkaboutmassconsumerismanditseffectonthecuIturaIandnaturaI

environmentoftheworId.Thefamous(orinfamous,dependingonyourpoint

ofview)Adbuster19sMagazineandthefirstBuyNothingDaywereboth

startedbyamannamedKalleLasntanadvertisingexecutiveturned

anti-consumeristactivist.Heproducedtheadthatthenetworkswouldn9'

trun.Hetriedtobuyairtimeforitoverandover,butwasturneddown,

withremarkstotheeffectthat"there19snolawthatwehavetonand

"it''sinoppositiontothecurrenteconomicpolicyoftheUnitedStates.”

ButwedohaveTVads.TheBuyNothingDayTVadsofUSAtelIus:

"LeaveyourwalletathomeandcelebrateBuyNothingDay,theannuaI

revoltagainstconsumerculture.nM...TheaverageNorthAmerican

consumesfivetimesmorethanaMexicanttentimesmorethanaChinese

person,andthirtytimesmorethanapersonfromIndia.11arethe

mostvoraciousconsumersintheworId...n.aworIdwhichcouIddie

becauseofthewayweNorthAmericansIive...M"GiveitarestonBuy

NothingDay.MButatTWHQ(TreehuggerWorldHeadquarters)peopIewere

seriouslyconfIictedabouttheideaofBuyNothingDay-membersspend

theirtimepromotingeco-retailersanddesignerswhoneedcustomers,not

boycotts.Eiresaidf"BlackFridayisalsoanimportantdayforour

eco-giftmakerfriends.Thehoiidaysarethetimewhentheygettoshow

theirstuffandmakethemoneytheyneedtogetthroughanotheryearof

competinginthiscrazyWalmarket.Wehaveputalotofenergyintothe

giftguideandsohavetheawesomevendorswhosentusstufftohelp

promoteeco-friendlyhoiidaystothepress.Ithinktheydeserveour

supportthistimeofyear,withgiftguidesandotherpromotionthatwe

canoffer.MSomepeopIesuggest:"BuyNothingDay1'isaboutrampant

consumptionofoverpackaged,blisterwrappedrubbish.WeshouIdnotbe

onedimensionalaboutthis.WhichisbetterforthepIanetA.For

onedaynobodybuysanything(nextdaytheyhopinthecarandheadoff

tothema11asnormal)orB.EverybodybuysabieyeIeonthatday.

Howtoexpandthemessage:BuyNothingDayPeopIeatTWHQsuggest:一

buysomethingfromstore-unwrapped,environmenta11y-friendIy-

buyasubscriptiontoGSAorganicproducebox-buymembershiptoa

carsharenetwork-buylocal-buyorganic,recycled,nontoxic,

reused,durable,functionaI-buycarboncreditsforthefamily''s

travelforthepastorupcomingyear-buysolarpaneIs-buya

compostingtoiletTherearealternativestoBuyingNothingthatare

equa11ypositiveandalmostascheap.ThingsIikecuttingupcredit

cardsanddroppinghuge"buynothing"bannersacrossshoppingmailshave

frightenedandangeredsomeretailers.CBS,ABCandNBCrefusestillto

airadspromotingBuyNothingDay.(AtalkingpigandamapofNorth

Americaseemedtobeoffensive.)IfyoubeIievethatpeopIehavethe

righttomakedecisionsbasedoninformationinsteadofpropaganda;if

youbeIievethatover-consumptionisselfish;ifyoubeIievethat

shoppingcanbecomeacompuIsivedisorderandifyoubeIievethatitis

thevehicIeforgettingonedeeperanddeeperindebt,thenpleasedo

participate.It''seasy.Simplystayhome,buynothingatall.Don''

tgoshopping.Don''tbuyanything.Ifyouwork,t

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

2.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand

thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,

mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof

goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof

thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds

ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins

withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen

producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer

approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat

insteadoftryingtose11whateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,

themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants

tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept

doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent（慈善的）orthatconsumer

satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways

twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-

andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand

producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe

importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when

CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew

fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt

restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe

new.KingCustomerruled!

Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,.

A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

B.thecustomer-centredapproach

C.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

D.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

3.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying”，some250mi11ionyearsago,

90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofland-based

pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause

ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with

possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers

ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer

isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''

reportedinThursday11sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They

studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland

otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin

Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe

sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,

Ward''steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10mi11ion

yearsfo11owedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother

5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI

warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive

voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at

thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward

explained.n0nceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe

atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe

sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe

atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,"he

said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen

IeveIs,hesaid."Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs

evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,"resultingfromthisera,Ward

said,11WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan

wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs."

Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe

additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent

orIess,Wardsaid.wIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn''

tlive,"hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations

deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe

livingspaceontheplanet,saidWard.

AccordingtoPeterWard''sresearch,.

A.90%ofanimalsandplantswentextinct250millionyearsago

B.dinosaursdiedoffasaresultofmeteorimpacts

C.the"GreatDying"hasmuchtodowithvolcanicactivity

D.globalwarmingplayedaminorpartinthe“GreatDying”

4.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250miIIionyearsago,

90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofIand-based

pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause

ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with

possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers

ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer

isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''

reportedinThursday59sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They

studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland

otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin

Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe

sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,

Ward,'steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10mi11ion

yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother

5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinctionswerecausedbygIobaI

warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive

voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at

thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward

explained."Onceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe

atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe

sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe

atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,nhe

said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen

IeveIs,hesaid."Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs

evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Mresultingfromthisera,Ward

said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan

wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.M

Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe

additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent

orIess,Wardsaid.MIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn''

tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations

deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe

livingspaceonthepIanet,saidWard.

Thephrase"broughton"(Line1,Para4.)mostprobablymeans.

A.causetohappen

B.accelerate

C.diminish

D.sustain

5.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand

thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,

mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof

goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof

thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds

ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins

withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen

producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer

approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat

insteadoftryingtose11whateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresalef

themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants

tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept

doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent（慈善的）orthatconsumer

satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways

twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-

andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand

producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe

importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when

CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew

fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt

restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe

new.KingCustomerruled!

Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconcept

waswidelyaccepted

A.Theneedsofthemarket.

B.Thepreferencesofthedealer.

C.Theefficiencyofproduction.

D.Thesatisfactionoftheuser.

6.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250millionyearsago,

90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofland-based

pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause

ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with

possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers

ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer

isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''

reportedinThursday''sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They

studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemicaI,biologicaland

otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin

Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe

sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,

Ward''steamfoundevidenceofagradualextinetionoverabout10mi11ion

yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother

5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI

warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive

voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at

thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward

explained."Onceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe

atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe

sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe

atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,nhe

said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen

M

IeveIsthesaid.Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs

evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Hresultingfromthisera,Ward

said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan

wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.n

Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe

additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent

orIess,Wardsaid.nIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn'‘

tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations

deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe

livingspaceontheplanet,saidWard.

Thegreenhouseeffectresultedhundredsofmi11ionyearsagowhen

A.theatmospherechangeddramatically

B.oxygenlevelsontheearthbecamelower

C.thesealevelsbecamelowergreatly

D.thesedimentgaveoffenormouscarbonandmethane

7.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand

thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsagof

mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof

goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof

thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds

ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins

withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen

producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer

approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat

insteadoftryingtoseIIwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,

themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants

tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept

doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent(慈善的)orthatconsumer

satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways

twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-

andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand

producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe

importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when

CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew

fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt

restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe

new.KingCustomerruled!

Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible"

(Line3,Para.I)means.

A.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

D.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

8.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250miIIionyearsago,

90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofIand-based

pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause

ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with

possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers

ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer

isgIobaIwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''

reportedinThursday19sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They

studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland

otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin

Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe

sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,

Ward*'steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10miIIion

yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother

5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI

warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive

voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at

thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward

explained.n0nceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe

atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe

sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe

atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,Mhe

said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeclineinoxygen

IeveIs,hesaid.MSomeofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs

evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Hresultingfromthisera,Ward

said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan

wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.n

Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe

additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent

orless,Wardsaid.MIfyoudidn,9tliveonthesealevelyoudidn,J

tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations

deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe

livingspaceonthepIanet,saidWard.

Itcanbeinferredthatdinosaurs99Iow-oxygenadaptation.

A.wasuniqueinevolution

B.evolvedoutofthe1ow-oxygenenvironmenthundredsofmillionyears

ago

C.ishardtoexplain

D.causedtheirextinction

9.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand

thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,

mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof

goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof

thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds

ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins

withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen

producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer

approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat

insteadoftryingtoseIIwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,

themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants

tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept

doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent（慈善的）orthatconsumer

satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways

twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-

andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand

producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe

importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when

CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew

fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt

restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe

new.KingCustomerruled!

Whatdoestherestorati