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2022年江苏大学英语考试真题卷
(本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。)
单位:姓名:考号:
题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分
分值
得分
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)
1.BuyNothingDayThedayafterThanksgiving,alItheworld(atleast
intheUS)goesshopping.InAmericathisisthebiggestshoppingday
intheentireyear,knownasBlackFriday,whichsoundsdire,but
evidentIyderivesfromthefactthatstorekeeperslosemoneyalIyear
andthisisthefirstdayinwhichtheyfinallygetintotheblackwhich
meanstomakemoney.SomestoresalsocalIitGreenFriday.It59sthe
biggestdayoftheyearforretailers,whenshopkeeper''scanmeasure
whattheirtakeisgoingtobethisyear,andthehoiidayspiritflows
asfastasthecashregisterscanringitup.Gifts,decorationsycandy
andmagazinesdisappearquickly,andwoetotheretaiIerwhodoesn11
thaveasmuchinstockastheconsumerswant.nBuyitnow11isthephrase
oftheday-andpeopIehavebeendoingjustthatforyears,eggedonby
theindustrythatbeginsadvertisinganddecoratingearIierandmore
elaboratelyeachyear.Thisisaboutwaste,conspicuousandexcessive
consumptionandbeingmanipuIatedbyadvertisingtospendmorethanwe
haveonthingswedon''tneed-aIIideaswesupportandpromote.What
sha11wedoThenaIongcomessomethingIikeInternationaIBuyNothing
DayfadaywhenpeopIearoundtheworldpIedgetothemseIvestobuy
absolutelynothingfor24hours.AlwaysadaylaterthantheUS
Thanksgivingdayinmostnations,thereareactivities,celebrationsand
demonstrationsofvariouskindsagainstover-consumption.PeopIeare
encouragedtonotmakeanypurchasesthroughouttheentireday.Theidea
istoincreaseparticipants99awarenessoftheirspendinghabitsand
tothinkaboutmassconsumerismanditseffectonthecuIturaIandnaturaI
environmentoftheworId.Thefamous(orinfamous,dependingonyourpoint
ofview)Adbuster19sMagazineandthefirstBuyNothingDaywereboth
startedbyamannamedKalleLasntanadvertisingexecutiveturned
anti-consumeristactivist.Heproducedtheadthatthenetworkswouldn9'
trun.Hetriedtobuyairtimeforitoverandover,butwasturneddown,
withremarkstotheeffectthat"there19snolawthatwehavetonand
"it''sinoppositiontothecurrenteconomicpolicyoftheUnitedStates.”
ButwedohaveTVads.TheBuyNothingDayTVadsofUSAtelIus:
"LeaveyourwalletathomeandcelebrateBuyNothingDay,theannuaI
revoltagainstconsumerculture.nM...TheaverageNorthAmerican
consumesfivetimesmorethanaMexicanttentimesmorethanaChinese
person,andthirtytimesmorethanapersonfromIndia.11arethe
mostvoraciousconsumersintheworId...n.aworIdwhichcouIddie
becauseofthewayweNorthAmericansIive...M"GiveitarestonBuy
NothingDay.MButatTWHQ(TreehuggerWorldHeadquarters)peopIewere
seriouslyconfIictedabouttheideaofBuyNothingDay-membersspend
theirtimepromotingeco-retailersanddesignerswhoneedcustomers,not
boycotts.Eiresaidf"BlackFridayisalsoanimportantdayforour
eco-giftmakerfriends.Thehoiidaysarethetimewhentheygettoshow
theirstuffandmakethemoneytheyneedtogetthroughanotheryearof
competinginthiscrazyWalmarket.Wehaveputalotofenergyintothe
giftguideandsohavetheawesomevendorswhosentusstufftohelp
promoteeco-friendlyhoiidaystothepress.Ithinktheydeserveour
supportthistimeofyear,withgiftguidesandotherpromotionthatwe
canoffer.MSomepeopIesuggest:"BuyNothingDay1'isaboutrampant
consumptionofoverpackaged,blisterwrappedrubbish.WeshouIdnotbe
onedimensionalaboutthis.WhichisbetterforthepIanetA.For
onedaynobodybuysanything(nextdaytheyhopinthecarandheadoff
tothema11asnormal)orB.EverybodybuysabieyeIeonthatday.
Howtoexpandthemessage:BuyNothingDayPeopIeatTWHQsuggest:一
buysomethingfromstore-unwrapped,environmenta11y-friendIy-
buyasubscriptiontoGSAorganicproducebox-buymembershiptoa
carsharenetwork-buylocal-buyorganic,recycled,nontoxic,
reused,durable,functionaI-buycarboncreditsforthefamily''s
travelforthepastorupcomingyear-buysolarpaneIs-buya
compostingtoiletTherearealternativestoBuyingNothingthatare
equa11ypositiveandalmostascheap.ThingsIikecuttingupcredit
cardsanddroppinghuge"buynothing"bannersacrossshoppingmailshave
frightenedandangeredsomeretailers.CBS,ABCandNBCrefusestillto
airadspromotingBuyNothingDay.(AtalkingpigandamapofNorth
Americaseemedtobeoffensive.)IfyoubeIievethatpeopIehavethe
righttomakedecisionsbasedoninformationinsteadofpropaganda;if
youbeIievethatover-consumptionisselfish;ifyoubeIievethat
shoppingcanbecomeacompuIsivedisorderandifyoubeIievethatitis
thevehicIeforgettingonedeeperanddeeperindebt,thenpleasedo
participate.It''seasy.Simplystayhome,buynothingatall.Don''
tgoshopping.Don''tbuyanything.Ifyouwork,t
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
2.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand
thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,
mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof
goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof
thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds
ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.
Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins
withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen
producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer
approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat
insteadoftryingtose11whateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,
themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants
tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept
doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent(慈善的)orthatconsumer
satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways
twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-
andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand
producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough
understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe
importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when
CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew
fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt
restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe
new.KingCustomerruled!
Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,.
A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship
B.thecustomer-centredapproach
C.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase
D.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney
3.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying”,some250mi11ionyearsago,
90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofland-based
pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause
ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with
possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers
ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer
isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''
reportedinThursday11sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They
studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland
otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin
Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe
sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,
Ward''steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10mi11ion
yearsfo11owedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother
5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI
warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive
voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at
thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward
explained.n0nceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe
atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe
sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe
atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,"he
said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen
IeveIs,hesaid."Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs
evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,"resultingfromthisera,Ward
said,11WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan
wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs."
Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe
additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent
orIess,Wardsaid.wIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn''
tlive,"hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations
deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe
livingspaceontheplanet,saidWard.
AccordingtoPeterWard''sresearch,.
A.90%ofanimalsandplantswentextinct250millionyearsago
B.dinosaursdiedoffasaresultofmeteorimpacts
C.the"GreatDying"hasmuchtodowithvolcanicactivity
D.globalwarmingplayedaminorpartinthe“GreatDying”
4.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250miIIionyearsago,
90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofIand-based
pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause
ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with
possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers
ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer
isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''
reportedinThursday59sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They
studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland
otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin
Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe
sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,
Ward,'steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10mi11ion
yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother
5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinctionswerecausedbygIobaI
warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive
voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at
thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward
explained."Onceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe
atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe
sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe
atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,nhe
said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen
IeveIs,hesaid."Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs
evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Mresultingfromthisera,Ward
said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan
wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.M
Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe
additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent
orIess,Wardsaid.MIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn''
tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations
deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe
livingspaceonthepIanet,saidWard.
Thephrase"broughton"(Line1,Para4.)mostprobablymeans.
A.causetohappen
B.accelerate
C.diminish
D.sustain
5.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand
thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,
mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof
goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof
thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds
ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.
Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins
withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen
producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer
approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat
insteadoftryingtose11whateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresalef
themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants
tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept
doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent(慈善的)orthatconsumer
satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways
twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-
andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand
producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough
understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe
importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when
CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew
fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt
restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe
new.KingCustomerruled!
Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconcept
waswidelyaccepted
A.Theneedsofthemarket.
B.Thepreferencesofthedealer.
C.Theefficiencyofproduction.
D.Thesatisfactionoftheuser.
6.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250millionyearsago,
90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofland-based
pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause
ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with
possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers
ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer
isglobalwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''
reportedinThursday''sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They
studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemicaI,biologicaland
otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin
Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe
sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,
Ward''steamfoundevidenceofagradualextinetionoverabout10mi11ion
yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother
5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI
warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive
voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at
thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward
explained."Onceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe
atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe
sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe
atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,nhe
said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeciineinoxygen
M
IeveIsthesaid.Someofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs
evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Hresultingfromthisera,Ward
said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan
wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.n
Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe
additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent
orIess,Wardsaid.nIfyoudidn''tIiveontheseaIeveIyoudidn'‘
tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations
deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe
livingspaceontheplanet,saidWard.
Thegreenhouseeffectresultedhundredsofmi11ionyearsagowhen
A.theatmospherechangeddramatically
B.oxygenlevelsontheearthbecamelower
C.thesealevelsbecamelowergreatly
D.thesedimentgaveoffenormouscarbonandmethane
7.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand
thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsagof
mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof
goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof
thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds
ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.
Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins
withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen
producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer
approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat
insteadoftryingtoseIIwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,
themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants
tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept
doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent(慈善的)orthatconsumer
satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways
twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-
andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand
producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough
understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe
importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when
CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew
fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt
restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe
new.KingCustomerruled!
Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible"
(Line3,Para.I)means.
A.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction
B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible
C.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods
D.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities
8.Inaneventknownasthe"GreatDying",some250miIIionyearsago,
90percentofalImarineIifeandnearlythree-quartersofIand-based
pIantsandanimalswentextinet.ScientistshaveIongdebatedthecause
ofthiscalamity-whichoccurredbeforetheeraofdinosaurs-with
possibiIitiesincludingsuchdisastersasmeteorimpacts.Researchers
ledbyPeterWardoftheUniversityofWashingtonnowthinktheanswer
isgIobaIwarmingcausedbyvoIcanicactivity.Theirfindingsare''
reportedinThursday19sonlineeditionofthejournalScience.They
studiedtheKarooBasinofSouthAfrica,usingchemical,biologicaland
otherevidencetorelatelayersofsedimenttheretosimilarlayersin
Chinathatpreviousresearchhastiedtothemarineextinetionatthe
sameperiod.Studyinga1,000-footthicksectionofexposedsediment,
Ward*'steamfoundevidenceofagraduaIextinetionoverabout10miIIion
yearsfoIIowedbyasharpincreaseinextinetionratethatIastedanother
5mi11ionyears.TheybeIievethattheextinetionswerecausedbygIobaI
warmingandoxygendeprivationoverlongperiodsoftime.Massive
voIcanicflowsinwhatisnowSiberiabroughtonthewarmingwhile,at
thesametime,geologicactioncausedgIobaIseaIeveIstodrop,Ward
explained.n0nceyouexposeahugeamountofunderwatersedimenttothe
atmosphere,twoverybadthingshappen-ahugeamountofcarboninthe
sedimentsisreleasedandalsomethane.Once(methane)hitsthe
atmosphereit''sthemostefficientgreenhousegasontheplanet,Mhe
said.Thatprovidedaone-twopunchofwarmingandadeclineinoxygen
IeveIs,hesaid.MSomeofushavebeentoyingwiththeideathatdinosaurs
evoIvedtobeaIow-oxygenadaptation,Hresultingfromthisera,Ward
said,"WeknowbirdscanIiveatmuchloweroxygenconcentrationsthan
wedo,andwethinkthereweresimilarlungadaptationsindinosaurs.n
Currentlytheatmosphereconsistsofabout21percentoxygen,butthe
additionofgasesatthattimecouldhaveloweredIeveIsto16percent
orless,Wardsaid.MIfyoudidn,9tliveonthesealevelyoudidn,J
tlive,“hecommented,reflectingthefactthatoxygenconcentrations
deciinewithaltitude.Theresultwouldhavebeentoeliminatehalfthe
livingspaceonthepIanet,saidWard.
Itcanbeinferredthatdinosaurs99Iow-oxygenadaptation.
A.wasuniqueinevolution
B.evolvedoutofthe1ow-oxygenenvironmenthundredsofmillionyears
ago
C.ishardtoexplain
D.causedtheirextinction
9.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonIynecessarytounderstand
thedifferencebetweenmarketingandse11ing.Nottoomanyyearsago,
mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionof
goods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchof
thesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneeds
ofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.
Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbegins
withfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthen
producinggoodsthatwi11satisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer
approachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat
insteadoftryingtoseIIwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresaIe,
themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwants
tobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavaiIabIeforpurchase.Thisconcept
doesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevoIent(慈善的)orthatconsumer
satisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.ThereareaIways
twosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-
andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.SuccessfuImerchantsand
producers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough
understandingandcateringtocustomers.AstrikingexampIeofthe
importanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,when
CocaColachangedthefIavorofitsdrink.Thenonacceptanceofthenew
fIavorbyasignificantportionofthepubIicbroughtaboutaprompt
restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedaIongsidethe
new.KingCustomerruled!
Whatdoestherestorati
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