职业健康和安全培训紧急情况的处理

OccupationalHealthandSafetyTraining

职业健康和安全培训EmergencyProcedures紧急情况的处理第一页，共三十九页。OHS6ThisSessionWillCover这部分包括:EmergencyProcedures紧急情况处理:FireAlarmsandFireSafety火灾EarthquakeProcedures地震SpillClean-up药品溅洒清除第二页，共三十九页。OHS6FireSafety安全防火第三页，共三十九页。OHS6EmergencyProcedures:Objectives紧急情况处理目的Bytheendofthissessionyouwillbeableto通过学习，你能够:ListthebasiccomponentsofaFirePlan列出火警预案的主要内容Listthefourtypesoffires,andrelatedfireextinguishers列出4种火情和相应灭火装置第四页，共三十九页。OHS6FireSafetyEquipment防火设施Ensurestaffareawareofthelocationsoffiresafetyequipmentincluding确保工作人员知晓防火设施的分布:Smokedetectors烟雾探测器Sprinklers洒水装置Fireextinguishers灭火器Firealarmpanels火警仪表盘Firealarmbells火警铃Fireexitdoors安全出口Fireplanpostings逃生指示图第五页，共三十九页。OHS6FirePlanandEvacuation

逃生

Ifthefireissevere,evacuateimmediately:Yourlifecomesfirst!如果火势严重，立即撤离，你的生命是第一位的第六页，共三十九页。OHS6FirePlanandEvacuation火警预案和逃生Fireplan火警预案Includesthefollowinginformation包括以下信息:ListofFireMarshalls防火小组名单EvacuationProcedure逃生方法1:Procedureforafirethatisimmediatelydangeroustopersonnel即刻造成伤害的火情逃生法2:Procedureforafirethatisnotimmediatelydangeroustopersonnel非即刻造成伤害的火情逃生法Postatallexitdoors所有安全通道贴有标识Drivesprocessforfiredrills火警演习Holdatleasttwiceperyear每年至少举行两次第七页，共三十九页。OHS6FireMarshalls防火小组Definition定义:FireMarshalls防火小组Designatedstaff

responsibleforensuringeveryoneisoutofthebuildingintheeventofafire经指定的小组成员在火灾发生时负责每个灾区人员逃离建筑物Responsibleforreportingtoemergencypersonnel(firefighters,ambulanceattendants,police)负责向急救人员报告（灭火队员、医疗急救人员、警务人员）第八页，共三十九页。OHS6EvacuationProcedure逃生法Personwhodetectsthefire发现火情的人员:Closedoorstotheroomwherethefirebrokeout将火灾发生房间的门关好Ringthefirealarm拉响火警Ifpossible,notifyfiremarshallsthroughpagingsystem如可能，通过电脑监控系统向防火小组报告Locationandtypeoffire地点和火情种类第九页，共三十九页。OHS6EvacuationProcedure,cont’dFireMarshalls防火小组Closefiredoors关发生火灾地的门Allstaff所有人员Evacuateimmediately立即撤离Beforeusingthestaircase,checkthatthestairwellisfreeofsmokeandfire.在使用楼梯时，检查楼梯间是否有烟雾和火情Ifstairwellisobstructed,usealternatestaircase若楼梯间遇阻，选它处Onlyusebalconiesifallstairwellsareblockedbyfire只有在所有楼梯均遇阻，才使用阳台Turnoffgassources(cylindersandgasflames)关掉气源（气瓶和燃气）Turnofflights关灯Closealldoors(Donotlock)关上所有门（但不要锁上）Mayminimizeandcontainthefire时火势最小第十页，共三十九页。OHS6EvacuationProcedure,cont’dDepartmentSupervisors:Ensureallstaffandvisitorsfromtheirdepartmentareevacuatedinanorderlyfashion确定所有人员和来访者均有序撤离Ensurealllightsandgassourcesareoff确定所有气源和电源都关掉Ensurealldoorsareclosed(butnotlocked)确定所有门已关上（勿锁上）ProvideaheadcounttotheFireMarshallatthecongregationarea在集合地向防火小组通报人员清点情况第十一页，共三十九页。OHS6EvacuationProcedure,cont’dCongregationArea集合地:Designatedgatheringareaoutsideofthebuilding指定的建筑外安全地点Listedinfireplan在火灾预案中指明Farenoughawayfrombuildingthatstaffwillbesafeiffireissevere若火灾严重应离建筑物足够远Personnelassemblebydepartment人员集合按部门汇集FireMarshallwillapproacheachSupervisortoconfirmallpersonnelareoutofthebuilding防火小组应与各组负责人碰头确认所有人员已撤离建筑物第十二页，共三十九页。OHS6EvacuationProcedure,cont’dDonotre-enterthebuildinguntilpermittedtodosobytheFireDepartmentand/ortheFireMarshall只有在防火部门/防火小组允许的情况下方可再次进入建筑物第十三页，共三十九页。OHS6FireAlarmsandFireSafetycont’d

Remember:Ifthefireissevere,evacuateimmediately:Yourlifecomesfirst!牢记：如果火势严重，立即撤离，你的生命是第一位的！第十四页，共三十九页。OHS6FireExitRules

火灾逃生规则Accesstoexitsandexitsthemselvesmustbekeptclear由安全通道撤离，安全通道必须干净通畅Corridorsandstairwellsmustbekeptfreeofobstructionsandcombustibles走廊和楼梯必须无障碍物和易燃物Knowthelocationofallexitsinthearea.应知道所在区域的所有安全通道出口第十五页，共三十九页。OHS6TypesofFires

火灾分类Fourtypesoffires四种火情:ClassAordinarymaterialslikeburningpaper,lumber,cardboard,plastics,etc.普通材料如纸张、木材、纸板、塑料等等ClassBflammableorcombustibleliquidssuchasgasoline,kerosene,andcommonorganicsolvents易燃液体如汽油、煤油及一般有机试剂第十六页，共三十九页。OHS6TypesofFirescont’dClassC:energizedelectricalequipment,suchasappliances,switches,panelboxes,powertools,hotplatesandstirrers电器，如用具、开关、配电箱、电源、电热板和搅拌器等Donotusewatertoextinguishbecauseofelectricalshockrisk勿用水灭火，因为会引起电击ClassD:

combustiblemetals,suchasmagnesium,titanium,potassiumandsodium可燃金属，如鎂、钛、钾和钠Thesematerials这些金属burnathightemperatures在高温下燃烧reactviolentlywithwater,air,and/orotherchemicals与水、空气及其他化学物质剧烈反应第十七页，共三十九页。OHS6FireExtinguishers灭火设备Trytoconfine,controlandextinguishthefireonlyif只有在以下条件时才能控制和扑灭火势youaretrainedinuseoffireextinguishers经培训如何使用灭火器knowthetypeofhazardinvolved

知道火势类型Portablefireextinguishers便携式灭火器Placethroughoutthelab在实验室各处放置HaveABCratingsonthem具有ABC分级ABCpowderABC粉末Maybeusedforalltypesoffire适用于各类火种Leavesapowderresidue喷洒粉末AluminumhighpressureCO2cylinder(ClassBandC)高压铝二氧化碳灭火器，瓶式（B和C类）Notforuseonpaperfires不能用于纸张引起的火势第十八页，共三十九页。OHS6FireSafety–Review

防火安全-回顾Inthissession,wehavediscussed该章节我们讨论了Thecomponentsofafireplan防火预案的主要内容Theresponsibilitiesoffiremarshallsandsupervisorsinthecaseofafire遇火情时，防火小组和部门负责人的职责Thefourtypesoffires四种火情Howfireextinguishersarecategorized灭火器的分类第十九页，共三十九页。OHS6FireSafety防火安全

Questions?问题第二十页，共三十九页。OHS6EarthquakePreparedness

地震的应对措施第二十一页，共三十九页。OHS6EarthquakePreparedness–Objectives目的Afterthissession,youwillbeableto本章节，你将:Discusshowtokeepyourselfsafeduringanearthquake讨论如何在地震发生时保护自己第二十二页，共三十九页。OHS6EarthquakePreparedness

地震的应对Intheeventofanearthquake,thefollowingmayoccur地震发生时，会:lightsmaygoout熄灯sprinklersystemsmaygoon洒水系统启动firealarmsmaysound火警响thegroundmayshake地面晃动furnitureandequipmentmaymove家具和仪器移动Buildingstructuremaybeaffected建筑结构受损第二十三页，共三十九页。OHS6WhenanEarthquakeBegins当地震发生时:DUCK躲避underdesk桌子下inadoorway–butbeawareofclosingdoors在门口-意识到要关上门COVERyourhead护住头部HOLD(brace)yourself抱紧自己againstadoorway靠在门口处ontodeskortableleg在桌边或桌子腿第二十四页，共三十九页。OHS6DuringanEarthquake地震时:Moveawayfrombookshelves离开书架Innerwallsareusuallythesafestarea内墙为最安全之处Ifoutside–staythere若在室外，待在外面Movetoopenspaceawayfrombuildingsandpower-lines转移到远离建筑物和电线的开阔地第二十五页，共三十九页。OHS6AftertheQuakeEnds地震结束后:Staycalm保持冷静Staysafe安全Providefirstaidtotheinjured向受伤者提供急救Extinguishopenflames扑灭明火Waituntilmotionhasstoppedbeforeexitingthebuilding待不再晃动方可离开建筑物 Gatheremergencysuppliesandfirstaidkitstotaketodesignatedevacuationarea携带急救物品和急救箱到指定避难处第二十六页，共三十九页。OHS6AftertheQuakeEnds:Evacuatebuildingifitisunsafeforoccupancy如停留在室内不安全则撤离建筑物Donotre-enterthebuildinguntilitissafetodoso只有在安全的情况下才能回到建筑物内Ensuretherearenogasleaksorfirehazardsbeforeturningonlightswitches开灯前确保无气体泄漏或火情Bepreparedforsignificantaftershocks预防大的余震第二十七页，共三十九页。OHS6AftertheQuakeEnds:Listentotheradioforinstructions收听广播Donotflushtoilets不要冲厕所Usephoneforlifesafetyonly仅在求生情况下使用电话第二十八页，共三十九页。OHS6EarthquakePreparedness–Review地震的应对-回顾Wehavediscussedhowtoconductyourselfwhenanearthquakebegins,duringanearthquake,andafteranearthquakeends我们讨论了在地震发生到结束3个阶段，该如何行动Thisconductwillincreasesyourchancesofstayingsafe,andun-injured这将使你更加安全、免于受伤第二十九页，共三十九页。OHS6EarthquakePreparedness

地震的应对

Questions?问题第三十页，共三十九页。OHS6SpillClean-up溅洒的清除第三十一页，共三十九页。OHS6SpillClean-up–Objectives溅洒的清除-目标Followingthissession,youwillbeabletoEstablishaspillcleanupprotocolforchemicalandbiohazardspills对化学品和生物有害物质的溅洒建立一个清除方案第三十二页，共三十九页。OHS6SpillClean-Up溅洒清除Establisha“SpillTeam”组建“溅洒清除小组”Stafftrainedinspillresponseandclean-up成员经培训负责溅洒清除Establishageneralchemicalandbiohazardousspillclean-upprocedure建立对化学品和生物有害物质的溅洒建立一个清除方案Establishindividualspillclean-upproceduresforspecificchemicals建立对特殊化学品溅洒专项清除方案第三十三页，共三十九页。OHS6GeneralProcedureforChemicalSpills化学品溅洒清除一般方法Evacuatethearea撤离溅洒区域PageSpillTeam上报“溅洒清除小组”SpillTeamwilltakecontrolofthesituation“溅洒清除小组”成员将专门处理Chemicalspillsarecleanedusingaspillcleanabsorbentmaterial化学品溅洒后用溅洒吸收物质清除Neutralizesthechemical使化学品呈中性Papertowelsarenotsufficienttocleanupchemicalspills用纸巾清除化学品溅洒是不够的第三十四页，共三十九页。OHS6GeneralProcedureforBiohazardousMaterialSpills生物有害物溅洒的一般处理办法CleanedupbyMicrobiologystaff由微生物部门的人员清除Procedure处理办法Doubleglove双层手套Laypapertowelsontopofspilltosoakupmaterial在溅洒处铺上纸巾吸干废物Donotspreadpape