2022-2023学年江西省上饶市高三第一次高考模拟考试英语试题听力

上饶市2023届高三第一次高考模拟考试英语卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthemanespeciallylikeaboutChongqing?A.Itsclimate.B.Itsscenery.C.Itsfood.2HowwillthespeakersgotothePeople’sPark?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Motherandson.C.Teacherandstudent.4.Onwhichfloorarechildren’stoys?AThe3rdfloor.B.The4thfloor.C.The5thfloor.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Awriter.C.Anorganization.听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whathappenedtotheboy?A.Hefeltundertheweather.B.Hewaslateforschool.C.Heskippedbreakfast.7.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Cooksomenoodles.B.Callthedoctor.C.Makesometea.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhoisMike?A.Ann’shusband.B.Ann’scolleague.C.Ann’sroommate.9.WhydoesSusanmakethecall?A.Toarrangeameeting.B.Togetsomeinformation.C.Tofindapart-timejob.10.WhenwillSusanmeettheteachers?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthesuite?A.Itisbeautiful.B.Itisexpensive.C.Itiscomfortable.12.Whichisincludedintheprice?A.Breakfast.B.Lunch.C.Supper.13.Howmuchwillthemanpayforhisroom?A.$250.B.$500.C.$750.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatwillthewomanandherauntdofirstduringtheholiday?A.TravelaroundHollywood.B.GotoPalmSprings.C.Visitafriend.15.WhydoesthewomanwanttodrivetoPalmSprings?A.Tosavetime.B.Tocarrythingseasily.C.Toenjoythescenery.16.Whatistheman’splanforthefirstWeek?A.Takingatrip.B.Doingthegardening.C.Havingsomeclasses.17.Howwillthemanlearnswimming?A.Teachhimself.B.Learnfromhisbrother.C.Hireaswimminginstructor.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Wheredoeskiwifruitoriginallycomefrom?A.America.B.NewZealand.C.China.19.Whenwas“zipper”trademarked?A.In1923.B.In1930.C.In1959.20.Whoisthelargestproducerofzippers?A.AnAmericancompany.B.AJapanesecompany.C.AFrancecompany.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGuidetoStockholmOurlibraryoffersdifferenttypesofstudyingplacesandprovidesagoodstudyingenvironment.ZonesThelibraryisdividedintodifferentzones.Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.Thereadingplacesconsistmostlyoftablesandchairs.Thegroundflooristhezonewhereyoucantalk.Hereyoucanfindsofasandarmchairsforgroupwork.ComputersYoucanuseyourowncomputertoconnecttotheWiFispeciallypreparedfornotebookcomputers;youcanalsouselibrarycomputers,whichcontainthemostcommonlyusedapplications,suchasMicrosoftOffice.TheyaresituatedintheareaknownastheExperimentalFieldonthegroundfloor.Group-studyPlacesIfyouwanttodiscussfreelywithoutdisturbingothers,youcanbookastudyroomorsitatatableonthegroundfloor.Somestudyroomsarefor2-3peopleandotherscanholdupto6-8people.Allroomsaremarkedonthelibrarymaps.Thereare40group-studyroomsthatmustbebookedviathewebsite.Tobook,youneedanactiveUniversityaccountandavalidUniversitycard.Youcanusearoomthreehoursperday,ninehoursatmostperweek.StorageofStudyMaterialThelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorecourseliterature.Whenyouhaveobtainedatleast40credits,youmayrentalockerandpay400SEKforayear’srentalperiod.RulestoBeFollowedMobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyouwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceivecalls.Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrary,butyouareallowedtohavedrinksandsweetswithyou.1.Whatcanyoudoonthegroundfloor?A.Readinaquietplace. B.Drinksodes.C.Talkfreelyifyouwant. D.Getyourcomputersfixed.2.Howmanyhourscanyouuseastudyroomaday?A.3hours. B.6hours. C.8hours. D.9hours.3.Whatcanbeallowedtodointhelibrary?A.Tokeepphonesonsilent. B.Tomakemobilephoneconversations.C.Toeatfoodandfruit. D.Tousegroup-studyroomsanytime.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在StockholmUniversityLibrary中需要注意的事项。这里有专门的默读区、讨论区，以及如何使用计算机、存储材料以及使用手机和带食物及饮料等的规定。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Zone(区域)”部分中的“Thegroundflooristhezonewhereyoucantalk.(一楼是聊天区。)”可知，在一楼，如果你想的话，可以随心所欲地聊天。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Group-studyPlaces(小组学习地)”部分中第二段的“Youcanusearoomthreehoursperday,ninehoursatmostperweek.(你一天可以使用一个房间三小时，一周最多九小时。)”可知，一天最多使用学习室三小时。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“RulestoBeFollowed(需要遵守的规定)”部分中第一段的“Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyouwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceivecalls.(图书馆内任何地方都不允许使用手机。把手机调成静音，就像在上课一样；如果需要接电话，就离开图书馆。)”可知，在图书馆，是允许把手机调成静音的。故选A项。BIfartpreservesthecultureoftheCrowpeople,thenCrowwomenarethekeepersofthatculture,cultivatingittoreflectthemodemday.FashiondesignerBethanyYellowtailgrewupridinghorsesandrunninginthefieldsandswimmingintheriverandbeingaroundherpeopleintheCrowNationandNorthernCheyenneIndianreservationsinsoutheasternMontana.Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2015sheturnedthatknowledgeintoherownbrand:B.Yellowtail.Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,madeupofnativeartists,tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferenttribesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.Yellowtailandherteamworkforthenative-ownedbusinessthat’srootedincommunity.ArtistswithintheCollectivetypicallyreceive70%ofprofitfromretailsales,andforaportionofthepandemic(流行病)thebrandhasuppedthatto100%.Theextramoneyhas,ofcourse,increasedartists’incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent:withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn’texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtail’smother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,whichoftenrunsinthefamily—andalongthematriarchal(母系的)side.LittleCoyotepickedupherentrepreneurialspiritfromherparents,whoownedagiftshop.“Myparentssaid,‘Ifyouhavehands,createsomething.Dosomething,andmakealivingoffofthat,’”shesaid.Afterherparentspassedaway,theartistbeganlearningbeading(串珠)earringsherself.Dentalium,atuskshelloftenusedinnativejewelry,caughthereyeinparticular.“Iloveit,becausebackintheday,ourCheyennewomenworealotofdentalium,”shesaid.“SoIwantedtogiveacontemporarylooktothat—towhatourancestorswore.”YellowtailherselflearnedsewingfromherauntsandgrandmothersbeforemovingtoLosAngelesin2007tostudyfashiondesign.Now,nativewomensupportnativewomen—andmatriarchalartevolves.4.WhydidBethanyYellowtailsetupB.Yellowtail?A.Tomaketheirculturecontinue. B.Tobecomerichassoonaspossible.C.Toreflectthemodemfashions. D.Toinspiremorewomentowork.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Native-ownedbusinessesmakemoneymoreeasily.B.TheprofitfromtheCollectivehasfallensharply.C.Localartistslovetoworkintheircommunity.D.Artists,incomeisrelatedtothedevelopmentofnativeculture.6.WhyisDewandaLittleCoyotementionedinthetext?A.Toproveshelovesherdaughterdeeply.B.Toshowhownativecultureishandeddown.C.Topraisehereffortstohelptheyoung.D.Toappealtomorewomentojoininjewelrydesign.7.WhatkindofpersonisBethanyYellowtail?A.Humorous,modestandcooperative. B.Traditional,cautiousandoutgoing.C.Independent,competitiveandcreative. D.Creative,determinedandselfless.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。克罗部落(CrowNation)是美国蒙大拿州的印第安部落，年轻的设计师BethanyYellowtail在这里长大，她为了传承本土文化做出了很多努力。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2015sheturnedthatknowledgeintoherownbrand:B.Yellowtail.(她亲身体会到艺术对于保持本土传统的重要性。2015年，她将这些知识转化为自己的品牌：B.Yellowtail)”可知，BethanyYellowtail成立B.Yellowtail是为了让他们的文化延续下去。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theextramoneyhas,ofcourse,increasedartists’incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent:withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn’texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.(当然，这些额外的收入增加了艺术家们在过去一年的收入，但这种关系是相互依存的：没有这些艺术家的作品，B.Yellowtail就不会存在，本土文化也会感到损失)”可知，艺术家的收入与本土文化的发展息息相关。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtail’smother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,whichoftenrunsinthefamily—andalongthematriarchalside.(DewandaLittleCoyote是Yellowtail的妈妈。家庭对他们的部落非常重要。艺术也是如此，它通常在家族中传承——沿着母系家族的一边)”可推知，在文中提到DewandaLittleCoyote是为了来展示本土文化是如何传承的。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“In2015sheturnedthatknowledgeintoherownbrand:B.Yellowtail.(2015年，她将这些知识转化为自己的品牌：B.Yellowtail)”可知，她是一位时尚设计师并且创立了自己的品牌，说明她是一个有创意的人；根据第二段的“Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,madeupofnativeartists,tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferenttribesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.(一年后，她创建了由本土艺术家组成的B.YellowtailCollective，为他们的社区创造经济机会。这些艺术家中有许多是来自不同部落的女性，但她们都保留了自己的文化，并通过自己选择的媒介将其发扬光大)”可知，她为了传承本土文化创立了品牌，并聘用当地艺术家来延续本土文化，说明她是一个有决心的人；根据第三段的“Theextramoneyhas,ofcourse,increasedartists’incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent:withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn’texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.(当然，这些额外的收入增加了艺术家们在过去一年的收入，但这种关系是相互依存的:没有这些艺术家的作品，B.Yellowtail就不会存在，本土文化也会感到损失)”可知，她所做的一切并不是为了自己，而是为了文化的传承，这说明她是一个无私的人。故选D。CResearchersoutofAustralia’sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudiedvariousphysicalreactionsduringsleepwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson’scardiovascular(心血管的)response.Whenslowlyactivatedduringsleep,theseresponses“couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,”saidresearchers.Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibels(分贝)ofwindfarmandroadnoisewhileasleep,andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheartratesaswellassleepawakenings.Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbytheresearchers.Forexample,a48-decibel(dB)noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,was3.4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants’pulsewaveamplitude(脉搏波振幅),whichisameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.Participants’heartratesrespondedtothenoiseaswell.Afterbeingexposedtoanoiseofover40dB,theyexperiencedanincreasefollowedbyadecreaseintheirheartrates.Thestudynotedthatthesesoundlevelsareundertherecommended70dBlimitbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Physiologicalreactionsthatthestudymonitored,suchasheartratesandbloodflow,mayrootintheproperresponsesthatmaybe“potentiallyneededtodefendagainstthreatsduringsleep,”researcherssaid.Sleepistypicallyatimeforthebodytorestandrecover,andnoise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromgettingtheproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.Researchersnotedthatbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardisease,suchashypertension,heartdisease,andotherharmfulhealtheffects.Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedbyfrequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbances,researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpoliciesaroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.8.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“adverse”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Positive. B.Obvious. C.Harmful. D.Common.9.WhichofthefollowingwillNOTreacttothenoises?A.Pulsewaveamplitude. B.Senseofsafetyandduty.C.Bloodflowandheartrates. D.Possiblesleepawakening.10.Whatdoresearchershopetoseeaftertheirfindings?A.Allpeoplecanrestandrecoverinnoise-freeenvironments.B.Physiologicalreactionscanbemonitoredformostpeople.C.Frequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbanceswilldisappearsoon.D.Officialpoliciescanbeputonnoisepollutiontoguaranteebettersleep.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Noiseduringsleepaffectsyourheart.B.Noise-freesleepischangingyourlife.C.Noisepollutionduringsleepwillbebanned.D.Variousphysicalreactionsariseduringsleep.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍澳大利亚一所大学的研究，揭示了睡眠时噪音会影响心脏这一理论。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Researchersnotedthatbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardisease,suchashypertension,heartdisease,andotherharmfulhealtheffects.(研究人员指出，睡眠时暴露在噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病风险，如高血压、心脏病和其他有害健康的影响。)”可知，睡觉时如果有噪音，可能会增加心血管疾病的风险，并且会造成有害影响；由此可以推测出，文章第一段“Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson’scardiovascular(心血管的)response.Whenslowlyactivatedduringsleep,theseresponses“couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,”saidresearchers.(他们发现，睡眠时的某些噪音水平，甚至低于建议的安全水平，可能会影响一个人的心血管反应。研究人员说，当这些反应在睡眠中被缓慢激活时，“可能会对心血管系统产生adverse影响”。)”中，同样也是表述会造成“不利影响”。A.积极的；B.明显的；C.有害的；D.普遍的。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibelsofwindfarmandroadnoisewhileasleep,andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheartratesaswellassleepawakenings.Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbytheresearchers.(研究人员让20名成年参与者在睡眠时暴露在不同分贝的风电场和道路噪音中，然后监测身体反应，包括血液流动和心率以及睡眠觉醒。研究人员发现，虽然参与者睡着了，但他们对这些噪音有反应。)”可知，血流量和心率、睡眠觉醒对噪音是有反应的，故排除C、D项；根据文章第三段“Forexample,a48-decibel(dB)noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,was3,4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants’pulsewaveamplitude,whichisameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.(例如，48分贝的噪音比50分贝的冰箱嗡嗡声更安静，导致参与者脉搏波振幅变化的可能性要高3、4倍，这是一种与血液流动有关的测量方法。)”可知，噪音对脉冲波幅也会造成影响，排除A。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedbyfrequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbances,researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpoliciesaroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.(为了帮助减少频繁的噪音引起的睡眠障碍所带来的潜在的健康风险，研究人员指出，他们的发现有助于制定围绕睡眠噪音水平的公共政策。)”可知，研究人员希望能够针对噪音污染制定官方政策来保证更好的睡眠。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ResearchersoutofAustralia’sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudiedvariousphysicalreactionsduringsleepwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson’scardiovascular(心血管的)response.(澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的研究人员最近研究了睡眠中暴露在噪音下的各种身体反应。他们发现，睡眠时的某些噪音水平，甚至低于建议的安全水平，可能会影响一个人的心血管反应。)”，文章倒数第二段“Sleepistypicallyatimeforthebodytorestandrecover,andnoise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromgettingtheproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.(睡眠通常是身体休息和恢复的时间，睡眠中噪音引起的这些心血管反应的激活可能会阻止一个人获得所需的适量健康睡眠。)”和最后一段“Researchersnotedthatbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardisease,suchashypertension,heartdisease,andotherharmfulhealtheffects.(研究人员指出，睡眠时暴露在噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险，如高血压、心脏病和其他有害健康的影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是睡眠时，噪音是如何影响心脏的。故选A项。DScotCase,VicePresidentoftheenvironmentalmarketingfirmTerraChoice,wasnothappy.Caselastyearsenthisresearchersintoabig-boxretailstoretoevaluatethegreenadvertisingclaimsofsomeoftheproductsonitsshelves.Theresultswereshocking,ofthe1,018productsTerraChoicesurveyed,allbutonefailedtoliveupfullytotheirgreenboasts.Hecouldn’tbelievetheresult,andhadhisteamredothesurvey,buttheresultscamebackthesame.“Itjustshowswe’reawashingreenwash.”Hesaid.Manyconsumersmaynothaveheardthetermgreenwashing,butthey’vesurelyexperiencedit—misleadingmarketingabouttheenvironmentalbenefitsofaproduct.Greenwashingisn’tnew—eversincetheenvironmentwasanissueintheearly1970s.Asgoinggreenhasbecomebigbusiness,environmentaladvocatesworrythattrulygreencompaniescouldgetlostinthesituation.“Wehavesuchachallengeaheadofusonclimatechange,saysKevinTuerff,aco-founderofthemarketingconsultancyEnviroMedia.“Greenwashingharmstheeffortweneedtobemaking.”Thefirststeptocleaningupgreenwashingistoidentifyit,andTuerffandhispartnershavehitonaninnovativewaytospotlightparticularlyabnormalexamples.They’velaunchedtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitethatallowsconsumerstopostadsthatmightbeexamplesofgreenwashingandratethemonascaleof1to5—1isalittlegreenlie;Sisabiggreenlie.It’sasimpledevice,butitshowsthepoweroftheInternetouncovermisleadingadswithasimpleWebsearch,anyconsumercanfindouttheindextheywanttoknow.Googlingisn’ttheonlywaytotakeoutthegreenwashing,however.TheTerraChoicewebsiteoffersalistofwhatitcallsthe“sixsinsofgreenwashing”—sixsimplesignsthatshouldremindconsumersofacompanythatismoreinterestedinsellingtheearththansavingit.“Wehavebettergreenproductsbutalotofexaggerated(夸张的)claims,”saysCase.“Thatcouldbeenoughtodestroythewholegreenmovement”—andthat’snotalittlegreenlie.12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenwashing?A.Itisharmfulfortheenvironment.B.Itisaspecialwaytowashsoastosavewater.C.Itisenvironment-friendlysoitshouldbeadvocated.D.Itisbeneficialforboththeconsumersandthecompanies.13.Whichmeasureshouldbeusedtotacklethegreenwashing?A.Holdinghearingstotellgenuineenvironmentalclaimsfromfalseones.BLaunchingtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitetoexposegreenwashing.C.Offeringalistof“sixsinsofgreenwashing”forcompanies’reference.D.UpdatingGreenGuideforconsumerswhichhasn’tchangedsince1998.14.WhichofthefollowingshowsNOsignofgreenwashing?A.Organicproductsbutwithoutanycertificates.B.Energy-efficientproductsmadeofharmfulmaterial.C.Foodwhichislowinnutritionbuthighincalorie.D.Pesticideswhicharesaidtobeenvironment-friendly.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theeffortonenvironmentalprotection.B.Theadvocationofgreenadvertisements.C.Thedistinctionbetweengreenproductsandcommonones.D.Thedistinctionbetweenrealenvironmentalclaimsandfalseones.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述很多产品存在环保作假现象，对产品的环保效益进行误导性营销，即“洗绿”，并介绍了一个解决“洗绿”的网站。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章内容及第三段中“Asgoinggreenhasbecomebigbusiness,environmentaladvocatesworrythattrulygreencompaniescouldgetlostinthesituation.(随着绿色环保成为一项大生意，环保人士担心，真正的绿色企业可能会在这种情况下迷失方向)”及第四段中“Greenwashingharmstheeffortweneedtobemaking.(‘洗绿’损害了我们需要做出的努力)”可知，“洗绿”是指打着环保的旗号对产品环保效益的误导性营销，对环境有害。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“They’velaunchedtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitethatallowsconsumerstopostadsthatmightbeexamplesofgreenwashingandratethemonascaleof1to5(他们推出了‘洗绿指数’网站，消费者可以在网站上发布可能是‘洗绿’例子的广告，并在1到5的范围内对这些广告进行评分)”可知，推出“洗绿指数”网站，揭露“洗绿”行为是解决“洗绿”问题的措施。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Manyconsumersmaynothaveheardthetermgreenwashing,butthey’vesurelyexperiencedit—misleadingmarketingabouttheenvironmentalbenefitsofaproduct.(许多消费者可能没有听说过‘洗绿’这个词，但他们肯定经历过——关于产品环保效益的误导性营销)”可知，“洗绿”是关于产品环保效益的误导性营销，A项“有机产品，但没有任何证书”、B项“由有害物质制成的节能产品”及D项“据说是环保的农药”均是“洗绿”，C项“低营养但高热量的食物”不含产品环保效益的相关信息，不属于“洗绿”。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“‘Wehavebettergreenproductsbutalotofexaggerated(夸张的)claims,’saysCase.‘Thatcouldbeenoughtodestroythewholegreenmovement’——andthat’snotalittlegreenlie.(Case说：‘我们有更好的绿色产品，但有很多夸大的说法。’‘这足以摧毁整个绿色运动’——这可不是环保的小谎言)”可知，文章主要讲述很多产品存在环保作假现象，对产品的环保效益进行误导性营销，即“洗绿”，并介绍了一个解决“洗绿”的网站。D项“真正的环保宣传和虚假宣传之间的区别”能够总结文章大意。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Alwayswearsunscreen.”“Eatabalanceddiet.”“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”Youprobablyalllearnedtheselessonsasakid.Butchancesare,despiteknowingthese,youstillsteppedoutsidewithoutputtingonsunscreen,gulpedanentirebagofchipsinonegoorspentmoremoneythanyouhadexpected.____16____It’samistakenideathatknowingishalfthebattle.Inmostsituations,justknowingsomethingisnotnearlyenoughforyoutoputitintopractice.____17____Behavioralscientistshaveseenpeoplestruggletosavemoney，tocutbackontheirexpenses,evenafterthey’vetakenafinancialclass.Peopleknowwhattheyneedtodotoimprovetheirfinancialsituation—tosavemoreandspendless.Theybelievethatfinancialsecurityisjustaproblemthatcanbetaughttosolve.____18____Americaspendsnearly700milliondollarseveryyearonfinancialeducationprograms,yetresearchershavefoundthattheseprogramsexplainedonly0.1%ofthechangeinfinancialbehavior.____19____Ifyouarestruggling,it’snotbecausethere’ssomethingwrongwithyou.It’smostlikelybecausethereissomethingwrongwithhowyourenvironmentissetup.Lookaroundyou.Thesignalstospendmoneyhavegotsmarterandfaster.____20____YoucanreshapeyourenvironmentandhowyouinteractwithitA.Howtoaddressthat?B.Butitisoftennotthecase.C.Sowhatisthereasonforit?D.Informationdoesn’talwayschangebehavior.E.Behaviorchangeisnoteducationalpursuitbutanenvironmentalone.F.Theyrefertofinancialeducationasawaythatcanmakemoneyforthem.G.Targetedadsaregettingmorepersonalized;everythingaroundyouisfocusingonspending.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.E20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过解释存钱和花钱的道理，谈论了理解理论和付诸实践之间的关系。【16题详解】下文“It’samistakenideathatknowingishalfthebattle.Inmostsituations,justknowingsomethingisnotnearlyenoughforyoutoputitintopractice.(认为知道就等于成功了一半的想法是错误的。在大多数情况下，仅仅知道一些事情是不足以让你付诸实践的)”对文章第一段谈到的问题进行了解释，即“为什么尽管听过道理，但却不会付诸实践”。故C项“原因是什么？”承上启下，符合文段结构。故填C项。【17题详解】下文“Behavioralscientistshaveseenpeoplestruggletosavemoney,tocutbackontheirexpenses,evenafterthey’vetakenafinancialclass.(行为科学家看到人们努力存钱，努力削减开支，即使他们已经上了金融课程)”和后文“Theybelievethatfinancialsecurityisjustaproblemthatcanbetaughttosolve.(他们认为财务安全只是一个可以通过学习来解决的问题)”可知，作者并不认为财务安全仅仅只是一个通过学习就能解决的问题，故D项“信息并不总能改变行为。”符合作者的态度，谈到了学习到的信息和人们的行为之间的关系。故填D项。【18题详解】后文“Americaspendsnearly700milliondollarseveryyearonfinancialeducationprograms,yetresearchershavefoundthattheseprogramsexplainedonly0.1%ofthechangeinfinancialbehavior.(美国每年在金融教育项目上花费近7亿美元，但研究人员发现，这些项目只能解释金融行为变化的0.1%)”转折，说明美国每年斥巨资并不能很好地解释金融行为变化，再次证明财务安全并不能光靠学习解决。故B项“但事实往往并非如此。”符合文段。故选B项。【19题详解】本句为本段起始句，下文“Ifyouarestruggling,it’snotbecausethere’ssomethingwrongwithyou.It’smostlikelybecausethereissomethingwrongwithhowyourenvironmentissetup.(如果你在挣扎，那并不是因为你有什么问题。这很可能是因为您的环境设置有问题)”提到关键词environment“环境”，故空处也需要提到此关键词。E项“行为改变不是教育追求，而是环境追求。”符合段意。故选E项。【20题详解】上文“Lookaroundyou.Thesignalstospendmoneyhavegotsmarterandfaster.(看看你周围。花钱的信号已经变得更加智能和快捷)”将文章从如何存钱转向花钱，故空处也需要与“花钱”有关，便于承接上文。G项“定向广告越来越个性化；你周围的一切都在关注消费。”符合段意。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhileworkingasagraduatestudentinChicago,AndriaZafirakouwasgiventhemuchexhaustingjobofcollectingsurveydatainEllisAve,aspartofanacademicresearchproject.____21____sheapproachedapasser-by,shethoughtshewouldhearthemtellherhowannoyedtheywere.Yetthebadresponses____22____came,manymorepeoplewere____23____toanswerthequestionnairesthanshehad____24____.Wasitpossible,shewondered,thatmostofusarewrongabout____25____peoplewanttorespondtoourrequests?Overthefollowingdecade,sheconductedmultiplestudiesthat____26____thiswasindeedthecase:undermanydifferent____27____,peopleareoftenfarmorelikelyto____28____thanweassume.____29____,itseemedthattheresultsprovidedarefreshingly____30____viewofhumannature.“Itstartedasapositivething—itis____31____toknowthatpeoplearemorelikelytodothingsforyouthanyouthink.”However,withtimegoingbyandmorereflectionsontheresults,Andriahascometo____32____thatherresultsreflectabroadertendencythatweusually____33____howmuchinfluenceourwordscanhave____34____others,whetherwe’reaskingthemto____35____actionsthataregoodorbad.Peopleoftenagreetodowhattheyareaskedbecausetheyfindittoo____36____tosayno,evenwhentheyfeeluncomfortablewithour____37____.Knowingthiscanhelpusunderstandhowourdemandsmight____38____otherpeople—particularlyintheworkplaceandhelpusadjustourrequestsaccordinglyinwaysthatrespectpeopled____39____andwithout____40____whattheyhavedoneforusforgranted.21.A.Overtime B.Innotime C.Eachtime D.Attimes22.A.often B.once C.rarely D.immediately23.A.reluctant B.ready C.anxious D.hesitant24.A.recognized B.requested C.promised D.expected25.A.if B.whether C.that D.how26.A.madefor B.markedout C.madeout D.madesure27.A.occasions B.situations C.circumstances D.cases28.A.ignore B.cooperate C.reject D.complain29.A.Onthesurface B.Onthewhole C.Onthecontrary D.Onthego30.A.neutral B.critical C.negative D.optimistic31.A.strange B.great C.disappointing D.normal32.A.deny B.doubt C.appreciate D.subscribe33.A.underestimate B.overstate C.distinguish D.misuse34.A.in B.with C.above D.on35.A.imitate B.practice C.measure D.perform36.A.awkward B.touched C.surprised D.amused37.A.suggestions B.requests C.quests D.order38.A.mislead B.impress C.infect D.affect39.A.defense B.assumptions C.boundaries D.rudeness40.A.ignoring B.taking C