二模阅读理解-隐晦的主旨目的题

浙江省绍兴高考第二次模考阅读理解易错拓展练习--阅读理解中隐晦的主旨目的题Every40daysalanguagedies.This“catastrophic”lossisbeingintensifiedbytheclimatecrisis;accordingtolinguists.Ifnothingisdone,conservativeestimatessuggestthathalfofallthe7000languagescurrentlyspokenwillbeextinctbytheendofthecentury.Speakersofminoritylanguageshaveexperiencedalonghistoryofpersecution(迫害),withtheresultthatbythe1920shalfofallindigenous(土著的)languagesinAustralia,theUS,SouthAfricaandArgentinawereextinct.Theclimatecrisisisnowconsideredthe“finalnailinthecoffin”formanyindigenouslanguagesandtheknowledgetheyrepresent.“Languagesarealreadyendangered,”saysAnastasiaRichl,directoroftheStrathylanguageunitatQueen'sUniversityinKingston,Ontario.Hugefactorsareglobalizationandmigration,ascommunitiesmovetoregionswheretheirlanguageisnotspokenorvalued,accordingtoRichl.“Itseemsparticularlycruel,”shesays,“thatmostoftheworld'slanguagesareinpartsoftheworldthataregrowingunpleasanttopeople.“Vanuatu,aSouthPacificislandnationmeasuring12,189km,has110languages,thehighestdensity(密度)oflanguagesontheplanet.Itisalsooneofthecountriesmostatriskofsealevelrise,shesays.“Manysmalllanguagecommunitiesareonislandsandcoastlineseasilysubjecttohurricanesandsealevelrise.”Othersliveonlandswhererisingtemperaturethreatenstraditionalfarmingandfishingpractices,leadingtomigration. Inresponsetothecrisis,theUNlaunchedtheInternationalDecadeofIndigenousLanguagesin2022.Promotingandconservinglanguagesofindigenouscommunitiesis“notonlyimportantforthem,butforallhumanity”,saidCsabaKorosi,theUNgeneralassemblypresident,urgingcountriestoallowaccesstoeducationinindigenouslanguages.【小题1】WhyisVanuatumentionedinparagraph3? A.Toexplainthemainreasonforlanguagedensity.

B.Toshowthecommonfeaturesofendangeredlanguages. C.Tostresstheimpactofgeographicalpositiononmigration. D.Toillustratethesituationofminoritylanguagecommunities.Youknowexerciseisheartsmartandgoodforyou.Butdoyoureallyknowhowmuchphysicalactivityyou'regetting?Studiesshowthatusingafitnesstracker--adevicethattracksyourmovement-canincreaseyourstepsperdaybymorethanamile.“Fitnesstrackersareagreattoolforhearthealth,”sayscardiologist(心脏病医生)SethMartin.“Beingmoreactiveandchangingyourhabitsisimportantbutdifficult.Trackinglikelyhelpspeoplewhencombinedwithacleargoaltoshootfor.”Havinganobjectivedailyrecordcanopenpeople'seyestohowlittleexercisethey'regetting,Martinsays,whichcanrecalibratetheirmindset(心态)andgetmotivated.Peoplefindwaystoincorporate(融入)moreactivitiesintotheirday,walkingduringmeetings,orsimplytakingthestairsinsteadofanelevator.“Fitnesstrackinggivespeopleinformationandenablesthemtostartmakingchangesforhearthealth,”Martinsays.Tryafewtrackersuntilyoufindonethat'scomfortableforyouandyourbudget.Martinsuggests,“Onceyou'vemadeamatch,youcantrythenextsteps:Usethetrackerconsistentlyeveryday.Setagoalandthenfindactivitiesyouenjoythatalsofitintoyourdailylifeandcanbesustainedoverthelongterm.Finally,encouragefriendsandfamilytousetrackersaswell.Itcancreateasocialsupportnetworkandevenfosterasenseofcompetition.Followthesetips,andyou'llbeonyourwaytoahealthierlifestyleandahealthierheart.”Sobeready,asdoctorslearnandintroduceevenbetterwaystousethesedevices.Inarandomizedclinicaltrial,Martinandhiscolleaguestestedanautomated,real-time,personalizedprogramthatsentcoachingtextmessagestocardiologypatientsbasedondatafromawearabledevicepairedwiththeirphone.Overtheshortterm,thiscoachingsystemhelpedincreasestepcountsbyoveramileadaybeyondtrackingalone.“Ithinktechnologycanbeaverypowerfultooltogetpeoplemovingmore,”saysMartin.【小题2】Accordingtoparagraphs1-2,whatdopeoplefailtodowhenexercising?Integratemovementintowork. B.Maintainadailyexerciseschedule.C.Kickimproperhabitsofexercising. D.Monitortheamountofphysicalactivity.

Thepublicnowadayshasamisunderstandingofforestfires,believingthatfiresshouldbekeptoutofeverytypeofforest.ManyofuscanrecallSmokytheBear'sfamouswarning:“Remember,onlyYOUcanpreventforestfires”.However,that'snotalwaysthecase.Undertherightconditions,andwhenconductedsafely,firecancreatemanyenvironmentalbenefitsaswellashelppreventlarger,uncontrollablewildfires.Afteraforestfire,manywildlifespecieswillmoveintorecentlyburnedareastofeedonthesenewlyavailablefoods.Somereptilesandamphibianssuchasthepine(松树)snakepreferforestsfrequentlyburnedbyfire.AsHerbertStoddardputit,“Oneofthemostharmfulthingsmodernmanhasdonetobirdshasbeenhisattempttoexcludefirefromfire-typepineforests.Withinafewyearsmostforestschokeupwithbushes,losetheirprairie-likevegetation(草原般植被)andcannolongersupportbirdsdependentonperiodicburningfortheirfoodsupplyandpropercover.”Ifyouareaskedtopicturetheforestfloor,whatdoyousee?Pineneedles,cones,leaves,branchesmightcometomind-allsourcesoffuel.Ifthesefuelsourcesbuildupwithoutanytypeofremoval,the'fuelload'canleadtofirescatastrophictoforestsandpeoplealike.Incontrast,prescribedfirecanbeusedbyforestprofessionalseverycoupleofyearstokeepforestfuelsatanappropriateandmanageablelevel.Theycanalsominimizethespreadofpestinsectsanddiseaseandremoveunwantedtreeandplantspecies.Plus,theycancreateandmaintainimportantwildlifehabitatsrichingrassesandpromotethegrowthoftrees,wildflowersandothervariousplants.Manyorganizationsandagenciesworktopromotefireonthelandscapewhenandwhereappropriate.SmokeyBearevenhasanupdatedwarning:“OnlyYoucanPreventWildfires,”astheForestServicehasoverthelastfewdecadesdevelopedpoliciesandprocedurestoincludeprescribedfireasamanagementtool,aswellascontinuingtheirworktopreventandfightwildfires.【小题3】WhydidtheauthormentionSmokytheBear'swarning?A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage. B.Toclarifyamisunderstoodconcept.C.Toshowthesignificanceoffireprevention. D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofforestprotection.Morethanoneinfivespeciesofmapletreesfacesextinction,ashockingnewreporthasrevealed.Thetreesareexperiencingavastdeclineinhabitat,duetourbandevelopment,timber(木对木)

harvesting,andagriculturalexpansion.''Timeisrunningoutfortheworld'sbiodiversity,”said

DouglasJustice,associatedirectorattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaBotanicalGarden."Every

recentsurveyofplants

and

animals

in

the

wild

pointstothis."Hecontinued,“This

is

happeningnearlyeverywherethatrarermaples

exist.Andbecauseofclimatechange,

thenarrow

habitats

thatsupportspeciesatthetopsofmountainsarequicklydisappearing."Thetreescanbefoundinsub-tropicalandtropical(赤道的)regions,asfarsouthasIndonesia.TheonlyspeciesfoundintheUK,thefieldmapleisnotunderthreat.Notonlyarethetreesapopular

ornamental

(装饰的)featureinparksandpublicspaces,butalsotheyareakeypartofthenatural

ecosysteminwoodlands,aswellasbeinganimportanttimbercropinseveralcountries.Chinaishometothelargestproportion(比例)ofmapleswith92species.Ithasseenanumberoftreesbecomeendangeredduetourbanexpansion.Some14ofthe23mapletreesatriskof

extinctioninthecountryareonlyfoundinChinaandhavesmallpopulationsandlimitedgeographical

ranges.

“Westillhaveanopportunitytosavespeciesfromdisappearance,butitwilltakeexpertise,

resourcesandthecooperativeeffortsbytheworld'sbotanicalgardenstomakeitwork,"Justiceadded.OnespeciesinMexico,theAcerbinzayedii,isin"desperateneedofconversation"despiteonlybeingdiscoveredin2017."Itisatriskfromclimatechangeinitscloudforesthabitatandthreatened

bygrazing,logging,andforestfires,thereportadds.Thereportrecommendsdeveloping

conversationplans,monitoringspeciescurrentlynotatrisktoensurepopulationsaremaintained

(保

持),andaddingthosemissingmaplespeciestoseedbanksandthelike.BGCI(BotanicGardensConversationInternational)isnowestablishingaconversationprogramtoaddresstheconservationneedsofmaplespecies.Maplespecialistswillworktogethertodevelop

comprehensivestrategiestomanageanddeliverconservationactionpointsforthespecies.【小题4】Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsintendedtotellus?A.Thereisnoguaranteeofmaintainingthetreepopulations.B.Itcanneverbetoolatetojoinhandstoprotectthespecies.C.Allmapletreesofthespeciesareontheedgeofextinction.D.

Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoconservemapletrees.Forgetpopstarswithmake-upandthelatestrealityTVshowcontestants;themosteye-catchingstarinChinarightnowisayoungTibetanherdsmanwhohascapturedmillionsofpeople'sheartswithhisruggedly(粗犷地)handsomeappearance.Hisdark-coloredskin,bigeyes,longeyelashesandthickbutmessyhairhaveprovedwinningfeaturesforDingzhen,a20-year-oldnativeofaremotecountyinSichuanprovince,afterashortvideoofhimreleasedlastNovemberwentviralonsocialmediaplatformTikTok.“Howcansuchaman,wildbutpure,existintheworld?Iimmediatelyfellinlovewithhim,”oneTikTokuserwrote.“I'veseenthisvideotensoftimes,”wroteanotheruser,“Hiseyesarefullofstarsandareaspureastheblueskybehindhim.”Sickofmaleentertainmentstarsdelicatelooksandheavyuseofmake-up,manyChinesenetizensareattractedbythisTibetanvillager'sruggedstyle.Inthevideo,whichhasgatheredover2.7millionlikesand135,000comments,mostofwhichexpressfondnessforDingzhen,heisseenwalkinginfrontofhishomeontheTibetanPlateauandsmilingshylytowardsthecamera.Dingzhenshottofamequitebyaccident.ThevideowasshotbyalocalcameramanwhowenttohishometotakepicturesofDingzhen'sfatherorbrotherforanexhibitiontointroducetheregion.Neitherhisfatherandbrotherwereathome,soDingzhenwasshotinstead.Thecounty'sauthoritiesquicklysensedtheopportunitybroughtbythisnewonlinecelebrity.Onestate-ownedcompanyhiredDingzhen,offeringhimajobas“culturalambassador”paying3,500yuanamonthwithotherbenefitsincludinginsuranceandahousingfund.GaoXiaoping,vicegeneralmanagerofthecompany,saidtheyhoped“morepeoplewillknowaboutLitangthroughDingzhen”.【小题5】Whydidtheauthormentionpopstarsorentertainmentstarsinthetext?A.ToshowDingzhen'sinfluenceonpopstars. B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofopportunity.C.ToexplainthereasonsforDingzhen'popularity. D.Torevealanewtendencyinentertainmentprograms.Ifyoucutinline,youmightjustbeabadperson.Thequeueisaregulationwherethereward(theice-creamstand/diningroom/ticketbooth)isearnedthroughpatience.Yourchoicetoavoidthistime-honoredprocesswillbeboundtodrawtheangerofthoseyoupassby,drawingremarkslike“Whoathere,Chief,”thepassive-aggressive“There'saline,youknow!”andofcourse,theincrediblycommon“Hey,Copernicus,whydon'tyouguideyourselftothebackoftheline?”But,inthemomentinwhichyoureallycannotwait,forexample,theentireroyalfamilyhaspreparedadinnerpartyuponyoulastminute,thenthereisawaytocutthelinecorrectly.Thereareafewdifferentwaystoconsiderandafewdifferentmethodstoemploy.Theregularityofthesituationisveryimportant.Ifyou'rewaitingtousethephotocopieratwork,youmightbemorelikelytomanageasuccessfulcutthanifyouwerewaitingforalifeboatontheTitanic.Sure,thatmightbeanextremeexample.Buttheimportanceoftheeventdoesmatter.Forthoserequestsinnormalsituations,emphasizingeithertheurgencyofyourtaskorthesimplicityofyourtaskprovedtobeeffective:experimenterswhosaid“Excuseme,Ihavefivepages.MayIusethephotocopier?”hadacutrateof60percentandexperimenterswhosaid“MayIusethephotocopierbecauseIneedtomakecopies?”sawasuccessrateof90percentwhenqueuingforthecopymachine.Ifyouhaveacoupleofextradollarslyingaround,bribingmembersofthelinealsoprovedtobeeffective.Andmostofthetime,thepersonbeingbribeddidn'tendupacceptingthemoney,becauseeventheoffershowedthatthebriberhadasenseofdesperation.【小题6】WhydoestheauthorusetheremarksaboutChiefandCopernicusinparagraph1?A.Toillustratethereactionfrommembersinline. B.Toencouragethosewhowanttocutinline.C.Topraisethebehaviorofcuttinginline. D.Toprovideadvicewhichhelpscutinline.Afteralifetimeworkingbehindthescene,celebrityphotographerDavidSteendecidedtoturnthespotlightonhimself.Hewantedtocreatearecordofhislifeandsohecalledupontheservicesofauto-biographycompany,LifeBook.Workingcloselywiththem,hewasabletobringtogetherawonderfulcollectionofstories.TheresultwasLuckyBoy,aninterestingwrittenportraitthathecouldsharewithhischildrenandgrandchildren. Steen'scareerbeganwhenhestartedworkingasanofficeboyforthemagazinePicturePostin1951.Toaboybroughtupinacrowdedflat,hehadenteredaworldthatseemedimpossiblyfruitful.The15-year-oldDavidwastakenunderthewingoftherenownedBertHardy,themagazine'schiefphotographer.Steenrecallsinhisautobiography,“Iwouldgoonlotsofjobswithhimashisassistant.IcleanedhiscamerasandIdrovehimeverywhere.”Eventually,hiseffortpaidoff.ThemagazinesenthimonhisfirstforeigndirectorinParis. HisprofessionalcareerenrichedhisLifebook.“Irememberphotographingalittleboyinaslum”,Steenwrote. However,somedayswouldbespentinthesplendidworldofthefamous.Undoubtedly,henaturallyhadaneyeforagoodpictureandwasneveronetomissanopportunity.Ononeoccasion,SteenwasonanassignmentinRio.Whenatthehotelbar,hefoundhimselfstandingnexttoGreatTrainRobberRonnieBiggs.“Westartedchatting.Bytheendoftheevening,Ihadpersuadedhimtoletmephotographhimonarailwayline.”Afterseeingafriend'sLifeBookSteenmadethedecisiontofollowsuit.Hedidn'tsayawordtohisfamilybecausehewantedthebooktobeasurpriseforthem,somuchsothatwhenhepresentedthebookstohisfamilyonChristmasDay,everyonewasamazedanddelighted.【小题7】WhyaretheboyinaslumandtherobberRonnieBiggsmentionedinPara.3?A.TheyreflectDavidhadagreatprofessionalsense.B.Theyprovepovertyandrobberygohandinhand.C.TheyconcludehowDavid'scareerbegantotakeoff.D.TheyshowthatDavidhadsympathyforpoorchildrenandhatedRobbers Afewyearsago,Istartedtonoticebigshiftsinteens'behavior.Around2014,teensstartedtospendtheirtimemuchdifferentlyfromthegenerationsbefore.Theseteensandyoungadultsallhaveonethingincommon:Theirchildhoodoradolescencecoincidedwiththeriseofthesmartphone.Forthisreason,IcallthemiGeneration. WhatmakesiGendifferent?Growingupwithasmartphonehasaffectednearlyeveryaspectoftheirlives.TheyspendsomuchtimeontheInternet,textingfriendsandonsocialmediathattheyhavelessleisuretimeforeverythingelse.Whetherit'sgoingtoparties,shoppingatthemall,orwatchingmovies,iGenteensareparticipatinginthesesocialactivitiesatasignificantlylowrate. Someparentsmightworryabouttheirteensspendingsomuchtimeontheirphonesbecauseitdiffersfromthewaytheyspenttheirownadolescence.Butitisnotjustdifferent—inmanyways,it'sactuallyworse.Spendinglesstimewithfriendsmeanslesstimetodevelopsocialskills.A2016studyfoundthatsixthgraderswhospentjustfivedaysatacampwithoutusingscreensendedthetimebetteratreadingemotionsonothers'faces,suggestingthatiGen'sscreen-filledlivesmightcausetheirsocialskillstoshrink. Inaddition,intheannualMonitoringtheFuturesurvey,thepercentageofiGenteenswhoreadanonrequiredbookeverydaydroppedfrom60percentin1980toonly16percentin2016.Perhapsasaresult,averageSATcriticalreadingscoreshavedropped14pointssince2010.iGenshowsanotherbreakwiththepreviousgenerations:Depression,anxiety,andlonelinesshaveshotupwardwithhappinessdeclining.Theteensuiciderateincreasedbymorethan50percent,asdidthenumberofteenswithclinical-leveldepression. Parentsusedtoworryabouttheirteensspendingtoomuchtimewiththeirfriends—theywereadistraction,abadinfluence,awasteoftime.ButitmightbejustwhatiGenneedsnow.【小题8】Whyisthe“annualMonitoringtheFuturesurvey”mentionedinparagraph4?A.Tostresstheimportanceofreadingtherequiredbooks.B.ToexplainthereasonwhyiGenerationreadsless.C.TointroducethereadingsituationofiGeneration.D.ToshowtheinfluenceofreadingoniGenteenagers'mentalhealth. Indian-originAnvithaVijayhasgivenanewmeaningtothephrase“ageisjustanumber”;shehasprovedthatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience. Vijay,wholiveswithherparentsinMelbourne,Australia,attheageofsevenrealizedthatherpiggybankdidnothaveenoughmoneytohireadevelopertomakeheranapp,soshedecidedtoteachherselfhowtocode.WiththehelpofYoutubevideos,theyoungtechielearnedtocode.Foroneentireyear,shewatchedmultiplecodingtutorialsonthewebandbecameaprogrammerherself. Vijay'sinspirationfordevelopingtheappswasherlittlesister,whowasstilllearningtotalk.Therefore,Vijaydevelopedaneducationalappforchildrenthatwerehersister'sage.Theappusesabout100soundsandflashcardsofdifferentanimalsthathelpchildrenlearnandidentify.Later,VijaydevelopedasimilariOSappforchildrentoidentifyandlearncolors. Anvitha'sskillswonherascholarshiptoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFrancisco,California.There,shegottipsfromthepros.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding. Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.ThisonecalledGoalsHi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoals,suchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano,Anvithasaystherewardsarelikegettingastickerforajobwelldone. Anvitha'sgoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butwhat'sevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids'hands.“Themoretrainingwegetintechatanearlyage,”shesays,“thebetterchancewehaveofbecomingcreativitychampionswhowillonedaychangetheworld.”【小题9】WhatisAnvitha'smajorpurposeofcontinuingcreatingtechnology?A.Tohelpkidslearnwhilehavingfun. B.Toenablekidstogettrainingatanearlyage.C.Toprovechildren'sabilityofadvancingtechnology. D.Tohelplittlechildrenlikehersisterlearnandidentify. Cropdiversity(多样性)isimportanttofeedtheincreasingpopulationofourplanet.Agriculturalexpertssayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalsohelpsto