中考英语专题-阅读理解讲练课件

阅读理解主讲：

高老师（Ruby)目录1.六种错误选项2.四种题型解读3.做题方法技巧

阅读理解6大技巧1.无中生有2.望文生义3.张冠李戴4.过于绝对5.颠倒黑白6.以偏概全

1.无中生有1）凭空捏造，无法找到来源和依据，所“造”内容通常与文章所谈论的问题相关，看上去很符合提出的问题。2）选项来源于生活常识，是大家平时认可的观点，有“亲切感”，但文章中根本没有谈及干扰项内容。Whyiscleanwatersoimportanttodevelopingcountries?Arecentreportshowsthatabout80percentofdiseasesindevelopingcountriesarecausedbypoorwaterandlowsanitation（卫生）conditions.Inthosecountries,womenandgirlsspendseveralhourscollectingwater,butoftenpolluted,farawayfromtheirfamilies.Thepollutedwatermoreorlessinfluencestheirhealth.Inthiscase,thereisanurgent（迫切的）needforpeopleindevelopingcountriestohaveaccessto（有机会或权利使用）cleanwatertoimprovetheirhealth.Thekeytoimprovingpeople’shealthindevelopingcountriesis_______.A．togetcleanwater B．toexerciseoften C．torefusedrugs2.断章取义1）以原文为根据，但又偏离或曲解原文。2）对原文进行同义转换或解释的过程中，改变一些词汇或表达方式。3）在原句不起眼的地方，换其他词汇，偷换该概念。4）去掉原句某个重要信息，导致信息不完整。5）对文章个别字眼、信息借题发挥，主观臆断。Doyoulikedancing?Doyouthinkdancingisdifficult?Breakdancingisaverydifficultkindofdancing.PeopledancetoHip-Hopmusic.Breakdancershavetobeverystrongandfast.Breakdancingstartedinthe1980satthesametimeasHip-Hop.Atfirst,breakdancingwaslikefighting.Breakdancershad"battles".Eachbreakdancerdidhisbesttodanceinthecontest.Thenthepeoplewhowerewatchingdecidedwhichbreakdancerwasthebest.Thewinnerdidn'tgetanymoney,buttheydidn'tcare.Dancersjustwantedtobethebestbreakdancerontheirstreet.54.Whichofthefollowingistherightaboutbreak-dancing?A.It’seasytolearn.B.Break-dancerslikefightingC.Hip-Hopmusicisagoodchoiceforbreak-dancers.Scientistshavebeentryingtomakesoftandfriendlyrobots,likeDisney’sBaymax,foryears.Andtheyhavefinallydoneit…Octobotisalsothefirstsoftrobotthatcontrolsitselfwithoutbatteriesorwires,accordingtoitsresearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUS.Thehopeisthatoneday,softrobotslikethiswillhelphumansdodifficultmedicalsurgeryandsavelivesinemergencieslikeearthquakesandstorms.Theoctobotgetspowerfromachemicalreaction.57.Accordingtothestory,theoctobot

_______A.usesbatteriesandwiresB.helpsindifficultmedicalsurgeryC.worksthroughchemicalreaction3.张冠李戴通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况，考生可能只看到了文中出现过的字词，却没有注意到选项是否针对提出的问题作出回答，是否符合题目的要求，造成误选。RichardfromtheUSA:Mydreamschoolwouldhaveabigswimmingpoolandtwosoccerfields.Itwouldalsohaveacinema,agymandaShoppingcentre.Myschoolhasnoneofthese,andIthinkthereshouldbemorepleasantthingsforstudentstodowhiletheyarestudying.SoniafromItaly:I’dlikearoomwherewecanrelaxandplaycomputergames.I’dalsoliketohaveamusicroom.Ithinkthereshouldbeaplaceforeveryonetogoandrelaxafterclass.46．Therewouldbe_______inRichard’sdreamschool.A.abigswimmingpoolandamusicroomB.aroomtorelaxandplaycomputergamesC.abigswimmingpool,twosoccerfields,acinema,agym,andashoppingcentre

4.过于绝对

all/never/only/always（一切都不是绝对的，只是相对的）

However,thistrend（趋势）alsocausesproblems.Somelazystudentsjustcopytheanswersonlinewithoutthinking.Evensomeasktheirclassmatestodohomeworkforthem.Andtheirteachersdon’tknowthefact.53.WhichproblemisNOTmentionedinParagraph5?A.somestudentsonlycopytheanswersonline.B.somecheattheirteachersbyaskingtheirclassmatestodohomeworkforthem.C.NobodyisabletofinishtheirhomeworknowwithouttheInternet.5.颠倒黑白Anyhow,knowinghowtousetheInternetisimportant.Thekeyistohavegoodself-control.Whenyoucomeacross(遇到)adifficultproblem,thinkaboutitbyyourselffirst.BesuretounderstandthereasonsbehindtheanswersafteryouhaveturnedtotheInternet,oryouwon’tmakeprogress.Ifyouarenotsureaboutyourself-control,askyourparentsforhelp.55.Inthispassagethewriterwantstotellusthat_____.A.theInternetcanbeagoodhelperifweuseitproperly.B.theInternethasmadeallthestudentslazy.C.it’snotnecessarytolearntousetheInternet.

6.以偏概全Washyourhands.Youneedtowashyourhandswithsoapandhotwaterbeforeyoueat,afteryouusethetoilet,andafteryoutouchanimals,becauseyourhandsmaycarryviruses.Coveryournoseandmouth.Whensomeonesneezesorcoughs,fluvirusescantravelasfarasonemeterthroughtheair,soyou’dbetterstandaproperdistancewhiletalkingtosomeonewhohasacold.Andalwayscoveryourmouthandnosewithapieceofpaperwhenyousneezeorcough,andthencleanyourhands.Wearamask(口罩).Somedoctorssaythatmaskscanstopthefluasmuchas80%,butifyoudon’twashyourhandsoften,it’snousewearingamask.Andit’snecessarytowearthemaskinthegroupsofpeople.55．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Ittellsushowtowashhands.B．Ittellsuswhyweshouldusemasks.C．ItgivesussomeadviceonhowtoprotectourselveswhentheH7N9viruscomes.2.四种题型类别1.非细节题：主旨大意

2.细节题：事实细节、推理判断、词义猜测一、主旨大意题常见提问：1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?3)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?

主旨位置：首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中

However,thistrend（趋势）alsocausesproblems.Somelazystudentsjustcopytheanswersonlinewithoutthinking.Evensomeasktheirclassmatestodohomeworkforthem.Andtheirteachersdon’tknowthefact.Anyhow,knowinghowtousetheInternetisimportant.Thekeyistohavegoodself-control.Whenyoucomeacrossadifficultproblem,thinkaboutitbyyourselffirst.BesuretounderstandthereasonsbehindtheanswersafteryouhaveturnedtotheInternet,oryouwon’tmakeprogress.Ifyouarenotsureaboutyourself-control,askyourparentsforhelp.55.Inthispassagethewriterwantstotellusthat_____.A.theInternetcanbeagoodhelperifweuseitproperly.B.theInternethasmadeallthestudentslazy.C.it’snotnecessarytolearntousetheInternet.二、事实细节解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。特点：所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。

提问的疑问词：what,who,which,where,how,why等。

命题方式：1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,which,etc.)___?三、猜测词义(一)根据生活常识猜测词义Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad'scarisbiggerthanyourDad's，”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means____A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚(二)根据上下文的意思来猜测1）Somepeopleliketowalkquicklyhomeafterwork，butIprefertostrollhomeandlookatthestorewindowsalongtheway.

2）Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses，buttodayshearrivesquitelate.

(三)根据逻辑关系猜测词义借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore，although，but等等)表示前因后果。例如：

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.

(四)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词1.通过同义词猜词1）看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay.2）看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.2.通过反义词猜词1）看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;2）看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.(五)通过构词法猜词掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，可以扩充词汇量。如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等;后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等;后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词;如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci-ence、scientist，art、artist等。(六)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.(七)通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.（八）代词替代法中考英语阅读理解非常注重对人称代词it,they,she等和指示代词this,that,those,these等意义的考查。

1）分析人称变化的来龙去脉2）所在的句子和前后邻近的句子

Thousandsofeoplehavebeenkilledatwar.Anditbringsmuchtroubletotheworld.四、推理判断以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文未明显说的现像事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassag