初中英语陈述句讲解

陈述句

概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。

2、

分类：

陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句

（1）“主语+谓语”结构

①

肯定陈述句

I

like

that

book.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实）

I

really

agree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点）

②

否定陈述句

I

did

not

buy

the

TV.我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）

请注意它们其中一个是带有宾语的，一个是不带宾语的。这两个例子的共同特点是都有一个主语和一个谓语，都是陈述肯定的事实或观点

。

（2）主语+连系动词+表语结构

①

肯定陈述名

The

film

is

boring

.

这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）

②

否定陈述句

Smoking

is

not

good

for

your

health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）

3、

陈述句的否定结构：

陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：

（1）句子的谓语动词为be

,

have

或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：

主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词

+

not

+

其他成分

I

am

not

a

teacher.

我不是老师。

We

have

not

(haven`t)

any

books

on

animals.

我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。

The

children

are

not

(aren`t)

playing

in

the

playground.

孩子们没在操场上玩。

He

will

not

(won`t)

come.

他不会来。

We

must

not

(mustn`t)

forget

the

past.

我们不能忘记过去。

It

could

not

(couldn`t)

be

lost.

它不可能丢的。

当句子的谓语动词是do

(即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do

(does,did)

+

not

+

动词原形

+

其他成分

You

do

not

(don`t)

come

here

every

day

.

你没有每天都来这里。

He

does

not

(doesn`t)

teach

this

class

.

他不教这个班。

They

did

not(didn`t)

watch

TV

last

night

.

昨晚他们没看电视。

注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。

You

really

want

to

go

to

Hong

Kong

?

你真的想去香港吗？

这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的疑问句疑问句可再分为一般疑问和特殊疑问两种。

1.一般疑问：用be或助动词或情态动词置于句首，并以“Yes，„”，或“No，„”或相当于yes

/

no回答的问句称为一般疑问句.

2.

含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

具体地说,am

只能跟在第一人称的单数

I

后面,are

搭配

you,

不管是单数还是复数,is

跟在第三人称单数

he,

she

后面,be

动词的基本意思：是

如：

I'm

in

Class

2,

Grade

1.

→Are

you

in

Class

2,

Grade

1?

你是在一年级二班吗?(如遇第一人称，最好将其置换成第二人称)

It's

a

map

of

China.

→Is

it

a

map

of

China?

这是一幅中国地图吗？

be

或

have（有）置于句首来表达疑问，例：

Is

it

your

bicycle?

（这辆自行车是你的吗？）

Yes,

it

is.

（是的，是我的。）

Have

you

money

with

you?

（你身上带钱了吗？）

（=Do

you

have

money

with

you?）

Yes,

I

have.（Yes,

I

do.）（有，我带钱了。）

3.

含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

一般疑问句面前人人平等：情态动词与am

/

is

/

are一样，也可直接将它们提至主语前，所以问题迎刃而解了。如：

I

can

spell

it.

→Can

you

spell

it?

你会拼写它吗？

4.

含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究，要在句首加do；如逢主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式

"v-(e)s"时，用does,并要将谓语动词变回原形(如has→have，likes→like等)；有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如：

She

lives

in

Beijing.→Does

she

live

in

Beijing?

她住在北京吗？

I

like

English.

→Do

you

like

English?

你喜欢英语吗？

There

are

some

books

on

my

desk.→Are

there

any

books

on

your

desk?

Do

you

speak

Japanese?

（你会说日语吗？）

Yes,

I

do.（是的，我会说。）

No,

I

don’t.（不，我不会说。）

7.

一般疑问句的应答

用yes

/

no(或相当于yes

/

no的词)回答，并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词/am

/

is

/

are还是do

/does)如：

①

-Is

Mary

a

Japanese

girl?

玛丽是日本女孩吗？

-Yes,

she

is.

/

No,

she

isn't.

是的，她是。/不，她不是。

②

-Can

Lily

speak

Chinese?

莉莉会说中国话吗？

-No,

she

can't.

/

Sorry,

I

don't

know.

不，她不会。/对不起，我不知道。

II.

特殊疑问句1.

定义以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问

/

进行发问,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no,的句子叫特殊疑问句。

特殊疑问词

what，

where，

which，

what

class，

what

time，

what

number；

who,

whom,

whose,how，how

many，

how

old，

how

much等。

3.

特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成：

What's

this

in

English?

这个用英语怎么讲？

5.

对特殊疑问句的答复小扫描

疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如：

What

is

this?

（what作表语）这是什么？

what

color

is

it

?

什么颜色?

(

)12.(2016·安顺)

He

can

hardly

stay

awake

because

he

is

so

tired,

?

A.

is

he

B.

isn't

he

C.

can't

he

D.

can

he

(

)13.

(2016·铜仁)

—Is

the

girl

in

red

your

friend?

—

.

She

is

learning

Chinese

now.

A.

Yes,

it

is

B.

Yes,

he

is

C.

Yes,

she

is

D.

Yes,

she

does

(

)14.

(2016.上海)

—

Disney

amusement

parks

are

there

in

China?

—Two.

A.

How

many

B.

How

often

C.

How

soon

D.

How

long

(

)15.

(2016·宿迁)

The

structure

of

the

sentence

“The

students

visited

the

museum”

is

.

A.

S+

V

B.

S+V+DO

C.

S+V+IO+DO

D.

S+

V+DO+OC

(

)16.(2016·兰州)I

you

can

finish

the

exam

in

two

hours.

A.

does

believe

B.

do

believe

C.

did

believed

D.

do

believed

(

)17.

(2016·郴州)

—I

feel

upset

because

I

am

too

heavy.

—

do

more

exercise

to

lose

some

weight?

A.

Why

don't

B.

Why

not

C.

Why

not

to

(

)18.

(2016·兰州)

—

will

Mr.

Brown

be

back?

—In

an

hour.

A.

How

long

B.

How

often

C.

How

soon

D.

How

much

(

)19.

(2016·襄阳)

—

are

the

students

in

your

class?

—Most

of

them

are

only

fourteen.

A.

How

long

B.

How

old

C.

How

many

D.

How

often

(

)20.

(2016·威海)

—

will

you

stay

in

England?

—More

than

a

month.

A.

When

B.

How

soon

C.

How

long

(

)21.

(2016·武汉)

—What's

the

matter,

Jenny?

—

something

wrong

with

my

bike.

A.

It

is

B.

There

is

C.

I

have

D.

It

has

(

)22.

(2016·菏泽)

—

teachers

will

you

miss

the

most

after

junior

high

school,

Lisa?

—Ms.

Lee

and

Mr.

Hunt.

A.

Whose

B.

Which

C.

What

(

)23.

(2016·南充)

—Is

there

a

watermelon

on

the

table?

—

.

A.

Yes,

there

is

B.

Yes,

it

is

C.

No,

there

is

D.

No,

it

isn't

(

)24.

(2016·黄石)

—Hey,

Jane.

are

you

feeling

now?—Much

better.

Thanks.

A.

What

B.

Where

C.

How

D.

When

(

)25.

(2016.永州)

David

never

fights

with

his

classmates,

?

A.

doe;

he

B.

doesn't

he

C.

isn't

he

(

)26.

(2016·天水)

—You

didn't

find

the

owner

of

the

books,

did

you?

—

.

So

I

gave

them

to

our

teacher.

A.

No,

I

did

B.

Yes,

1

didn't

C.

No,

I

didn't

D.

Yes,

1

did

(

)27.

(

2016·龙东五市)

Lets

go

to

Disneyland

in

Shanghai

in

August,

?

A.

shall

we

B.

will

you

C.

won't

you

(

)28.(2016·济南)

—Bill,

does

your

sister

have

brown

hair

or

red

hair?

—

.

She

takes

after

my

mother.

A.

Yes,

she

does

B.

No.

she

doesn't

C.

Brown

hair

D.

I

don't

know

(

)29.(2016·宿迁)

—

is

it

from

Suqian

to

Jiuzhai

Valley?

—About

1,200

kilometers

away.

But

I'm

not

sure.

A.

How

often

C.

How

long

B.

How

soon

D.

How

far

(