高中英语语法大全

中学英语语法大全一、词类和句子成分1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的依次。如：5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。是一种表示反射或强调的代词。第一人称单数其次称单第三人称单数第一人称复数其次人称复数第三人称复数男女物体myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、句子成分：8种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担当。如：I’mSarah.2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担当。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担当。如：Sheisbeautiful.4、宾语表示与物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担当。如：Hecanspelltheword.有些与物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫干脆宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：Hewrotemealetter.5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担当。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、缘由，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担当。如：Heisstandingintheclassroom.7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的状况。如：MaYun,agreatbusinessman,createdTaobaoCompany.二、简洁句1、简洁句的特点：简洁句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。简洁句五大句型主谓：-Isleep.-Inyouth,welearn.2）主谓宾：-Ilovebooks.3）主谓+双宾：-Marygivemeanapple.-干脆宾语是指与谓语动词干脆发生联系的名词通常是物-间接宾语是动作所指向的方向通常是人givesbsth(sb是间宾sth是直宾)=givesthtosbcooksbsth(sb是间宾sth是直宾)=cooksthforsb4)主+谓+宾+宾补-Ifoundthebookeasy.-Hemakesmecry.宾语补足语指在英语中有些与物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还须要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。能够充当宾补的：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语。Ihelphimtolearn.IsawMarysinging.Ifindthebookdifficult.Heleftitonthedesk.Isawthekiteupanddown.推断是宾补还是双宾：宾语位置第一部分和其次部分是否有逻辑上的主谓关系。三、句子成分推断：Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeoplespeakEnglish.TheycallhimMike.WhatisyourgivennameYouwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.Theoldmanwasdead.找出定语①Whatisyourgivenname找出宾补Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow找出状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Icometotheschoolbecauseofthatreason.找出干脆宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme四、并列复合句1、基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简洁句构成。两个简洁句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简洁句之间用分号连接。2、常见并列连词：(1)并列概念：and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…(2)选择概念：or,otherwise,orelse,either…or…(3)转折概念：but,yet,while.(4)因果概念：for,so,because.五、主从复合句概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。1）形容词性从句：定语从句。2）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句。※定语从句Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.找出先行词，关系词，以与关系词充当从句的什么成分。ShewastheteacherthattaughtusEnglish.Thisistheboythatwelookedforyesterday.DoyouseethebuildingthatisnearthebankAllmyclassmateswerefondofthecakethatImade.ThebookwhichhasalotofpicturesisTom’s.ThebookwhichIlostyesterdayisTom’s.Ididn’tknowanythingaboutthemanwhowrotethis.ThegirlwhoyoulikeisMary.ThegirlwhomyoulikeisMary.Iknowthemanwhosebikeisblue.Icometotheroomwhosewindowisblue.Idon’tknowthetimewhentheycome.Idon’tknowthereasonwhytheycome.Idon’tknowtheschoolwheretheylive.关系代词：关系副词：从句完整时，用____________。从句不完整时，用__________。关系代词先行词句子成分whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词先行词句子成分whenwherewhy关系词填空Theteamplayers________arewearinggreenhavewonthegame.Thisistheteacher________taughtmeChemistryin2016.Maryisagirl________everybodylikes.Thehospital________wasbuiltfiveyearsagowasthebiggestinthecity.Thisistheboy________dogisverycute.Icannotremembermychildhood________mymotherwasstillyoung.Shedoesn’tknowthereason________peoplehateher.Thisistheplace________alotofpeoplelive.考纲重点：从句中谓语动词单复数要和先行词保持一样。从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。关系代词指物时，只能用that的状况。关系代词指物，只能用which的状况关系代词指人，只用who的状况非限制性定语从句※练习：课课练P16※名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、状语从句引导词－从句为陈述意义that－从句为一般疑问意义whether/if－从句为特别疑问意义who/whomwhatwhichwhosewhenwherewhy主语从句：1.主从为陈述句，连接词为that他昨天没来是对的。_____________________________2.主从为一般疑问句，连接词为whether是否他会来还不清晰。_____________________________3.主从为特别疑问句，结构为原疑问词+陈述句式他说的不是真的。_____________________________表语从句：1.为陈述，连接词为that答案是我们没有足够的钱。_____________________________2.表”是否”，连接词为whether问题是是否我应当信任他。3.为特别疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式问题是我们应什么时候动身。_____________________________※Because也可引导表从Itis/wasbecause+缘由….宾语从句：1.为陈述句，连接词为that（可省）动物们知道冬天就要来了。_____________________________2.为一般疑问句，连接词为whether/if他们想知道是否这是对的。_____________________________3.为特别疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式警察询问谁到这个房间来了。_____________________________※宾从只用whether不用if的状况1)和ornot连用时2)从句是介词的宾语时3)从句和不定式连用时※难点：形式主语和形式宾语的阅读同位语从句：对前面的名词的内容起说明说明，从句是完整句，去掉从句对整句结构无影响。1.为陈述，连接词为that他给出了吩咐，（内容是）我们必需留意平安(safety)。_____________________________有很多报道，（内容是）现今人们越来越有创建力了。_____________________________2.表“是否”，连接词为whether我们会探讨这个问题，（内容是）是否运动会会举办。_____________________________3.表疑问，结构为疑问词+陈述句式我不知道他什么时候回来。_____________________________我不知道他为什么拒绝了我。_____________________________※同从常在这类可有详细内容的名词后answer,idea,belief,truth,problem,news,fact,hope,wish,promise,evidence,report,information,explanation,suggestion,conclusion…英语16个时态一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般do现在完成havedone现在进行isdoing现在完成进行时havebeendoing过去过去一般did过去完成haddone过去进行wasdoing过去完成进行时hadbeendoing将来将来一般willdo将来完成willhavedone将来进行willbedoing将来完成进行时willhavebeendoing过去将来过去将来一般woulddo过去将来完成wouldhavedone过去将来进行wouldbedoing过去将来完成进行时wouldhavebeendoing一．翻译Mary住在欧洲。__________________________________________________________小时候他常常去河里游泳。__________________________________________________________他遗忘了时间。__________________________________________________________你明天会来吗？__________________________________________________________他告知了我同学们会在那个夏天参观长城的。__________________________________________________________我已经告知她那件事了。__________________________________________________________昨天当我到教室的时候，已经起先上课了。__________________________________________________________至上个月，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。__________________________________________________________到下个月底她就在这里住了3个月了。__________________________________________________________她始终笑了10分钟了。__________________________________________________________在他来之前她始终笑了10分钟了。__________________________________________________________她始终住在伦敦三年了。__________________________________________________________我正在看电视。__________________________________________________________他来的时候我正在吃饭。__________________________________________________________明天这个时候他会在写作业。__________________________________________________________玛丽那时候想明天这个时候他会在写作业。__________________________________________________________二、用过去时、完成时或完成进行时填空1.

You

know,

I

____________

(look)

for

a

job

for

three

months,

and

this

is

my

first

chance.

2.

My

sister

____________

(stay)

in

Beijing

for

three

months

last

year.

3.

The

little

boy

is

dirty

all

over

because

he

_____________

(play)

in

the

mud（泥）

all

the

morning.

4.

I

______________

(wonder)

if

you

were

free

this

afternoon.

5.

Here

he

is!

We

_______________

(wait)

anxiously

for

him

since

last

night三、选择题1.—______myglasses—Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.Doyousee

B.Hadyousee

C.Wouldyousee

D.Haveyouseen2.IwonderwhyJenny______usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twritten

B.doesn’twrite

C.won’twrite

D.hadn’twritten3.JohnandI______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______eachothermanytimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;hasseen

B.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseen

D.havebeen;hadseen4.—Howlong______DavidandVicky______married—Foraboutfouryears.A.were;being

B.have;got

C.have;been

D.did;get5.HowcanyoumissthenewsIt______onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe6.WhenMarycametothehouse,Lily______TV.A.waswatchingB.watchesC.wouldwatchD.hadwatched9.Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI______before.A.washaving

B.have

C.haveeverhad

D.hadeverhad10.Mybrotherisanactor.He______inseveralfilmsofar.A.appears

B.appeared

C.hasappeared

D.isappearing14.Thismachine______.WhatshouldIdoA.didn’twork

B.wasn’tworking

C.doesn’twork

D.isn’tworking15.Myfriend,who______inthatrestaurantallhislife,willretirenextmonth.A.served

B.isserving

C.hadserved

D.hasserved16.I______inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.lived

B.waslivingC.havelived

D.hadlived17.We______ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.A.don’tmeet

B.won’tmeet

C.haven’tmet

D.hadn’tmet18.Danny______hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works

B.isworking

C.hasworked

D.worked19.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks______sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.is

B.are

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen20.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shown

B.Do;show

C.Had;shown

D.Did;show21.

—I’m

sure

Andrew

will

win

the

first

prize

in

the

final.

—

I

think

so.

He

________

for

it

for

months.

A.

is

preparing

B.

was

preparing

C.

had

been

preparing

D.

has

been

preparing

22.

By

the

time

he

realizes

he

_________

into

a

trap（陷阱）,

it’ll

be

too

late

for

him

to

do

anything

about

it.

A.

walks

B.

walked

C.

has

walked

D.

had

walked

23.

Danny

_________

hard

for

long

to

realize

his

dream

and

now

he

is

popular.

A.

works

B.

is

working

C.

has

worked

D.

had

worked

24.

—I

have

got

a

headache.

—No

wonder.

You_________

in

front

of

that

computer

too

long.

A.

work

B.

are

working

C.

have

been

working

D.

worked

25.

The

unemployment

rate

in

this

district_______

from

6%

to

5%

in

the

past

two

years.

A.

has

fallen

B.

had

fallen

C.

is

falling

D.

was

falling

26.

Now

that

she

is

out

of

job,

Lucy

___

going

back

to

school，but

she

hasn’t

decided

yet.

A.

had

considered

B.

has

been

considering

C.

considered

D.

is

going

to

consider

27.

—______

you

______

him

around

the

museum

yet

—Yes.

We

had

a

great

time

there.A.

Have;

shown

B.

Do;

show

C.

Had;

shown

D.

Did;

show

28.

—Hi,

Tracy,you

look

pale.

—I

am

tired.

I

_______

the

living

room

all

day.

A.

painted

B.

had

painted

C.

have

been

painting

D.

have

painted29.—Haveyoulearnedsomethingunexplainedbefore

—Yes,I

___________

aresearchonanunexplainedfact6yearsagoinmyhometown.A.make

B.made

C.havebeenmaking

D.havemade30.Mr.Whiteworksasalawyer（律师）now,buthe__________

asanactorforseveralyears.

A.worked

B.hasworked

C.hadworked

D.hadbeenworked31.Nowthatyou

___________

afamousmountainclimber,whatareyougoingtodoA.havebeen

B.are

C.were

D.hadbeen32.—Iamalmosttiredout.

—Soyouare.You

__________

onthedocuments(文件)allday.

A.areworking

B.haveworked

C.wereworking

D.havebeenworking5.—I___________

herethreedaysago.

—What__________

thesedaysA.got;didyoudo

B.havegot;haveyoudoneC.hadgot;willyoudo

D.got;haveyoubeendoing6.—I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

—Oh,notatall.I__________

hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe7.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I

__________

herseveraltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.havebeenmeeting8.—IcametoCanadalastautumn.Whataboutyou,Jim

—I

_________

hereforabouthalfayear,andImissmyfamilyverymuch.

A.come

B.came

C.havecome

D.havebeen9.ItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1934)

_________

theworldleadinginventorforaboutsixtyyears.

A.wouldbe

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hadbeen10.—___________thesportmeetingmightbeputoff.

—Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.I’vebeentold

B.I’vetold

C.I’mtold

D.Itold11.—Whatbadluckthatwe

________thefootballmatchinthelast3minutes.

—Especiallywhenwe

_________

sohardinthepastyears.

A.hadlost;trained

B.werelosing;hadrained

C.havelost;havetrained

D.lost;havebeentraining12.—Hi,Mary.It’snicehearingfromyou.

—I

__________comingtovisityoubuttoomuchworkpreventsmefromdoingso.

A.hadthoughtof

B.thoughtofC.havebeenthinkingof

D.havethoughtof13.—MissJones

__________

musicatEtonSchoolfortenyears.

—NowonderIoftenhearhersinginginhergarden.

A.teaches

B.usedtoteach

C.isteaching

D.hasbeenteaching14.—Ithinkthewaitressmusthaveforgottenus.we

_________

hereforoverhalfanhourandnobody

_________

ourorderyet.—Isupposeyouareright.A.havebeenwaiting;hastaken

B.havebeenwaiting;tookC.havebeenwaited;hastaken

D.havewaited;took15.Thestudentsdon’twanttohavetheirsupperuntilthey

___________

theirexperiment.

A.finished

B.havefinished

C.hadfinished

D.willfinish16.Iplayping-pongquitewell,butI

__________

timetoplaysincethenewyear.

A.haven’t

B.don’thave

C.haven’thad

D.don’thavehad17.BynowstudentsinGradeOne

____________

1,700Englishwordsandphrases.

A.shouldlearn

B.havelearned

C.learned

D.learn18.I

__________

myhistorythistimeyesterday.NowI

__________

allmyworkfortoday.

A.reviewed;haddone

B.wasreviewing;haddone

C.wasreviewing;havedone

D.reviewed;havedone19.I

_________

unexplainedthingsrecentlyandIeven___________somewriting.

A.havebeenresearching;havestarted

B.haveresearched;hadstarted

C.havebeenresearching;havebeenstarting

D.havebeenresearched;havestarted20.—WherehaveyoubeenI

__________youthewholeday.

—Iwasinthelibraryreadingmagazines.

A.havebeentelephoning

B.hadtelephoned

C.telephoned

D.wastelephoned21.Shirley

_________

abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

A.haswritten

B.wrote

C.hadwritten

D.waswriting22.Idon