听力第81414套真题每篇答案在的原文后应无误为老外听写不排除

单词，但整体意思不影响。原文中的数字表示答案对应处，如(3)表示此篇第三题答案.WhatdoestheprofessormainlyTheimportanceofzoonktoninthemarinefoodchainTheinterdependenceoftwotypesoftinymarineorganismsAphysicalfeatureofzoonktonthatmakesthemwelladaptedforswimmingAphenomenonobservedinsomespeciesofzoonkton.WhydoestheprofessorconcludethatzoonktonmustderiveanimportantbenefitfromdielverticalmigrationDielverticalmigrationusesupalotofDielverticalmigrationexposeszoonktontoDielverticalmigrationpreventszoonktonfrombeingabletodigestphytonkton.Dielverticalmigration szoonktonpopulationstolivepermanentlyincoldwater..WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutbioluminescentzoonktonTheirfoodsourceisdifferentfromthatofotherzoonkton.Theyprobablydonotrelyondielverticalmigrationtoavoidpredation.Theymigratedeeperthanotherzoonktonspeciesdo.Mostspeciesarefoundinverycold.WhydoestheprofessormentionfishthatliveinfreshwaterlakesTopointoutthatmanyaquaticspeciesexhibitdielverticalmigrationTogiveanexampleofaspeciesoffishthatfeedsonbioluminescentzoonktonTomakeacomparisonbetweenfishandzoonktonTosupportoneofthetheoriesexiningwhyzoonkton.Avoidingpredatorsisonepossibleexnationforwhyzoonktondivesodeeplyintheocean.WhattwootherexnationsforthisphenomenondoestheprofessorofferClickon2ToavoidstrongoceancurrentsTodigestincolderwatersTofindabundantfood.WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthereasonsfordielverticalmigrationinzooNosingleexnationforallspeciescanaccountforthisResearchershavenotbeenabletoproposeusibletheoriestoexinthisAllindividualorganismshaveseveralreasonsforResearcherswereabletoagreeonanexnationforthisphenomenonaftermanyyearsofTheseaisteemingwithtinyorganismsbuttheydon’tgetasmuchpopularattentionassaywhales.Microscopicalgaesaren'tjustsoexciting,Isuppose,andyetthoseorganismsarethefoundationofbulkofmarinefoodchain.Withoutnkton,whichisaglobaltermforthosetinyorganisms,therewillbenowhales.nkotonisfoundbothinfreshwaterandmarineenvironments.Againitisatermusedforanysmallorganismsthatfloatalongwiththecurrent,eitherbecausetheyaretoosmallorweaktoswimagainstitorbecausetheydon’thaveanycapacityatalltomovebythemselves.ntsandnt-likenktonarecalledphytonkton,whileanimalsandanimal-likenktonarecalledzoonkton.Foroveracenturynow,researchershavebeentryingtosolvethemysteriesaboutthezoonkton.Yousee,sincespeciesofzoonktonsmigrate,er...notasthebirdsdowhentheseasonschange,butdaily,inaphenomenoncalleddiel-verticalmigrationorDVM.Inthediel-verticalmigration,zoonktonswimupontothesurfaceofwaterduringthenight,andswimdowntodeepwaterduringtheday.Dependingonthespeciesandregion,thiscanbearoundtripbetween100and400meters.Foratinymicroscopicorganism,thatisahugedistance.(2)Remembernow,zoonktoncan’tswimverywell,andDVMrequiresalotofenergy.Sotheremustbeimportantbenefittothisdailyupanddowncommuting.We'renotexactlysureaboutwhatthebenefitis,thoughthereareseveralcompellingtheories.Iwilltalkabouttheminamoment,butfirst,Iwanttotalkaboutwhatwedoknow,orratherwhatweareprettysureweknow.Soresearchersgenerallyagreethestimulusforzoonktons’DVMislight,zoonktonstendtoswimawayfromsunlightintodeepwaterwherethesunlightsbarelypenetrate.Atnight,whensunlightnolongerilluminatetheshallowofwater,zoonktonsheadbacktowardthesurface.Now,whywouldlightcausezoontonstospendalltheenergytomigrate?Onepopulartheoryisthatzoonktonsarehidingduringthedayfromvisualpredators,em...thoseanimalsthatcanhuntbysight.Thedarknessprovidessafetyduringtheday,then,atnightaftermigratingupward,theyhavetheopportunitiestofeedonphytonktonsthatfloatatthesurface.Makesense,doesn’tit?Butwhatdowedowiththedatashowingmanyofzoonktonsdon’tdivedeepenoughduringthedayto evisibletopredators,ortheothersdivedeeperthanisnecessarytoescapepredators’eyes,(3)andsomezoontonsarebio-luminescence,whichmeanstheyhavespecialorgansthatlightupsothattheycanbevisibleevenwhentheyareinthegreatdepth.Well,despiteofthis,(4)webelievepredatoravoidanceisapossibleexnationbecausethestudyisdoneinfreshwaterlakes.Itturnsoutthereiscorrelationbetweenthepresenceorabsenceofverticalmigrationandpresenceorabsenceoffishthatfindtheirpreybysight.Butwhatareotherpossibleexnations?(5-1)Someresearcherssuggestzoonktonsmigratetoavoidsomeultra-violetlights.Thatwouldexinwhysomezoonktonsarefoundinsuchgreatdepth.Visiblelightmaynotpenetrateveryfardown,butultra-violetlightcan.Andwenoticesomezoonktonhavespecialpigmentsthatprotectthemfromthedamageultra-violetlightcancause.Thatcouldbewhysomezoonktonareabletostayclosetothesurfaceduringthedaylighthours,andthisisathirdtheory.(5-2)Althoughittakesalotofenergyforthezoonktontomigrate,theyconserveenergywhilefloatingindeeper,colderwater.Sowhiletheyarenoteating,theyarequietlydigestinginthecoolerwater.Butremember,zoonktonsconsistofanynumberofdifferentmicroorganisms.Frommicroscopicworms,tocrabworms,totinyfish,Theywillbefoundinawiderangeofhabitats,coldwater,warmwater,shallowwater,deepwater.(6)Sotheremaybedifferentreasonsfordifferentspecies.答案：DABDAC【易错题提醒】：本文讲的是DVM这种现象并探讨可能的原因，第一题Aphenomenonobservedinsomespeciesofzoonkton是对DVM现象的概括。第三题选B。前面(3)andsomezoontonsarebio-luminescence,whichmeanstheyhavespecialorgansthatlightupsothattheycanbevisibleevenwhentheyareinthegreatdepth.Well,despiteofthis,(4)webelievepredatoravoidanceisapossibleexnationbecausethestudyisdoneinfreshwaterlakes.既然在水下还能被看到，就不能躲避天敌（predatoravoidance仍然是躲避天敌的原因，只是不适合发光的浮游生物），答案选B。reasonsfordifferentspecies.，此处出了第六题。.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheTodescribetheimportanceofrecentlydiscoveredsfromfifteenth-centuryItalyTocontraststylesofpaintinginthefifteenth-centurywithstylesofpaintingtodayToexinwhyRenaissancepainterswerewillingtoacceptguidancefromnonTomakeaconnectionbetweensocialvaluesandthecreationofartduringthe.Accordingtotheprofessor,howwasthepriceofanewpaintingdeterminedduringtheHighsusuallysetthepricebasedonhowmuchtimetheyhadworkedontheBuyersgenerallydictatedthepricebeforethebegantheThepricewasnegotiatedbetweentheandbuyerandwasusuallybasedonthepainting'sThepricewasdeterminedontheopenmarketandreflectedchanging.WhywasultramarinehighlyvaluedasapigmentduringthefirsthalfofthefifteenthcenturyItwasashadeofbluethathadnotbeenseenbeforeinItaly.Itwascommonlyusedtodecorateexpensivejewelry.Itwassuitableforusebothinpaintingsandonframes.Itwasarichcolorthatmaintaineditsintensityover.WhydoestheprofessormentionblackToillustrateatrendawayfromopendisysofmaterialTopointouttherealisticdepictionofclothinginRenaissanceToshowhowmaster sinfluencedfashiontrendsinthefifteenthcenturyToemphasizesocialdifferencesbetweenmasterpaintersandtheir.WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutmasterpaintersworkinginthelatefifteenthcenturyTheyalonedecidedonthesubjectmatteroftheirpaintings.Theyhadhighersocialstatusthanpaintersfromearlierinthecentury.Theywerenotrequiredtouseasmanyexpensivematerialsasinthepast.Itisimpossibletoknowhowmuchofanartwork ally.Whydoestheprofessorsay“LikewhatIsaid,therewaslesstalkaboutthosepreciousmaterialsinthecontract,whichprobablymaybes’habit.NowIamnotsayingthepaintingsarelessexpensive,wealthybuyerswerestillabletoshowtheirwealth,butindifferentlessobviousways.”-NowIamnotsayingthepaintingsarelessexpensiveTocorrectanerrorhejustmadeTopreventapossibleTosuggestheisunsurewhetherpaintingsbecamelessexpensiveTohighlightanimportanthistoricaldevelopmentWespentalotoftimeconcentratingonthes.Whatwasthepaintertryingto Whydidheorshechoseaparticularcolor?Thoseareimportantquestionsbutweshouldn’tforgetthesocialcontext,inwhichsworked.Andthatcontextofcourseincludeswherethemoneycomesfrom.Imeanok,what’stheimpetusthesedaysforopinionstobemadeandhowthisissolvedusually,anyone?Lisa.Iguessthetypicalwayisuh,angetinspiredtocreateacertainpainting.Thenwhenitisdone,heorshesetsapriceandlooksforabuyerthroughwebsiteIguessoragalleryorButbackinthe15thCenturyItaly,itwasadifferentstory.ThisperiodisknownastheHighRenaissance.SomeofthemostimportantsinEuropewereworkinginFlorenceatthattime.Andtherelationshipbetweensandbuyers,wasquitedifferentinthescenariosjustdescribedbyLisa.(2)DuringHighRenaissance,buyersyedaveryactiverole,intheinitiations,destinations,almostallaspectsofthework.Theyspecifiedwhatwastobepainted,whatshouldappearinthebackground,foreground,colors,yeah,Lisa?Lisa:ButhowdoweknowallProfessor:How?wehavegothundredsofsurviving sthatwerefrom15thcenturyFlorence.Withtheagreementofthebuyersands,thereisnosetformattothem,(2)buttheyalldoappearinthecontractinwhichthebuyersdictatethesubjectmatterofapaintingandsetthetermsofthepayment(规定支付条款，即支付金额，支付时间，支付方式之类的Thecontractalsoaddressedthematerials,buyersactuallystipulatedwhattyofthemostrareandexpensivepaintstheswillAndinothercases,wherethesepaintsonthecanvaswillbeapplied?Andwhichpaintwillbeappliedtotheframe?Ok,andtwopigmentsmentionedmostofteninthose saregoldandultra-marine.Ultra-marinewasaveryrareveryexpensivebluepigment.AndbluepigmentwasaproblemforEuropeansinthe15thcentury.Otherblueswereeitherpaleorunstable,theytendedtofadeoverthetime.(3)Butultra-marinewasanunusuallydeepvividblue.Abluethatcanresistthefading.Especiallythehighestgradeofultra-marine.Sothecontractmightsaythatthepainterhastousethismuchgold,andthatmuchofthehighestgradeofultra-marine.Butifyoulookatthecontractoverthecourseofthe15thcentury,youcanseeachangetakingce.Theearlypartofthecenturywasatimeofconspicuousdisyofstatus,itwasacceptabletoflauntyourmoneyifyouhadit,todressbrightcolorstowearexpensivejewellery,butascenturiesprogressed,blatantwaysshowingoffhowrichyouarebecamelessacceptable.Itwasconsideredinbadtaste.Clothbecamefashionable.(4)Forinstance,everyonestartwearingblack,sothewealthywalkswearcloththebestqualityblack*quaff.Andsameshipofvalueswasreflectedincontractsbetweensandbuyers.Contractsinsecondhalfin15thcentury,celessemphasisongoldandalsoultra-marineforexample,andwhenyoulookatthepaintsproducedtowardtheendofthecentury,youdoseelessofthesecolors.Infactmostofthegoldwasdoneontheframe,notinthepainting.(5)Whatbecamemoreimportantwastheskilloftheart.Andcontractsprovideevidencesofthis.Andtounderstandhow,youhavetoknowsomethingaboutthewaytheRenaissancesworked.Themostprominents,themasterpainters,allhaveassistantsintheworkshop.Lisa:Buttothebuyers,howtocontrolhowmuchofthepaintingisdonebythemastersratherthantheassistants?Professor:Youspelledthisoutinthecontract.Asthecenturywenton,moreandmorecontractsspecifiedtheamountoftimethemastermustspendonthepainting.Buyerswoulddemandthecertain..likecentralfiguresmustberenderedbythemasterpainters,whetherthiswascarryoutisevidenttothetrainedeyeinthefinishedwork.LikewhatIsaid,therewaslesstalkaboutthosepreciousmaterialsinthecontract,whichprobablymaybes’habit.NowIamnotsayingthepaintingsarelessexpensive,wealthybuyerswerestillabletoshowtheirwealth,butindifferentlessobviousways.答案：DBDACTomakeaconnectionbetweensocialvaluesandthecreationofartduringtheRenaissance第三题答案为原文“Butultra-marinewasanunusuallydeepvividblue.Abluethatcanresistthe第五题：过去重视材质，现在由于风气变化不再重视，C对。.WhatarethespeakersmainlyHowaybyIbsencomparestothetypicalwell-madeA rycharacterinTheDoll'sHousethatinspiredanewtypeofThehistoryofthetermwell-made.WhatpointdoestheprofessormakewhenhementionsEugène’sThestudentshouldincludemorebackgroundinformationinherThestudentshouldavoidunnecessarydetailsinherThestudentshouldfocusononeyratherthanThestudentshouldnotwriteaboutallofthecharactersinthe.Whatarethreecharacteristicsofawell-madeyClickon3answers.ThereisamysterytobeTheaudienceknowsmorethantheThestoryhasasurpriseTheyoftentakesceinalivingThecharactersbehaveinunexpected.WhatdoestheprofessorsuggestthatthestudentFindoutwhatcriticswroteaboutADoll'sConcentrateonthealternativeendingtotheResearchwhatIbsenintendedtosayintheFocusonhowNora ctswiththeminor.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprofessorwhenhesays“Precisely,whenNoradramaticallystormsoutofherhomeandoffthestageattheendofthey,it’sasthoughthatysuddenlystopsbeingawell-madey.”Hethinksmostaudiencesweresurprisedbythey'sHehasneverheardthisinterpretationHefindsthebehaviorofthecharacterHeissurprisedthewomanremembersthispointfromNarrator:Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandtheprofessor.Theyarediscussingagenreofyknownasthe“well-madey”.P:HiJennifer,soyoupickedS:Yes,IdecidedtogowithHenrikIbsen’sy,“ADoll’sHouse”.P:Goodchoice.S:Andthewaysinwhichheturnstheconventionsofthe“well-madey”upsidedown.P:Okay.S:SoIthoughtI’dstartbytalkingabouthowtheterm“well-madey”wascoinedbytheFrenchywrightEugèneScribe,whoperfectedthegenre.P:IwouldprobablyleaveEugène’sScribeoutifit,youdon’tneedtogointothehistoryofthetermorallthenitty-grittydetailsofhowtheformdevelopedinyourpaper.S:SoIshouldn’tdefineP:Well,no.(2)Defineitbyallmeans,butdon’tincludeeverydetail.Definingaterm,andgivinganaccountofitsliryhistory,andEugènesScribeandallthat,aren’texactlythesamething.Butofcourse,youhavetolisttheconventionsofthe“well-madey”,howit’stheconventionalS:Okay,(3-1)theimportantoneslikethatitusuallyunfoldsinthelivingroom,and(3-2)theaudienceknowsmoreaboutwhat’sgoingoninthestorythanthecharactersdo?P:(3-3)Anddon’ttheforgetthere’susuallyanimportantpieceofevidencelikealetterorapaintingorsomethingthat’sakeytoagreatsecretormystery.Andthen,youshouldpointouthowtheseconventionsareusedornotusedbyIbseninthe“Doll’sHouse.S:Wow,heusesalmostallofthemdoesn’the?Theydoestakeceinalivingroomandthingsareverypoliteandproperasusual,atleastonthesurface.AndNoradoessecretlyborrowmoneybehindherhusbandsback.P:Sure,andthere’sanincriminatingletterandonandondownthelist.Hereallydoespulloutallthestops.Infact,thisyisalmostatextbookexampleofwhata“well-madey”shouldbe.S:ExceptforDeangens,hedoesn’tsetupupthingsworkingoutintheendlikethey’resupposedina“well-madey”.Youknowinsteadofahappy,muteending,everythingfallsapart.LeaveslotstoquestionP:Precisely,whenNoradramaticallystormsoutofherhomeandoffthestageattheendofthey,it’sasthoughthatysuddenlystopsbeingawell-madey.S:Noa,forme,it’salmostlikeyouwalksouthtoyitsouth.P:“Oh,sheabandonsthey.That’sinteresting.S:Butshedoesn’twanttobeacharacterina“well-madey”,anymorethanshewantstobetreatedlikeadollinadollhouse.P:(4)I’vebeenreading,youknow,youmightwanttowannaseewhatothercriticshavesaidabouthisy.Thenyoushouldmatchyourinterpretationwiththere’s.S:Yea,Idon’tthinkthatit’sanythingthatEbsonintended,butthatideakeepsfirstforme.P:I’msorryyouknowthatBisonactuallyhadtorewritetheoriginalending,theendingthatweknowoftoday.Togettheyperformedinsomecountries,theidea,thebrokenmarriage,wasjusttooscandalous.S:Idorememberreadingthat答案：BBABDABcompare是对，ADOLL’SHOUSE是WELL-MADE中比较奇怪的一个例子，开始谈了WELL-MADEY的特性，有些在ADOLL’SHOUSE里有，最后第四题youmightwanttowannaseewhatothercriticshavesaidabouthisy.Thenyoushouldmatchyourinterpretationwiththere’s.跟其他评论家对上号。B不对，首先只是说要重新写结尾，而没有说thealternativeending已经写出来，更何况，应重点关注ADOLL’SHOUSE不合WELL-MADEY特征的地方，而这个的结尾正好可以体现这个不合bythey'sending没有体现大部分观众都很surprised，不是所有观众都对WELL-Y.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheToadvisestudentsonchangingsomeoftheirToexplorethefactorsthatinfluencehabitualTodiscussnewresearchonchangesinToexintheimportanceofhabitsineveryday.WhatexamplesdoestheprofessorusetoexincontextcuesClickon2answers.WakingupatthesametimeeveryEatingbreakfastatthesamelocationeveryPuttinganapkinonone'slapaftersittingdowntoThinkingaboutapresentationwhileridingabiketo.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisabenefitofhabitualHabitualbehaviorsencouragepeopletothinkabouttheirownHabitualbehaviorscan ctcontextHabitualbehaviorscanhelppeopletoquicklylearnnewHabitualbehaviorsallowpeopletousementalresourcesforother.Inthestudyofcollegestudents'exercisehabits,whatdidallthestudentshaveinTheyallwantedtochangetheirTheyallhadweakexerciseTheyallpreferredthesamekindofphysicalTheyalltransferredfromoneuniversityto.WhatcanbeconcludedfromthestudyofcollegeAhabitchangecanoccuronlywithaconsciouschangeinNotallhabitsareautomatedThelossofacontextcuecanbesufficienttocauseahabitSomepeoplecanchangeneithercontextcuesnortheir.（此题缺具体重听位置）WhatdoestheprofessorimplywhenshesaysShethinksthattheanswertoherquestionisSheisgoingtochangeaclassSherealizesthatshemightbecontradictingapointshemadeShedoesnotexpectthestudentstotakehercomment ListentopartofalectureinapsychologyP:EverymorningwhenIwakeup,Iwashmyface,brushmyteethandgetdressed.Thosearehabits.Idothemprettymucheverymorningwithoutexception,prettymuchinthatsameorder.Nowhabitsareanimportantpartofourlives.Stopforasecond,andthinkhowcomplicatedourliveswouldbeif,well,ifwedidn’thavehabits.Ifeveryonehadtoconsciouslythinkabouteverysinglestepforeverythingthatwedoeveryday.Eventhingsthatwedoaspartofourroutines.Okay,sowhatexactlyisahabit?Inbehavioralpsychology,habitsorhabitualbehaviors,aredefinedasautomatedresponsestriggeredbycontextcues.Letmerepeatthat.Habitsareautomatedresponsestriggeredbycontextcues.Sowhatdoesthatmean?Anautomatedresponseissomethingthatyoudowithoutthinkingaboutit.Contextcuesaretheconditionorsituationthatcausestheresponse2-1)Forexampleeverymorningonmywaytowork,Istopandeatbreakfastatacertaincoffeeshop.Idon’tthinkaboutit,I,Ijustdoit.WhenIapproachthecornerwherethecoffeeshopis,Iautomaticallyslowdown,andstopmycar,park,andgointothecoffeeshop.Sotheautomatedresponseismystopatthecoffeeshop.Andthecontextcuein,wellinthiscasethesituationthatcausestheresponse,isthelocation.Ormoreprecisely,mybeingatthelocation.Acontextcuedoesn’thavetobeanexternalsituation.ItcanalsobeanactionIdothatcomesimmediaybeforeanotheractionofmine.(2-2)Well,likewhenIsitdownatthedinnertable.ThefirstthingIdoafterIsitdownisputmynapkinonmylap.Idoonethingandthenthatactionisfollowedbyanotherspecificaction.Sittingdownisthecontextcue,puttingmynapkinonmylapistheautomatedresponse.(3)Someoneoncesaid,“habitualbehaviorsmakeeverydaylifeeasier”becausetheautomatedresponsesupourmentalresourcesforotherthings(forotherthings，节省的脑力做其他事情，例子可以体现和论证这个论点).Forexample,whenyou’redrivingorridingyourbiketoschoolyou’reusingautomatedresponseslearnedthroughrepetition.That’swhyyou’reableatthesametime,tothinkaboutthepresentationinyourhistoryclasslaterthatday.Butthere’sadownsidetothisautomaticbehavior.Becausehabitsareautomatic,they’rehardtochangeYoucan’tjustdecidetogetridofthathabitandit’sgoneThere’sabigdifferencebetweenintentionsandbehaviors,betweenchangingyourmindaboutngsomethingandactuallychangingwhatyoudo.Especiallywhenit’sahabit.Habitskeepusngwhatwe’vealwaysdoneevenifitisourintentionstoactotherwiseSoareallygoodwaytochangeahabit,istochangethecontextinwhichthehabitoccurs.Inotherwords,getridofthecontextcues.Uh,let’sgobacktomyhabitofalwaysstopatthiscoffeeshop.Let’ssayonedayIdecideI’dliketosavemoneybynoteatingbreakfastthere.Ichangedmyintentions,butasI’vesaid,thatalonemaynotbeenough.SowhatIcandoischangethecontext.Andagoodwayformetochangethecontextwouldbetotakeadifferentroutetowork,right?Contextisincrediblypowerful.Infact,justchangingthecontextitselfcancauseachangeintheautomatedresponse.(4)Researchersstudyinginthemechanismsofhabits,lookedattheexercisehabitsofcollegestudentswhotransferredtoanewuniversity.Thequestionwas,didstudentswhohadahabitofngphysicaldailyexercisemaintainthishabitwhentheychangedschools?Atfirstyoumightwonderwhythatwouldmatter.Whatdoesbeingatanewuniversityhavetodowithexercising?Well,you’dbesurprised.Whatthestudyfoundwasthatsomeofthestudent’swho’dexercisedregularlyattheirolduniversity,stoppedngsowhentheytransferred.Apparentlythehabitwasnolongerqueuedautomaticallyinthenewenvironment.(5)Sochangingthecontext,causedthesestudentstolosethehabit.Evenifexercisewasastronghabitbefore.Andtheresearchersfoundthatthestudentswhomaintainedthehabit,weretheoneswhohadtheconsciousintentiontokeepexercisinginthenewenvironment.Forthosestudents,theirintentionstocontinuetheirhabits,counctedthechangeincontext.Soasyoucansee,intentionscanbeapowerful.Andifyouwanttochangeahabit,bothchangeincontextandstrongintentionsareimportant.BBCDDC6.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheTodiscussachallengethatmust ebeforepeoplecanliveontheToexinsomeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbuildingacolonyontheToquestionthereliabilityofsomeoftheexperimentsconductedonlunarTodescribethediscoveryofanatmosphereonthe.WhydoestheprofessormentionoxidecompoundsintheTopointoutthatmultipletechniquesmightberequiredtoextractoxygenfromthevariousToproposethatthetraceamountsofoxygenintheMoon'satmosphereescapedfromtheToemphasizethattheregolithisgraybecauseofitshighaluminumoxideTopointoutthatlunarsoilcontainslargetiesof.WhatpointsdoestheprofessoremphasizeaboutsoilsamplescollectedduringtheApollospaceClickon2TheyarelessabrasivethansimulatedlunarSomeoftheirpropertiesmayhaveEachsamplewastakenfromadifferentlayeroftheThereareveryfewofthemleftfor.WhatpointdoestheprofessormakewhenhediscussestheformationoflunarTheformationprocesscanbereplicatedusingvacuumThenumberofcomplexcompoundsinlunarsoilislowerthanscientistsLunarsoilisaproductofrepeatedexposureto Lunarsoiliscomprisedprimarilyofiron.WhatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhementionsthatlunarsoiliselectricallyLunarsoilmightinterferewiththeoperationofequipmentontheLunarsoilcouldbeusedasapowersourceontheElectricalchargesontheMoonarelesspowerfulthanthoseonExtractingoxygenfromlunarsoilmightbeeasierthanpreviously.Whydoestheprofessorsay“oinordertoconductmoreexperimentswithoutgoingbacktothemoontogetmoresoil,thatis,weneedimitationlunarsoil,simulatedlunarsoil,tonsofit.Soyoumightthink,howhardcouldthatbe?Weknowthechemicalmakeupoflunarparticles.Well,it’sbeenattempted.Buttheproductwasn’tentirelysatisfactory.”-oyoumightthink,howhardcouldthatTosuggestthattheanswertohisquestionisTosuggestthatitisnotnecessarytocollectmorelunarsoilTointroduceanexnationthatmightbeToaskthestudentstorecallwhattheyhavelearnedsofarNarrator:Listenpartofalectureinanastronomyclass.P:There’slongbeentalkaboutcolonizingthemoon,bothforresearchandasastepstonetoMars.Butitscurrentlyimpossibletosustainastronautsonthemoononalong-termbasis.Astronautsneedwater,food,andoxygenamongotherthings.Andrightnow,ouronlyoptionisregularlyhaulingthoseresourcesfromEarth.Whichis…S:ReallyP:ProhibitivelyexpensiveI’dsay.Sothemostlogicalsolutionistofindawaytoobtainwhatweneedfromthemoonitself.Fromthelunarsoil,themoon’scoveredwithablanketofsoilcalledtheregolith.Weneedtofigureouthowtoprocessthissoilandturnitintousableresources.Andweneedtobeabletodoitrightthereonsite.Onethingwe’vebeeninvestigatingishowtoextractoxygenfromtheregolith.AquestionBobbie?S:Ithoughttherewasn’tanyoxygenonthemoon?Howcanyouextractoxygenifthereisn’tanytoextract?P:(2)Well,it’struethatthereareonlytraceamountsofoxygeninthemoon’satmosphere.Butintheregolith,it’sadifferentstory.Okay,youknowthatcompoundscontainingoxygenarecalledoxide.Andlunarsoilisabout43%oxygen,mostlylockedupinsilicondioxide,orsilicon,theprimarycomponentofsandandgrass.Otheroxidesintheregolithincludealuminumoxide.Aluminumislargelyresponsibleforthemoon’scoloreventhoughitcomprisesjust