名词性从句英语

NounClauses1Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:

1.Theworld

lovesnature.is

power.

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative2

名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{3宾语

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisMr.White.4什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses〕名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句5Whatarenounclauses?

Hisstoryisinteresting.

Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause6Practicetime：指出以下各名词性从句的种类Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.

Whenwewillstartisnotclear.5.

Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.ObjectclauseObjectclausePredicativeclauseSubjectclauseAppositiveclause7名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。8引导词句型转换1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。93.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。105.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。11总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。1.Whatweneed

moretime.2.WhatweneedmoreEnglishdictionaries.areis12Practicetime.单句改错1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.3.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.___

is______

hasn’t____would___was______

hewill___________________

Englishhas13ObjectClauses

宾语从句14

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.

主语谓语宾语〔简单句〕主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语

从句谓语

主句〔复合句〕15宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词〔引导词〕+简单句或其一局部16一、连词〔引导词〕1.当宾语从句是陈述句时〔包括肯定句和否认句〕，连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.17that在以下三种情况下不能省略：〔1〕当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；〔2〕当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。〔3〕用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.183.在主句为动词be加某些形容词〔如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等〕作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.194.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导〔口语中常用if〕，因为if/whether翻译成：“是否〞，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.20whether与if的辨用表“是否〞时，在以下情况下用whether。a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

d.介词后的宾语从句

e.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)

f.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if21Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether225.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词〔what,who,whom,whose〕或连接副词〔when,where,how,why〕引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?23带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?24二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态〔包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时〕，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，〔包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等〕Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.252.如果主句是过去的时态〔包括一般过去时，过去进行时〕，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态〔包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时〕Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.263.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.27Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)

willbe

goes

wereplaying

havereturned

hadbeen

286.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)

wrote

hastaken

hadbeen

29三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分301.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.311．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。本卷须知Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?322.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.333.否认的转移:假设主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句假设含有否认意义,一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)344.it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句那么放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.35PredicativeClauses

表语从句36表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句〞。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。例如：37.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough〔if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because

Thequestioniswhether

wecanrelyon

him.

That’sbecause

wewereinneedofmoneyat

thattime.

Helookedasif

hewasgoingtocry.That’swhy

Iwaslate.38注意：在表语从句中，表“是否〞时，只能用“whether〞不能用“If〞。一般情况下，“that〞不能省。Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….39名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth

或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.truthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.40注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.

但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.

411.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when42SubjectClauses

主语从句431.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)

Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)

Whathesaidisnottrue.4)

Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)

Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.44考点一:主语从句后置!为了防止主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.45It的用法：〔形式主语〕It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知〕/acommonsaying….〔俗话说〕46考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.47what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that那么不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.What与that引导主语从句

48由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次时机)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance49注意：Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.“if〞不能引导主语从句，应有“whether〞引导。主语从句的“that〞一般不能省。“what〞引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1〕常与其后的名词作表语一致2〕根据句子的语境而定。50___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto514.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave52AppositiveClauses

同位语从句53同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词〔idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等〕后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.n.+连接词+从句同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether

1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2).Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.54注:1.

同位语从句多用that引导2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.

Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.55Ihavenoidea

whenhewillbeback.howhecangetthetreasure.where

theconcertwillbehold.who

canfinishthework.why

ithappened.which

penismine.what

weshoulddonext.whom

theyaretalkingabout.whether

it’llraintomorrow.that

ourfootballteamwonthegame.561.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.57名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice

等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,

结构为should+do,should可省略HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)

becalmnow.58Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1同位语从句——that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句——that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句——that不能省定语从句——that在从句中作宾语时，可以省59Practice:判断以下各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.

ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.

3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句60

Thankyou611.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______ornotwewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekend.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC625.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD638.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCD641.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason654___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA666–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA67.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB6812.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)6914.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever701.Canyoumakesure___thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess___henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat3.______breaksthelawshouldbe