2019年工程硕士专业英语翻译考题加答案

研究生考试命题纸沈阳工业大学2012/2013学年第二学期课程名称：工程硕士专业英语翻译 课程编号：任课教师：王溪波考试形式：闭卷（1）.SummingupthevocabularyspecificfeaturesofEnglishprofessionalliteratureplease.（mark:5）A.TypicallyProfessionalizedTerms（词汇专业性强）Specificallyconcentratedmeaning（动词词义专一）HighlyproportionalLatin&GreekWords（拉丁、希腊次词素比率高）FrequentlyUseofCompoundWords（多用复合词）MoreandmoreAbbreviatedWords缩略词数量大）⑥FrequentUseofantonyms（反意词应用广泛）NewWordMeaningDerivedFromWordsAlreadyKnown（旧词新意普遍）MoreandMoreNounClusters（名词簇增多）MoreArtificialLanguage（Graphs、Tables&Formulae,etc.）（人工语言多）每错一点扣0.5分（2）.SummingupthesentencestructurespecificfeaturesofEnglishprofessionalliteratureplease.（mark:5）A.MoreIndicativeSentencesMoreImperativeSentencesMoreComplexSentencesMoreSentencePatternsof“It+be+adj.orparticiples+thatclause”MoreShortFormSentencesLedby“as”MorePresent,Past,PresentPerfectTensesMorePassiveVoiceMoreSubjunctiveMood每错一点扣0.5分PutthefollowingpassageintoChineseusingeitherliteraltanslationorfreetranslation.（mark:10）.（mark:5）Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,leadanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.A.（一张小小的贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人（朋友）背；它令人喜洋洋，撩得心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢呼；它可用于挥手道别，高声喝彩，遥寄飞吻，也可以弥补嫌隙，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧患，开创一种新风尚。）.（mark:5）Translationmeanstheconversionofanexpressionintoanotherlanguage.Tosayplainly，itisanarttoreproducetheexactideaoftheauthorbymeansofalanguagedifferentfromtheoriginal.Fromtheabovedefinitionofthetranslation,weknowthattheoriginalthoughtoftheexpressionmustbekeptasexactlyaspossible.Nothingshouldbeaddedtoortakenawayfromtheoriginalwork.Thedutyofthetranslatorissimpletochangevocabularynotthethought.Intranslationtherefore,therearetwoessentialelements:accuracyandexpressiveness.A.翻译的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。从以上翻译的定义来看。我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此，翻译有良种要素：准确性与表达性。PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishorChinese.（mark:10）.（mark:5）作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已经成为人类宝贵的资源和财富，大大促进了人类的社会进步。专业文献一向被认为是全世界的“无形资产”。因为一方面它们是对前人经验或研究成果的总结、概括和发展；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。因此，从这种意义上讲，所有文献都是前人研究发现和学术成果的宝贵记载，是人类文明的结晶。A.Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.Professionalliteraturehavebeenregardedas“intangibleasserts”ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare,onetheonehand,thesummary,generalization,anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies;andontheotherhand,theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Inthiscase,therefore,allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements,andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization..(mark:5)Thesuccessfuldesignofcost-effectivesolarenergysystemdependsmainlyonthedevelopmentofhigherconversionefficiencies.Atheoryisgivenforthethermalperformanceofanewsolarcollectorarraythatcombinesreflectedandrefractedlightrays.Thetheoryisappliedtothedesignofacompletesystemforsolarheatingofabuilding.Dynamicoperatingcharacteristicsofaone-monthintervalaregivenforthecollectorarrayandheattransferdevices,andcostefficiencyiscomparedwiththatoftheconventionaldesign.A,具有成本效益的太阳能系统的成功设计主要取决于更高的转换效率的提升。本文给出了一种结合反射光和折射光的新型太阳能收集器阵列的热性能理论，该理论被应用于太阳能供热大楼的供热系统的设计中。文中给出收集器阵列和热传输设备在一个月时间内的动态操作特性，并在成本效率方面与传统设计方式进行了比较。Giveyourcommentsonthefollowingtitlesandkeywordsorrevisethemifnecessary.(mark:10)⑴.Title： (mark:5)AResearchontheArtificialNeuralNetwork(ANN)AppliedintheAnalysisofStructuralMechanicsA.Researchonisredundancy,shouldbeomitted.AnApplicationoftheArtificialNeuralNetworkintheAnalysisofStructuralMechanicso②DevelopingComputerInternetandtheSpreadofCultureandInformationA.Theparallelpartsofatitleshouldbegrammaticallysymmetrical.DevelopingComputerInternetandtheSpreadingofCultureandInformation.AbridgebetweenTwoWorldsA.alittlebittoogeneral.AbridgebetweenTwoWorldsofXandY.④PhaseEquilibria(平衡)BetweenFluorothene(聚氯三氟乙烯)andOrganicSolventsA.goodtitle⑤CantheRateofWashLoadBePredictedfromtheBedloadFunction?A.Avoidingquestiontitle.ThePredictionofWashLoadRatebyBedLoadFunction⑵.Keywords:(mark:5)Keywords:English,vocabulary,tendency.A.(withoutfullstopintheendofthekeywords)Keywords:CollocationContextConnectionA.(usinglargespacebetweenwords)③Keywords:Five-yearplans;economiccondition;industrystatisticaldata;foreigninvestment;chemicalindustryA.(good)③Keywords:watertransfer,systemanalysis,DSSA.(DSSnotacceptable)⑤Keywords:nuclearwaste,nuclearfuelcycle,remediation,bioremediation,citrobacter,heavymetalaccumulation,uraniumtransuranicelements,echnetium,tributyphosphate,ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA)A.(toomanywordsandtwospecific)Writeoutthetitlesandkeywordsonthebasisofthefollowingabstracts.(mark:10)Abstractl：(Mark:5)Inthe21stcentury,themostfiercecompetitionsareinthesupplyoftalentedpeopleofhighquality,notinindustryandscientifictechnology.If,tosay,20thcenturyisstillanerainwhich“wealthcomesfrommaterialresource”,thenthe21stcenturyisgoingtobeacompletenewerainwhich“wealthcomesfromhumanresource.”Totransformthe“examination-orientededucation”intothe“quality-orientededucation”isnotapartialadjustmentofteachingmethods,rather,itisasystematicprogramthatinvolvesvariousconceptssuchasthechangeofeducationthinking,thereformofeducationalstructureandtherenovationofteachingmethods.A.Title:chinafseducationfacingthechallengeof21stcenturyKeywords:Education,challenge,21stcenturyAbstract2:(Mark:5)Thepaperdescribesthedesignoftheunderwaterlasercommunicationsystem.Inoursystem,thelightpulseproducedbytheLDpumpedsolidlaserismodulatedbythevoicecoderinthetransmitterandrecoveredtovoiceinthereceiver.Thepeakpoweroflightpulseis1000wattherateof16Kb/s.A.Title:UnderwaterlasercommunicationsystemKeywords:underwatercommunication,LDpumpedsolidlaserMaketheunderlinepartsofthefollowingsentencesmoreacceptableinprofessionalpapers.(mark:10)Archimedeswatchedandnoticedthatthewaterinhisbathoverflowedwhenhegotin.A.(observed)⑵Thebodythengetsridofthiscarbondioxidebybreathingout.A.(eliminates,exhaling)Themooncanbesaidtobelikealargemirrorwhichthrowsbackthesun’slighttotheearth.A.(comparedto,reflect)Thereasonisthattheheatattheendofthesilverspoonispassonquicklyfromonemoleculeofsilvertothenext.A.(transferredrapidly)⑸Themoleculesofthesubstanceareincontinualmotion.Theytrytospreadout.A.(diffuse)Trytoworkoutthemeaningofthegivenwordsandsupplytwootherexamplesthatyouknow.(mark:5)Prefix/suffixword meaning yourexamplesMicro-microclimate 小气候 microcomputermicroscopeHydro-hydrolyze水解hydrogenhydromechanical-logybiology生物学geologyphysiologyMulti- multiversity多科大学 multimediamultiangular-graphmonograph专论autographyphotographyGiveantonymsofthefollowingbyusingaffixes.(mark:5)⑴.Waxdewax⑵).Divisibleindivisible⑶.Evidencecounter-evidence⑷.LiteracyilliteracyWindywindless⑹.Metalnonmetal⑺.User-friendlyuser-unfriendly.Armamentdisarmament⑼.Matureimmature.Behavemisbehave上述每小题0.5分Analyzetheabstractbelow,followingthedirectionsstatedbelow,ifpossible.(mark:10).Categorizeabstract.Underlinethetopicsentence(s).Circlethesupportingsentences.Drawaboxaroundtheconclusionabstract1:(Mark:5)A.descriptiveThispapercomparesEastandWest(AmericanandChinese)campaignpracticesandrevealstheprominenceofcultureanditsimpactsupontheoperationofpubliccommunicationcampaigns.(Specially,thiscomparativestudyshowsthat,ChineseandAmericancampaignpracticesdifferin(1)ideologiesandperceptions;(2)approachesandstrategies;and(3)implementationsandevaluations.Inrunningthecampaigns,Americanrelyheavilyonmassmediaandconcentrateonshort-termgoals,whereasChinesedependsmoreoninterpersonalinfluencesandprimarilyonlong-termsocialeffects.)Thesedifferencesincampaignpracticesarehoweverattributabletotheirrespectiveculturalorientations.abstract2：(Mark:5)A.descriptive/informativeNeuropathic(神经性的)footulceration(溃疡)isamajormedicalandeconomicproblemamongdiabetic(糖尿病的)patients,yetthetraditionaltreatmentinvolvesbedrestwithcompletefreedomfromweightbearing.Wehaveinvestigatedtheuseofwalkingplastercasts(筒型石膏夹)inthemanagementofsevendiabeticpatientswithlong-standing,chroniculcers.(Allulcershealedinamediantimeof6weeks,butthistherapy(疗法)wasnotwithoutsideeffects.)Weconcludethatcastingisausefultherapyforneuropathiculcers,throughseveralclinicvisits,includingcastremovalandfoolinspection,indicatethatitisnecessarytoavoidpotentialsideeffectscausedbythecastingofinsensitivefeet.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(mark:20).payingattentiontothemeaningoftheunderlineparts.(mark:5).Thecomputerwillbeoutoforderwithalaymennoodling.A.(外行人乱击键盘会使计算机程序混乱).Themachineservesastroubleshooting.A.(这部机器用来寻查故障).Theproblemishowtodebugassoonaspossible.A.(问题是怎样尽快拆除窃听器，问题是如何尽快做好调试).Tostimulatethemselvessomeoftheyoungmenarecrazyonrockandroll,breakandsoon.A.(为寻求刺激，一些年轻人迷恋于摇滚乐、霹雳舞等).Thetestbedisfivefeetinlength.A.(这个实验台五英尺长).payingattentiontothesentencestructureofeach.(mark:10).ItisconcludedthatsomeoftheparameterscannotbeobtainedbyusingthemethodshowninsectionIV.A.(可以得出结论:运用第四节中叙述的方法不能得出某些数据(参数)).Connecttheequipmenttothemachine.Turnofftheswitch.Adjustinputvoltageto10V.Andnotedowntheoutputcurrent.A.(将设备连接到机器上;切断电源;把输入电压调到10伏，然后记下输出电流).Suchevid