中考英语阅读理解解题技巧（附详解）

阅读技巧

一、细节理解题

1.题型特点

这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题，如用

when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问，目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节

的理解能力。

2.细节理解题主要的设问方式

①Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?

②Whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentionedinthepassage?

③Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?

©Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?

⑤WhichofIhefollowingshows/givesIherightrelationship/positionof...?

⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?

3.细节理解题的解题技巧

所谓“事实细节，，，是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找

到。一般来说，应在短文中找出相关信息的位置，确定试题测试的考点。当然，有的试题还得对原文所提供的事

实进行一定的分析比较，才能做出正确的选择。

(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧

先阅读所给的问题，判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直

接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。

(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧

①阅读文章所给的问题，判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题，给无标题文章选标题,

指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。

②用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料，注意文章有可能涉及什么内容，属于什么体裁,以及文章安排

的大体轮廓等。

③从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说，第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开

的基础，为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句，尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点，把握

全文发展的脉络。

④有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:

a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂，需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友，过去现在的十几

种爱好，细节题考某人过去的爱好，需要在多而杂的内容中，带上问题，逐一去寻找，比对，找到正确选项。

b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数洞题问的是奥运金牌数，粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看清

关键信息。

例1

LiShizhen（李时珍）wasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinesehistory.HewasborninQichun,Hubeiin

1518.

BothofLiShizhen'sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwho

traveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs（药草）andmedicationsandcured（治愈）people.Hisfatherwasa

doctorwhowroteseveralbooks.

LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen'sfatherwantedhim

toenterpolitics（从政）.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry-levelexamination,buthewas

neverabletopasstheimperial（帝国的）examination.

Whenhewas38,hecuredthesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt（宫廷）.A

fewyearslater,hebecameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.

Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather^dream,hedidn'twanttocontinueworkingfbrthecourt.Oneyearlater,

heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.

LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica（《本草纲目》）.Hespent27years

writingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissuchasuccessfulbook.

NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

1.WhatwasLiShizhen'sgrandfather?

A.Anofficial.B.Aprince.C.Acountrydoctor.

2.WhatdidLiShizhen'sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?

A.Tobeadoctor.B.Toenterpolitics.C.Tobeaprince.

3.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured.

A.hisgrandfather

B.thesonofthePrinceofChu

C.anofficialinthatcountry

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?

A.Workingforthecourt.

B.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.

C.Hislongtraveling.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.LiShizhen'slife.

B.LiShizhen'sgrandfatherDslife.

C.LiShizhen'sfather'slife.

例2

Animalsgrowupindifferentways.Somenewbornanimalsarehelplessbuttheirmothersprotectthem.Anewborn

kangarooisverysmall.Itisonlyafewcentimeters(cm)long.Itclosesitseyesanddoesn'thavehair.Itstayssafein

itsmother'spouch(育JL袋)fbralongtime.

Anewbornmonkeycannotwalk.Itsmothercarriesiteverywhere.

Otherbabyanimalscanwalksoonafterthey'reborn.Theylearntorunwiththeirmotherswhendangerisnear.

Ababyzebracanrun,anhourafteritisborn.

Somebabyanimalsareborninaplacethatissafe.Babywolvesareusuallyborninbigholeswithlittlelight.

Otherbabyanimalsarebornintheopen.Ababyelephantisoftenbornonopenland.

Animalsthatdrinktheirmothers*milkarecalledmammals.Amotherbear'smilkisrich.Babybearshave

milkforafewmonths.Thisisthesamewithbabyzebras.Asbabyanimalsgrow,theyneedsolid(固体的)food.

Babylionseatwhattheirmothercancatch!

1.Accordingtothepassage,manynewbornanimalsneedtheirmothers9helpbecausethebabiescan't.

A.lookafterthemselvesB.eatanyfoodC.walkbythemselves

2.Anewbornmonkey'smothercarriesiteverywherebecause.

A.itisverysmallB.itcan'twalkC.itclosesitseyes

3.Babywolvesareusuallybornina(n)place.

A.openB.brightC.safe

4.Newbommammals5mainfoodis.

A.mothers,milkB.solidfoodC.smalleranimals

5.Howmanykindsofbabyanimalsarementionedinthispassage?

A.Six.B.Seven.C.Eight.

二、词义猜测题

题型特点

这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解

的基本技巧之一，也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典，这是不可

取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯，而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉

语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示

猜测词义就是诀窍。

词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;

生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。

2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式

①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase...inChinese?

②Theunderlinedword...refersto/probablymeans...

③Theunderlinedword...couldbereplacedby...

④Whatisthemeaningof...

⑤Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword...?

3.词义猜测题的解题技巧

(1)通过因果关系猜测词义

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助

关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示因果关系。

例Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

解析通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。

(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义

在文章中,有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，

我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,

也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。

例ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.

解析此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词旭只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都

属于“行星”这一领域。

(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义

有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人，使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可以

利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。

通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否

定意义的词语。

例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

解析根据“notatallashandsome..."我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。

(4)通过构词法猜测词义

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些生词，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着

举足轻重的作用。此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

⑸通过定义或释义关系猜测词义

定义或解释形式多样，常由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,be

knownas,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、

难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生

词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.

解析从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见

drought的意思是“久旱，旱灾而adryperiod和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,thatis,in

otherwords,becalled或破折号等来表示。

(6)通过举例来猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例Bananas.oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

解析pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从

句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果，准确地说,

是菠萝和椰子。

(7)通过描述猜测词义

描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。

例ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.ltisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughit

cannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

解析从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类，即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟

类的生活习性。

（8）根据上下文猜测词义

①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。

例OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomething

positiveoutofit.

Itwasn'tuntilafewweeksafterSeptember11thatIbegantoseethatperhapssomegooddidcomefromthis

tragedy.

Theword"positive^inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.terribleB.badC.good

解析根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟，你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。

②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。

例Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.ldon?tliketobewithhim.

Theunderlinedphrase“allwet“means.

A.drunkB.sweatingC.wrong

解析根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起''可知，他如果认为能约我出去，那就“错了”。因此C是正确答案。

（9）根据生活常识猜测词义

有时，我们利用自己的生活常识，便可知道生词的含义。

例Adeaf-and-dumbguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.

解析从句子意思可知他想买钉子，那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。

（10）利用单词的发音进行推测

英语中有些单词来自汉语，与汉语的发音有些相似，另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译，如:sofa（沙

发）,coffee（咖啡）,typhoon（台风）,aspirin（阿司匹林）,nylon（尼龙）等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。

例TheOlympicGamesbeganinthe5thcenturyBC.

OnedayitwasrevealedthatMrsMorelhadcancerandwasbeyondanyhelpexceptthatofmorphine.

解析上面这两个句子中面线的两个词，只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克'’和

“吗啡”。

例1

Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andwe

oftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.

Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.These

characteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyou

willneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics:

SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.Giveyourrobot

sensors(传感器):lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtaste

sensors(tongue).

MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment.Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsor

bedrivenbysmallengines(发动机).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.

EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself.Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight;somemight

withelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电¥也).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyour

robotneedstodo.

IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof'smarts".Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”.

Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.

l.Theunderlinedword"苴"inParagraph2isabout.

A.thetoyB.thecharacteristicC.themachine

2.Thechemicalsensorsmayhelparobotto.

A.seeB.catchC.smell

3.Inhowmanywayscanarobotpoweritselfaccordingtothepassage?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

4.TheChinesemeaningof"Intelligence^inthelastparagraphis.

A.能源B.勤奋C.智能

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.

B.Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.

C.Todescribethemovementofarobot.

例2

RachelCarson（1907—1964）wasapioneeroftheworld'senvironmentalmovementthroughherwritingabout

theprotectionofthenaturalworld.Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople.ltdescribes

theharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic（有害的）chemicalsonfarmland.

Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries.In1951shepublishedherfirstbook,The

SeaAroundUs,whichbecameabestseller.Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting.

Shewasagiftedwriter.Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists.

Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletelychangedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature.It_paintedableak（荒

凉的）futureforthewholenaturalworld.Itledtoanationwideban（禁止）ontheuseofadeadlychemicalcalled

DDT,andothertoxicpesticides（农药）thatfarmersusedfortheircrops.Manypeoplesaythebookledtothe

creationofAmerica'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.

Sinceherdeath,Carson'snamehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment.Thereisnowa

yearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize.NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreat

contributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection.In1980,16yearsafterherdeath,shewasawardedthe

PresidentialMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica.

1.WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962?

A.Shestartedtowritebooks.

B.HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous.

C.HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwell.

2.WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob?

A.Shegotanaward.

B.ShepublishedSilentSpring.

C.TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoney.

3.WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection?

A.Itdescribesasilentspring.

B.Ittoppedthebooksaleslists.

C.ItchangedhowAmericathoughtaboutnature.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Jf'inParagraph3mean?

A.ThebookSilentSpring.

B.ThewayAmericathought.

C.TheUSBureauofFisheries.

5.WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom?

A.Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection.

B.ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheries.

C.ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarsonBookPrize.

三、主旨大意题

1.题型特点

要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言

片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需

要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中

隐含的信息。

2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式

①What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

②Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

④Thewritermeanstotellusthat.

⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

@Thepassageismainlyabout.

©Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

⑧What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

⑨Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

⑩Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

3.主旨大意题的解题技巧

(1)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节，推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词，即文章中反复出现的、与主题

有关的实词，如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是，为了避免同一词的过多

重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词，或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题

句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中，作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进

行论述。因此，我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。

(2)注意段落主题句，归纳文章大意。

段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(TopicSentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题

(Topic);②阐述控制概念(ControllingIdea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。

主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句，偶尔在段落中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普类文章)的时

候，主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。

①主题句位于段首

主题句位于段首是由作者先立论，后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有

关统计数字表明，在英语议论文或说明文中，有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。

a.寻找主题句

有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词，常见的信息词有:forexample,anexampleof.lhemostimportant

example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。

在阅读中，应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的forexample可以断定，前一句话是主题

句。如果无明显的信息词，可先假设第一句话为主题句，在第二句话前面添加一个forexample,看看第二句话是

否可以支撑第一句话，如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话，便在其他地方找出主题句。

b.选择答案

先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项，选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案，如主题句的再现，主题

句句意的转述或推论等，排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。

②主题句位于段末

主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实，后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。

③主题句位于段落的中间

主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间，但不一定就在正中间。有时，第一句并非主题句，而是承上启下的过渡

句。在这种情况下，第二句便成了主题句。此外，主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。

例1

TheSilkRoadisthenameofdifferentroadsthatlongagoconnectedEurope,AfricaandAsia.Peoplereached

thesedifferentplacesalongtheseroads.ScientistsbelievepeoplebegantotraveltheSilkRoadabout3000years

ago.BythetimetheChinesesilktradebecameimportantintheworld,theSilkRoadcoveredalmost6500

kilometers.ItwentfromRometoChina,whichisfromtheWesttotheFarEast.

MerchantstravelledalongtheSilkRoadtocarrysilk,ofcourse.Theyalsocarriedandtradedotherthingslike

spices（香料）,cloth,jewelsandgold.

Alongandaroundtheseancientpaths（小路）,havecomemanyfascinatingandmysteriousstories.

ItissaidthatRomansoldierswholostawartravelledthroughcentralAsia.Theydecidedtolivesomewhere

neartheancientChinesevillages.SomeoftheseRomansmarriedlocalChinesewomenandthelegendofthe

blond-haired,blue-eyedtribesofChinawasstarted.

SomehistoriansbelievethatthepeopleofKashmirweretakenawayfromtheircountryIsrael.Theywere

prisoners（俘虏）ofwaralmost2800yearsago.PeoplesaythatthesepeopletravelledalongtheSilkRoad.They

kepttheirJewishwayoflifeforalongtime.

Duringitsbusiestperiod,theSilkRoadallowedpeoplefrommanydifferentculturesandcountriestomeet

eachotherandmix.TheSilkRoadallowedthesharingofvaluablethingsandnewideas.Itincludedpeopleand

tradinggoodsfromdifferentareas.AllthesepeoplestravelledtheSilkRoad,andtheysharedgoods,stories,

languages,andcultures.

Inmoderntimes,theoldSilkRoadroutes（路线）arestillused,butnowtheyarecrossedbytrainsinsteadof

camelsandhorses.ThereisevenaSilkRouteMuseuminJiuquaninChina.Ithasover35,000objectsfromall

alongtheSilkRoad.Inthisway,Chinaprotectsthehistoryofmanycountriesandpeoples.

Litisclearthat.

A.theSilkRoadwasdividedintoEurope,AfricaandAsia

B.RomansoldierswouldliketotravelalongtheSilkRoad

C.peoplecouldtraveltodifferentcountriesalongtheSilkRoad

2.Theunderlinedword"Merchants^inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.foreignersB.businessmenC.soldiers

3.Accordingtothepassage,.

A.theSilkRoadbeganwiththewars

B.theSilkRoadcoveredalmost6500kilometersinChina

C.peoplebegantotraveltheSilkRoadabout3000yearsago

4.TheoldSilkRoadroutesarestillusedbecause,

A.peoplecankeepontravellingandtradingalongthem

B.thehistoriansandscientiststhinkhighlyofthem

C.ChinawillmakegooduseoftheSilkRoadagain

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe.

A.StoriesalongtheSilkRoad

B.SilkRouteMuseum

C.TradeforSilk

例2

Whatisthedifferencebetweenafear（害怕）andaphobia?Youmighthaveafearofdogsifyouhaveeverbeen

bittenbyone.However,ifyouavoidwalkingdownstreetswhereyouthinktheremightbeadog,youmayhavea

phobia,whichisastrongunnaturalfear.Ifthefearhasstartedtochangeaperson'slife,heorsheprobablyhasa

phobia.Differentsurveyssaythatbetween10and80percentofushaveatleastonephobia.

Youcanprobablyguesswhatsomeofthemosf'popular^phobiasare.Flyingmaybethesafestwaytotravel,

butmanypeoplearescaredofdoingit.Fearofheightsisalsoverycommon.Forexample,Spider-ManactorTobey

Maquirecan'tstandhighplaces.However,Tobeyisnotafraidofspidersthatmostpeopleareafraidof.Rupert

Grint,whoplaysintheHarryPottermovies,isinfearofspiders.'Tnonesceneofthemovie,wecomeintothelarge

spider'shole,andtherewemeetaspiderthatisthesizeofanelephantandreallyscarybecausehehasthesehairs.

I'mreallyscaredofspiders,?,hesaid.

.Forexample,catsareverycuteformostofus,butnotforsuchpowerfulpeopleinhistoryas

AlexandertheGreatandNapoleanBonaparte.ActorNicoleKidmansaysJI'mnotscaredofsnakesorspiders,but

I'mscaredofbutterflies.SometimeswhenIcamehomefromschool,thebiggestbutterflyyouhadeverseenwould

bejustsittingonourfrontgate.Iwouldclimboverthefence,moveslowlytothesideofthehouse,ordoanything

toavoidhavingtogothroughthefrontgate."Clowns（小丑）arenotsofunnyfbractorJohnnyDepp,whose

childhoodmemoryofthe46paintedfacesandfakesmiles^stillmakeshimscared.Someotherweirdf怪诞的）phobias,

includingchewinggum,olddoorsorwindowsandfootsteps,alsofearsomefamouspersons,suchasOrahWinfred,

BillyBobandSigmundFred.

1.RupertGrintwhoactedinHarryPotterisscaredof.

A.dogsB.snakesC.spiders

2.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorscanbeaphobiaforthesepersons?

A.Cathydislikeskeepingapetcatathome.

B.Dorisshoutscrazilywheneverhearingfootstepsatnight.

C.Lindafeelsverytiredclimbingthemountains.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestfor""inParagraph3?

A.Somepeoplehavephobiasthataremoreunusual

B.Noresearchhasbeenreportedwhatcausesthephobias

C.Doctorssaythatmostphobiascanbetreatedsuccessfully

4.Wecaninfer（推断）fromthepassagethat.

A.peoplearebomwithphobias

B.phobiasarecommoninourdailylife

C.famouspeopleareeasiertogetphobias

四、推理判断题

1.题型特点

推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案,

而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者

的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种

类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或

句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推

理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。

2.推理判断题主要的设问方式

©Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...

©Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnaccordingtothepassage?

③Thewritersuggeststhat...

④Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat...

⑤What'sthewriter'sattitudetoward...?

⑥What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthepassage?

©Fromthepassage,weknow...

⑧Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...

3.推理判断题的解题技巧

中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试

题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识，对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑

关系，从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，必须根据原

文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题，通常应注意以下两点：

⑴特别留心特定细节

所谓“特定细节”，就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。它一般包括事实根据、名字（人物或地点）、

数字（日期或统计数字）、关键词语的其他表达方法（同义词、近义词、反义词）等。

（2）注意作者的语气和态度

作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和

副词，特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度（肯定或否定，赞成

或反对，褒扬或讽刺，喜好或厌恶等）;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气（郑重其事还是轻

松活泼，实事求是还是夸大其词，真挚热诚还是冷嘲热讽等）。

例1

InParis,onefreezingwinterevening,!washavingdinnerwithmyfriend,Mr.Dupin,thefamousdetective.We

hadjustfinishedourmeal,whentherewasaloudknockingatthedoor.Dupinopenedit.TherestoodMr.Germain,the

chief（警长）oftheParisPolice.

Wewelcomedhimwarmly,forhewasanoldacquainiance（熟人）whomwehadn'tseenforalongtime.

“Ineedyourassistance.^saidGermain.44!metacase（案件）thathasbeengivingmeagreatdealoftrouble.,,4it

isverysimplebutverystrange.^^

“Also,pleasekeepthissecret.IfanyonefoundoutthatItoldyouthis,Iwouldcertainlylosemyjob.^^

“Well,then,"saidtheChie£”Ihavelearnedthataveryimportantletterhasbeenstolenfromtheking.Weare

surewhostoleitandthattheletterisinhishouse.”

“Butwhowoulddaredosuchathing!5*!cried.

“Thethief,“saidGermainsoftly,t6isamanwhodaresdomanydangerousthings.Heisoneofthemostpowerful

andimportantministersinthegovemment.HeisMinisterDanton!,9

“Haveyousearchedhishouse?^^

“Alotoftimes.WhileMinisterDantonwasout,alotofwell-trainedpoliceofficerscarefullysearchedthe

entirehouse,roombyroom.Infact,weexaminedeverythinginthehousebutfoundnothing."...

Amonthlater,DupinaskedGermainandmetohishouse.Therehetookoutaletterandhandedittothe

Chief.Wewerebothverysurprised.

Dupinexplained,knowMinisterDantonverywell.Hecouldnothidetheletterinanyoftheusualhiding

places.Irealizedthathemighthavelefttheletteroutintheopen,rightundereveryone'snose,wherenoonewould

searchfbrit.”

“ThenIvisitedhimwithmydarkglassesontohelpmeobserve（观察）better.Whilewewerechatting,a

dirty,tornletterintheletterholdersuddenlycaughtmyeyes-unusualfbrtheMinister,whoiscarefulandneat.”

“Iwassureitwastheletter.,,

“ThenIpurposelyleftmyglovesbehindsoIcouldcomebackagain.^^

“Thenextmorning,!hiredamantofireagunonthestreet.WhiletheMinisterwenttoseewhathappened,!

stoletheletterbyreplacingitwithasimilarone.^OnitDupinwrotethesewords:

Yourplanwasgood,butminewasbetter.

Asyoucansee,Itooktheletter.

一BasedonastorybyEdgarAllanPoe

1.Theunderlinedword"assistance^inthethirdparagraphprobablymeanshere.

A.hobbyB.helpC.habit

2.Whoisthebestatsolvingdifficultcasesaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriter.B.Mr.Germain.C.Mr.Dupin.

3.DupindidallthefollowingthingstohelpgettheletterbackEXCEPT.

A.wearinghisdarkglasseswhenvisitingDanton'shouse

B.leavinghisglovespurposelybehindinDanton'shouse

C.writingsomewordsontheletterheputintotheletterholder

4.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

A.DupinandDantonarealsoacquaintances

B.Dupinandthewriterarebothdetectives

C.Dantonandthewriterarenewfriends

例2

Doyouknowwhatyou'dliketobewhenyougrowup?Ittakesmostpeoplemanyyearstofindthisout.For

theyoungartistAlexandraNechita,itneverreallyseemedtobeaquestion.Fromthedayshebegandrawingatthe

ageoftwo,shewasanartist.

AlexandraNechitawasborninRomaniain1985andmovedtoCaliforniawhenshewasstillababy.Asalittle

child,shelovedcolouringinhercolouringbooks.Herparentshopedshecouldspendmoretimeplayingwithother

children,sotheytookawayhercolouringbooks.Alexandrabegandrawingherownpicturesandcolouringthemin.

BythetimeAlexandrawassevenyearsold,shehadbegunpaintingwithoilpaints.WhenAlexandratooka

localartclass,herteacherwasamazedattheyoungartist'sunusualstyleofpainting.Alexandra'sworkwassimilar

insomewaystothepaintingsbyfamousartistslikePicasso.Theseartistsdidnotusearealisticstyleofpainting.

Theyallowedtheirimaginationstoplayanimportantpartintheirwork.Theinterestingthingwasthatlittle

Alexandrahadneverseentheworkoftheseartists.Peoplecalledher“LittlePicasso,,.Thiswasagreathonour,but

Alexandra'sstyleofpaintingwasallherown.

Alexandra'sfirstpublicshowwasheldataLosAngelespubliclibrarywhenshewasonlyeightyearsold.

PeoplewereamazedathowyoungAlexandrawas,butmostlytheylovedherimaginativeartwork.Itdidnottake

longforAlexandraandherworktobecomefamous.Sheappearedontelevis