20192020译林英语必修四新突破讲义UNIT3SECTIONⅣLANGUAGEPOINTS

SectionⅣLanguagepoints(Ⅱ)(Wordpower，Grammarandusage&Task)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1．Thefunction(功能)oftheheartistosendbloodroundthebody.2．Iconstantlyconductmarketresearchtomonitor(监视)ourcompetitors.3．Ifyouaddtoomuchliquid(液体)，themixturewillnotbethickenough.4．Idon'twanttoaccuseheroftellinglies，butIwon'tforgiveher.5．Thesoundofthecheeringfadedinthedistance.6．Researchandteachingareofequalimportance．Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1．electricadj.电的，电动的→electricaladj.与电有关的→electricityn．电2．editv．编辑→editionn．版次，版本→editorn．编辑3．constantadj.连续发生的，不断的；恒定的→constantlyadv.经常地，不断地4．importantadj.重要的→importancen．重要性Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1．setup 开办，建立2．endin 以……结束3．makethemostof 充分利用4．lastbutnotleast 最后但同样重要5．workout 计算出，了解，理解6．fadeaway 衰弱，消失7．makefunof 取笑，嘲弄Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1．Theyarepreparingthemselvestosetupacompanytoselltheirproducts.2．Asnewspeciesevolvetofitever­changingenvironment，olderspeciesfadeaway．3．Don'tmakefunofhimandyoushouldhelphim.4．Wehaven'tworkedoutthismathproblemyet.5．Weshouldmakethemostofthefineweather.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Hemanagedtokeepfruitandvegetablesfreshforthreeweeks...他设法将水果和蔬菜保鲜达三个星期……keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语Ifyourhandsarecold，keeptheminyourpockets.如果你觉得手冷，就把它们放在口袋里。2.Thiscouldbeofgreatbenefittopeopleandwillberesearchedfurther.这会对人们有益并将进一步研究。“beof＋抽象名词”Theorywithoutpracticeisoflittlehelp.没有实践的理论是没有什么帮助的。3.Inmyopinion，itisabouttimewehadnewcomputers.在我看来，我们应该有新的电脑了。Itistime(that)．..句型中用过去时或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气Obviously，it's(high)timethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.很明显，我们现在应该采取一些措施来解决这个问题了。endin...以……结束(告终)，以……结尾(教材P46)Duringthefirstfewyears，thecompanydidnotmakeaprofitandJeffBezosthoughtthathiseffortswouldendinfailure.前几年里，公司没有盈利，JeffBezos认为他的努力将以失败告终。endup 结果为……，以……而告终(尤指意 料之外的)endup(in)doing 以……结束endupwith 以……结束endup＋adj. 以……状况而告终endupas 最后成了，最后是①ThewordI'mthinkingofendsin“­ous”．我想到的这个词以­ous结尾。②AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist，anditstoppedworkingaltogether.最后我用拳头击打电视机，结果它完全停止工作了。③Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon­dioxideheadache.你最终可能会患上宇航员所称的二氧化碳头疼症。electricadj.电的，电动的(教材P49)TheElectricWearCompanyhasdevelopedanewsmartjacketthisyear.电子服装公司今年已经开发出一款新颖的时髦夹克。(1)electricaladj. 有关于电的(2)electronicadj. 电子的(3)electricityn. 电(4)electricalequipment 电气设备①Thefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidentialrooms：electricblankets，hairdryers，personalcomputers，radios，televisionsandDVDplayers.住宿房间里可以准许使用下列物品：电热毯、吹风机、个人电脑、收音机、电视机和DVD播放器。②Thefirewascausedbyanelectrical(electricity)fault.大火是电力故障引起的。③Whatwouldhappeniftherewerenoelectricity(electric)?如果没有电会怎么样呢？[明辨异同]electric，electrical，electronicelectric指以电为动力进行工作的(装置)electrical指关于电的知识或电的研究内容electronic指与电子有关的，电子器件的，电子设备的electric，electrical，electronic④Thecookerisn'tworkingbecauseofanelectricalfault.⑤Withthiselectricblanket，thegrandpawon'tfeelcoldinwinter.⑥Ineedanelectroniccalculatortoworkoutthismathproblem.accusevt.控诉，控告；谴责(教材P51)MusicindustryaccusesFanningofpiracy音乐行业控告范宁盗版(1)accusesb.of(doing)sth. 指控某人(干)某事(2)chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(干)某事(3)blamesb.forsth. 因某事责备某人blamesth.onsb. 把某事归咎于某人betoblamefor (对坏事)负有责任①WesternleadersaccuseRussiaofsupportingtheserebelswithtroopsandweapons.西方领导人控告俄罗斯给这些反叛分子提供武器和军队。②Hewaschargedwithstealing(steal)thejewels.他被控告偷窃珠宝。③Notyoubuthewillbetoblameforit.不是你而是他将为这件事受到责备。[明辨异同]accuse，chargeaccuse指当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法律，通常表示直接而严厉地指出某人的过错，常与介词of连用。charge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉，常与with连用。accuse，charge④Thepolicearegoingtochargehimwithmurder.⑤Thesoldierwasaccusedofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.concentrateon...集中精力于……；全神贯注于……(教材P51)Heleftuniversityinordertoconcentrateontheproject.为了潜心研究这个项目，他大学辍学了。“集中精力于/致力于……”的表达方法：concentrateone'senergy/mind/attentionon...focuson...fixone'smind/attentionon...putone'sheartinto...devoteoneselfto...applyone'smindtodoingsth.①You'dbetterhaveagoodrestifyoucan'tconcentrateonyourstudy.当你不能集中精力学习时，你最好休息一下。②Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。③Shedevotedherselftohercareer.她全力倾注于自己的事业。fadevi.逐渐消失；(使)变淡；走下坡路，衰落(教材P51)In2001Fanning'sdreamfinallybegantofade.在2001年，范宁的梦想终于开始破灭了。fadeaway (人)衰弱；病重死亡；逐渐消失fadein (使画面)淡入；(使声音)渐强fadeout (使画面)淡出；(使声音)渐弱①Thecolourfadeswhenexposedtolight.这个颜色曝光后会褪色。②She'sfadingawaydaybydaybecauseofillness.由于疾病，她的身体日渐衰弱。③Heslidacontroltofadeoutthemusic.他滑动控制器，让音乐的声音渐渐减弱。functionvi.起作用，正常运转n．作用，功能；职能(教材P53)Also，weneedtobuynewkeyboards，mousesandmonitors，becausemanyofthekeyboardshavelettersmissingandsomemousesandmonitorsarenotfunctioningproperly.我们还需要买新的键盘、鼠标和显示器，因为很多键盘残缺不全，一些鼠标和显示器也不能正常使用。performafunction 发挥功能，起作用functionas 起……作用；具有……功能functionwell 正常运作，发挥得好①Hecomplainedtousthatthisprinterdidn'tfunctionatall.他向我们抱怨这台打印机根本不能用。②Theseservicesarereusedandperformabusinessfunction.这些服务被重新使用并执行业务功能。③Thefarmfunctionsasaskiresortinwinter.那个农场在冬天可作为滑雪胜地。(教材P49)Hemanagedtokeepfruitandvegetablesfreshforthreeweeksusingonlytwoclaypotsandsomewetsand.只用了两个陶土罐和一些湿沙子他就将水果和蔬菜保鲜达三个星期。【要点提炼】句中谓语managed后接不定式(tokeepfruitandvegetablesfreshforthreeweeksusingonlytwoclaypotsandsomewetsand)作宾语，该不定式中keep为实义动词，后接复合宾语(宾语fruitandvegetables＋宾语补足语fresh)。“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”表示“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。(1)keep＋宾语＋形容词(2)keep＋宾语＋现在分词，“使……一直处于某种状态”，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系。(3)keep＋宾语＋过去分词，“使……被怎么样或处于某种状态”，宾语与宾补之间为被动关系。(4)keep＋宾语＋介词短语①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.设定目标时你必须要记住这些要点。②Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.专注于健身对科学和未来都有重大意义，因为它是每个宇航员身体健康的保证。③Tofinishtheworkintime，wekeptthemachinerunning(run)allthetime.为了及时完工，我们让这台机器一直不停工作。④Thebossorderedustokeephiminformed(inform)ofthefreshdevelopments.老板让我们随时告诉他最新的进展。(教材P53)Inmyopinion，itisabouttimewehadnewcomputers.在我看来，我们应该有新的电脑了。【要点提炼】It's(high/about)time(that)．..是常用句型，意为“(早)该……了”。从句中的谓语常用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should一般不省略。(1)Itistime(forsb.)todosth. 到了(某人)做某事的时间了Itistimeforsth. 该做某事了(2)It/This/Thatis/was＋thefirst/second...time(that)某人第几次做……(当前面be动词是is或willbe时，后面从句用现在完成时；当前面be动词是was时，后面从句用过去完成时。)①It'stimeforustogetup，orwe'llbelateforwork.我们该起床了，要不然上班就要迟到了。②Theteachercriticizedhim，becauseitwasthesecondtimethathehadmade(make)thesamemistake.老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。③It'shightimewestopped/shouldstop(stop)treatinghimlikeachild.我们不该再把他当小孩子看待了。④ItisthesecondtimethatIhaveseen(see)thisfilm.这是我第二次看这部电影。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired(tire)．2．Hisplanendedintotalfailure.3．Ifyoudon'tunderstandeverythingthetapesays,justconcentrateonthewordsyoucanundersta