考研英语名词从句练习及答案解析

名词从句专项训练1.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.句子主干：Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,...orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.译文：测试的结果是在有价值的、无意义的、还是误导的，部分取决于这种工具本身，但主要取决于测试使用者。2.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.

句子主干：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriateness...译文：这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。3.Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.句子主干：Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethod译文：标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法，这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能，或者他是属于哪一类型的人。Somephilosophers

argue

that

rights

exist

only

within

a

social

contract，as

part

of

an

exchange

ofduties

and

entitlements.句子主干：Somephilosophers

argue

that

...译文：有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。5.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.句子主干：Thistrendbegan...译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。6.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.句子主干：Itcanbepredictedthat译文：然而，人们可以预见，往往会出现一些问题要求科学做出具体的回答。7.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.句子主干：Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidenceanduponsuchfactors译文：在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。8.It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes

at

the

outset:it

invites

youto

think

thatanimals

should

betreated

either

with

the

consideration

humans

extend

to

otherhumans，or

with

no

considerationat

all.句子主干：It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。9.Arguing

from

the

view

that

humans

are

different

from

animals

inevery

relevant

respect，extremists

of

this

kind

think

that

animals

lie

outside

the

area

ofmoral

choice.句子主干：...extremists

of

this

kind

think...译文：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。10.Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.

句子主干：...itwasthefarthestthat...译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。11.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected.句子主干：Thatwasjustaboutthemoment...；Whattheresearchersfoundwasbothamazingandexpected.译文：那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员发现的宇宙云既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的。12.TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBang(thetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy).句子主干：TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidence...译文：美国国家航空航天局的宇宙背景探测者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据，证明宇宙确实起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”（此理论认为宇宙起源于一大块能量）。13.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.句子主干：...eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanew...译文：由于受时间和地点的限制，每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对其有重要价值。14.Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.句子主干：Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthat...译文：实际从事历史研究的人总是知道，他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的探索过程添砖加瓦，这就使其工作颇具讽刺意味。15.

Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.句子主干：Thereisnoagreement译文：所谓方法论究竟是指一般的历史研究研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。16.Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.句子主干：Governmentsactontheassumption译文：世界各国政府都认为，人民的幸福主要依赖于社会的经济实力和财富17.

Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.句子主干：...itisobviousthatandthat...译文：再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinsgroupstostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.句子主干：

Italsomeansthat...译文：这就意味着，各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用。19.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.句子主干：therearestillnoforecasts译文：然而，仍然不能预报快于光速的旅行何时到来，或何时将完成克隆人，或何时可以实现或何时可以实现遨游过去或将来的时间旅行。What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow

todevelop

the

science

from

which

such

a

technologymight

be

drawn.句子主干：What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow...译文：我们所需要的是一种行为技术，但是可能产生这种技术的科学一直发展缓慢。One

difficulty

is

that

almost

allof

what

is

called

behavioral

science

continues

to

trace

behaviorto

states

of

mind,

feelings,traits

of

character,

human

nature,

and

so

on.

Physics

and

biology

oncefollowed

similar

practicesand

advanced

only

when

they

discarded

them.句子主干：One

difficulty

is

that...；Physics

and

biology

followed

similar

practicesand

advanced...

译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学一度模仿类似的做法并且只有当它们抛弃这些做法后才得到发展。Therefore,

it

is

important

to

study

humans

in

all

their

richness

anddiversity

in

a

calm

andsystematic

manner,

with

the

hope

that

the

knowledge

resulting

from

suchstudies

can

lead

humans

to

a

more

harmonious

way

of

living

with

themselves

and

with

all

other

lifeformson

this

planet

Earth.句子主干：...it

is

important

to

study

humans译文：因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的广泛性与多样性进行研究是至关重要的，我们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间，以及人与地球上的所有其它物种更加和谐共存。But

the

idea

that

the

journalist

must

understand

the

law

more

profoundly

than

an

ordinary

citizen

rests

on

an

understanding

of

the

established

conventions

and

special

responsibilities

ofthe

news

media.句子主干：...the

idearests

on

an

understanding...译文：但是记者必须比普通市民更深刻地理解法律的观点是基于对新闻媒体既定的规则和特定的责任的理解。Implicit

within

Tylor's

definition

is

the

concept

that

culture

is

learned.shared,

and

patterned

behavior.句子主干：...the

concept

isimplicit

within

Tylor's

definition译文：泰勒关于文化的定义暗示出这样一个概念，即文化是后天习得的、与他人共享的和形成固定模式的行为。Being

interested

in

the

relationship

of

language

and

thought,

Whorf

developed

the

idea

thatthe

structure

of

language

determines

the

structure

of

habitual

thought

in

a

society.

句子主干：...Whorf

developed

the

idea...译文：Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。26.Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck.句子主干：...computerscouldpickup译文：通过直接与我们的神经系统相连接，电脑能够料及到我们的感情并且有望模拟我们的情感，这样我们就能着手开发完全传感的环境，类似于电影“全面回顾”中的度假或“星球旅行”中的全息甲板。”Whorf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism

which,

in

its

strongest

form,

statesthat

language

imprisons

themind,

and

that

the

grammatical

patterns

in

a

language

can

producefar-reachingconsequences

for

the

culture

of

a

society.

句子主干：Whorf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism...译文：Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。28.Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvive,inafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyE