2022-2023年湖南省株洲市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年湖南省株洲市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Raidersmissedthegeneticallymodifiedvarietiesbecauseofthe______ofsuchplants.

2.

Inone's60sand70s,peopleshouldstrengthenfunctionalfitnesswhichadaptstheirworkoutstoward______.

3.

AccordingtoAnnieStevens,manynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobbecausetheycannotgetalongwiththeircoworkers.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Somefamouscompaniesaredesigningsomestorestodisplaytheirproducts,hopingthatpeoplewill______.

5.

LaterinlifeNixonwasoftenproudofhiselementaryschoolteacherMissGeorgebecausesheheldthathehadaphotographicmind.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Formanypeople,thebiggestchallengeintheworkplacewouldbeinteractingefficientlywithothers.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Somehurricanes,whenformedwillmoveinthesamedirection;

8.

Flyingbridgemeansagoodcommunicationstyle.thatmadethescientificarticleseasytoberead.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Shoppersshopforproductsandservicesacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld,theyuse______,usingacomputer.

10.

Chestpainiscausedbyoverwork.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.TheGreenCampus

Ifyouattendedthisyear'scommencement(毕业典礼)atWilliamsCollegeinwesternMassachusetts,youprobablysampledthefreshfoodmadefromlocallyproduced,hormone-freemilk.Youmighthavetriedtheorganicgreenswithediblecabbageblossomsorsampledthefreshasparagus(芦笋)allfromnearbyfarms.Thesedishesnotonlytastedbetterthanstandardonesbutalsosavedfossilfuelsnormallyusedtoshipfoodlongdistances.Disposableplatesandcutlerywerenowheretobefound,reducingtrashby80percent.Andtheraredisposableitemswereeco-friendly."Weusedcompostablepaper'napkinsandbiodegradablestraws,"saysStephanieBoyd,whohelpedorganizethe"greencommencement"aspartofherjobaschairofWilliams'sclimate-actioncommittee.

Itwasnotonlyaimedtoimpressparents.Moreandmorecollegesaregettingseriousaboutgoinggreen.InJune,284universitypresidentsrepresentingsomeofthenation'smostinfluentialschoolsannouncedanagreementpledgingtomaketheircampuses"carbonneutral".Themessagewasclear."We'resayingthatsustainabilityisnolongeranelective,"saysCornellpresidentDavidSkorton.Theirmotivationwasn'tmerelytoreduceenergyconsumptionandwaste.Asa$315billionsectoroftheeconomy--andonethatwilltrainfutureleaders--highereducationhasaspecialresponsibilitytoencourageenvironmentalstewardship.Theuniversitypresidentshopethatevenstudentswhodon'tpursueincreasinglypopularmajorsinenvironmentalstudieswilllearnsimplyfrombeingonagreencampus,livingingreenbuildings,eatingsustainablefoodandabsorbingeverydaymessagesofconservation.Andwhoknows?Far-reachingenvironmentalprogramsmaycreateanairofexcitementthatattractsapplicants."Inthelongrun,studentswillsay,whywouldIwanttogotoaschoolthatdoesn'tcareaboutthis?"saysMichaelCrow,presidentofArizonaStateUniversity,whichhas.madeamajorcommitmenttosustainability.

AtHarvard,goinggreenstartsbeforestudentsevenarriveoncampus,whenfreshmenreceivemailingsurgingthemtobuyonlyenergy-efficientrefrigeratorsfortheirdormroomsandpurchasecompactfluorescent(发荧光的)bulbs,whichuseanaverageof18Wattsapieceinsteadof75.Butsomeofthemosteffectivelobbyingcomesfromstudentsthemselves.Harvardpays20undergraduatestohelpgetthegreenmessageouttofellowstudentsinafunway.ThatmightmeanwhippingupacompetitionbetweenresidentialhousestowinthecovetedGreenCupforthegreatestenergyreductionsandbiggestincreasesinrecycling.Oritcouldbeorganizingtrash-freedancesorgreenmovienights("WhoKilledtheElectricCar?")withfreeicecreamforanyonewhobringsarecyclablebowl.Onedayayear,studentscollecttrashfromHarvardYardandpileitintoasingleheap,called"MountTrashmore".Thegiantmound(垛)remindsstudentshowmuchtheyarethrowingawayandhowmuchwastetheycouldavoidbyrecycling.Studentsevencompetetocomeupwiththebestecothemedcartoons.Thisyear'ssecond-placewinnershowedMarilynMonroewithhericonicbillowingskirtunderthecaptionwinddoesgreatthings.Thefunaddsuptoserioussavings."Energyuseinthedormshasdecreased15percentoverthepastfewyears,andrecyclinghasrisen40percent,"saysLeithSharp,headoftheHarvardGreenCampusInitiative.

Atmanyschools,theconstructionofanewbuildingisanotherchancetopushgreensolutions."Whatmessagedoesaconventionalcampussend?"asksDavidOrr,whoteachesenvironmentalstudiesatOberlin."Itsendsthemessagethatenergyischeapandplentiful."AtOberlinandothercolleges,administratorsareseekingtoreversethatmessagewithenergy-efficientbuildings.TheLewisCenteratOberlin,openedin2000,wasoneofthefirsts.It'spoweredentirelybysolararrays,whichproduce30percentmor

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Humanreproductiondependsonarangeofactivitiesandeventsand______.

13.

NGVsaren'tasroomyasgasolinecarsbecausetheyhavetogiveupcargoandtrunkspacetoaccommodatethe______.

14.

OneoftheeducationalactivitiesinEastHarlemHealthyHeartProgramis______.

15.

Fullerwon______in1954forhisachievementinthe42-footcardboardshelter.

16.

Peoplefacingchallengesareunlikelytoachievecreativeideas.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Whyaresleddogssaidtobephysicalwonders?

A.Becausetheyareraisedbywolves.

B.Becausetheycanstandmostsevereweather.

C.BecausetheyarefastestrunneramongArcticanimals.

D.Becausetheycanbeargoodslikehorsesdo.

18.

Sneezingwillintensifythesymptomofinflammatoryheadachesbecauseitwillenlarge______.

19.

Criticalthinking,makingconnectionsbetweenideasandknowinghowtokeeponlearningarewhattheeducatorscallas______.

A.balanceB.toreknowledgeC.portableskillsD.curriculum

20.

AvarietyofgasestrappedintheEarth'satmospherecanensurelifeonEarthbecausetheyare______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:There'sBillonhismotorcycle.Didhetakeittothegaragetogetfixed?

W:Don'tbesilly.Thatwouldhavebeenawasteofmoney.Itonlyhadaflattire.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(19)

A.Billwassillytohavewastedhismoney.

B.Billpaidtohavehismotorcyclefixed.

C.Billnowworksinagarage.

D.Billrepairedithimself.

22.(45)

23.

【B8】

24.

【B2】

25.(18)

A.Attendingtheparty.

B.Visitingsomefriends.

C.Studyingforanexam.

D.Writingaletterofapology.

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Lookingtoimproveyourlanguageskills,butyoudon'thavethetimetogooverseastoattendschool?Moreandmoreuniversitiesaroundtheworldareofferingopportunitiesforstudentstoobtaindegreesonline(distanceeducation)fromthecomfortoftheirownhomes,andmanyoftheseinstitutionsareaccredited,meaningthattheyhavemetcertainstandardsofexcellence.

(26)Ifyoudecidetotakelanguagecoursesonline,oranyothersubject,besuretoevaluatethebenefitsofstudyingonlineversusgoingabroad.Theadvantagesofstudyingonlinearethat(27)thecostsareusuallylower,youcanstudyatyourownpace,andyouhaveaccesstothematerials24-hour-a-dayfromalmostanycomputerintheworld.However,youwon'tgetthehumaninteractionofmeetingpeopletofacetofacelikeyouwouldifyouwerephysicallyattendingaschooloverseas.

Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.However,(28)theremaybeanumberofdisadvantagesforsomeincludingexpense,timeawayfromone'sschool,family,orworklife,andthechallengeofadaptingtoanewcultureandwayoflife.

Whateveryoudo,consideradistanceeducationprogramthatmeetsyoureducationalneeds,iswithinyourbudget,andequallyimportant,providesyouwithopportunitiestogrowbeyondtheclassroomthroughculturalandeducationalactivities.

(27)

A.Studyoverseas.

B.Distanceeducation.

C.Learninglanguages.

D.Educationprograms.

27.听力原文：Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumansbadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.

Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothem,botany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof"knowledge"atall.

Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecome,thefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryoneunconsciouslyhasanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.OurNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason.Thatwasthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationbetweenplantsandanimals.Grainsworediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.

(30)

A.Botanyisaveryancientlearning.

B.PeopleintheStoneAgeknewalotaboutplants.

C.PeopleintheStoneAgeknewlittleaboutplants.

D.Pre-industrialsocietieshavelittleinsightsaboutplants.

28.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:MayItrythisdress?Hmm，size10，please．

M:Sure!Ma'am，weonlyhavetwoofthemleft．They'reonsaletoday，andthedealwillbemadeonafirst-come．first-servedbasis．

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Hewillsendheraspecialgiftifshebuysthedress.

B.Hewillsellherthedressinlowerpriceifsheisinterested.

C.Hewillreservethedressinhersizeifshecomesagain.

D.Hewillgiveheradiscountifshecomesearliernexttime.

29.【B5】

30.(35)

A.Mountainclimbing.B.Rockclimbing.C.Hiking.D.Fishing.

31.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：[26]LastsummerIwentthroughatrainingprogramandbecamealiteracyvolunteer.ThetrainingIreceived,thoughexcellent,didnottellmehowitwastoworkwitharealstudent.WhenIbegantodiscoverwhatotherpeople'sliveswerelikebecausetheycouldnotread,Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading.

[26]MyfirststudentMariewasa44-year-oldsinglemotherofthree.Inthefirstlesson,Ifoundoutthatshewalkedtwomilestothenearestsupermarkettwiceaweekbecauseshedidn'tknowwhichbustotake.WhenItoldherIwouldgetherabusschedule,shetoldmeitwouldnothelpbecauseshecouldnotreadit.Shesaidshealsohaddifficultyonceshegottothesupermarketbecauseshecouldn'talwaysrememberwhatsheneeded.Sinceshedidnotknowwords,shecouldnotwriteoutashoppinglist.[27]Also,shecouldonlyrecognizeitemsbysight,soiftheproducthadadifferentlabel,shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted.Asweworkedtogether,[28]learninghowtoreadbuiltMarie'sself-confidence,whichencouragedhertocontinueinherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Attheendoftheprogram,shebeganhelpingheryoungestson,Tony,ashyfirstgrader,withhisreading.

Asaliteracyvolunteer,Ilearnedagreatdealaboutteachingandhelpingothers.Infact,ImayhavelearnedmorefromtheexperiencethanMariedid.

(27)

A.Sheworkedinasupermarketfortuition.

B.Shehelpedsomeonetolearntoread.

C.Shegavesinglemothersthehelpthattheyneeded.

D.Shewenttoatrainingprogramtohelpavolunteer.

32.听力原文：Paces,likefingerprints,areunique.DidyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeopleEvenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimal,suchasapigeoncanlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbybowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.

Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone'spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson,"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warmhearted,andsoon.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.AnAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18,000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortypinghispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes:peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.

Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillains'ortheheroes'role.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"comefromLatin,meaning"mask".Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys'becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.

(33)

A.Howtodistinguishpeople'sfaces.

B.Howtodescribepeople'spersonality.

C.Howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutward.

D.Howtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadpersons.

33.(43)

34.

【B5】

35.听力原文：Ifyou'vebeenoncampusforverylong,I'mcertainthatyou'vealreadyheardaboutthiscourse.Youmayknowthatlastsemesteraboutfiftypercent,oftheStudentsenrolledinmycoursefailedit.Letmeexplainhowthiscameaboutbeforeyoujumptoanyconclusions.Inthefirstplace,sincethisisacompositionclass,Iexpectmystudentstofollowcertainrulesofformality.Unfortunately,manystudentstodaydislikehavingtofollowrulesofanykind,especiallythosewhichtheymayfeeltobeunnecessary.Forexample,Iaskthateachofyourpapersbetypedandcenteredonthepapercorrectly.Icountoffpointsforvariouskindsofmistakes.Amisspelledwordwillcostyou5points.You'velost25pointsifyou'vemisspelledfivewords.Ifyouwriteanincompletesentence,you'velost10points.Ifyougivemetwocompletesentencesasonewithoutadequatepunctuation,you'velost15points.Idonotacceptlatepapers.Youwillreceiveazeroforanythemewhichyoufailtosubmitontime.Iexpectyoutoreadeachassignment.Tomakecertainthatyouhavereadtheassignment,Iwillgiveyouashortunannouncedquizfromtimetotime.ThisclassmeetsonMondays,Wednesdays,andFridays.Youwillhaveatotalofsixmajorteststhroughoutthesemester.Yourfinalgradewillhebasedonanaverageofthesemajortests,thepoptests,andeightwrittenthemes.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsatanytime,youcanseemeonTuesdays.Myofficeisonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.YourassignmentforWednesdayistoreadHemingway'sshortstoryonpage55.Fridaywillbethelastclassdayofthisweek,soyoucanexpecttowriteashortin-classthemeformethen.That'sallfortoday,I'llseeyouonWednesday.

(30)

A.10points.B.2points.C.15points:D.5points.

36.(26)

A.Confident.B.Shocked.C.Nervous.D.Reluctant.

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Fullfacetransplantsarenolongersciencefictionfantasy,aleadingsurgeonhassaid,addingthattheyaretechnicallyfeasiblebutmorallycomplex.PeterButlerfromLondon'sRoyalFreeHospitalcalledforadebateonthemoralityofsuchanoperationmadepossiblebynewdrugswhichstopthebody'simmunesystemrejectingatransplantedface."Itisnot'canwedoit?'but'shouldwedoit?',"hetoldtheBBC."Thetechnicalpartisnotcomplex,butIdon'tthinkthat'sgoingtobetheverygreatdifficulty...Themoraldebateisobviouslygoingtohavetotakeplacebeforethefirstfacialtransplantation."

TheBritishAssociationofPlasticSurgeonswilldiscussthemicrosurgicalprocedure,whichcouldgivenewskin,bone,nose,chill,lipsandearsfromdiseaseddonorstopatientsdisfiguredbyaccidents,burnsorcancer.Butsurgeonscouldhavetroublefindingenoughwillingdonors.Butlersaidhissurveyofdoctors,nursesandmembersofthepublicshowedmostwouldacceptafacetransplantbutfewwerewillingtodonatetheirownafterdying.

Despiteanumberofmoralconcerns,ChristinePiff,whofoundedthecharityLet'sFaceItaftersufferingararefacialcancer25yearsago,welcomedthepossibilityofface-transplants.Sherejectedtheideathattheprocedurewouldmeanpeoplewouldenduplivingwithadeadperson'sface."Therearesomanypeoplewithoutfaces,Ihavehalfaface..,butweareallsomuchmorethanjustaface...youdon'ttakeontheirpersonality.Youarestillyou,"shetoldreporters."Ifwecandonateotherorgansofthebody,thenwhynottheface?Ican'tseeanythingwrongwithit."

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.Whatmakestheoperationoffacetransplantpossible?

27.Whatisthebiggestobstaclethatstaysinthewayoffacialtransplantation?

28.Whataremostpeople'sopinionoffacetransplant?

(27)

A.Newdrugs.

B.Settleddebate.

C.Skillfulsurgeons.

D.Advancedequipment.

38.

【B3】

39.(17)

A.Ithascometoahalt.

B.Itwillprobablycontinue.

C.Itwillendbeforelong,

D.Itwilllastfortwoweeks.

40.【B9】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtothepassage,the"hierarchical"theoryofgalaxyformationsuggeststhatbig,brightgalaxiesformedas______.

42.

【C3】

43.

Themostimportantcharacterexclusivetohumanbeingsis______.

A.humorB.courageC.determinationD.initiative

44.

InEnglandacandleisusedtoburnatauctionsales______.

A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

45.WhatprocedurewillbeadoptedbyHarvardtorecruitfreshmenthisyear?

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

TwocitiesthatlayattheedgeoftheMediterraneanmorethan1.200yearsago,HerakleionandEasternCanopus.disappearedsuddenly,swallowedbythesea.Now,aninternationalteamofscientistsmayhavefiguredoutthemysteryofwhyithappened.

Theresearchershaveconcludedthatthetwocitiescollapsedwhenthelandtheywerebuiltonsuddenlyliquefied(液化).

Untilrecently,theonlyevidencethattheyexistedcamefromGreekmythologyandthewritingsofancienthistorians.Then,duringexpeditionsin1999and2000.ateamofFrenchmarinearchaeologistsheadedbyFranckGoddiofoundtheruins--almostcompletelyintact--buriedontheseaflooroftheAbuQirBayinEgypt.

Sincethen,therehasbeenmuchspeculation(猜测)aboutwhythecitiesdisappearedsosuddenly.Earthquakes,subsistence(生存)conditions,andariseinsealevelhaveallbeensuggestedaspossibilities.

"Therearenowrittendocumentsonhow.When,orwhythesetwocitieswentdown,"saidJean-DanielStanley,ageoarchaeologistwiththeSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington.D.C.

StanleyandhiscolleaguesattheInstituteEuropeend'ArcheologieSans-MarineinParis(theEuropeanInstituteofMarineArchaeology)arguethatamajorfloodoftheNileinthemiddleoftheeighthcenturyA.D.wastoblame.Theflood,theysay,triggeredthesinkingofEasternCanopusandHerakleionbyturningthegroundbeneaththecitiesintoliquefiedmud.

Thecollapsewassuddenandcatastrophic,saidStanley."Wecantell,"hesaid,"becauseinbothplaceswe'vefoundgoldandjewelry,which,iftherehadbeentime,peoplewouldhavetakenwiththemwhenfeeing."

HerakleionandEastCanopusoncestoodatthemouthofthenow-extinctCanopicbranchoftheNile.BuiltsometimebetweentheseventhandsixthcenturiesB.C.,asthedaysoftheEgyptianPharaohswarecomingtoanand,thecitiesflourishedasgatewaystoEgypt.

HarakleinnwasaportofentrytoEgyptandgrewwealthybycollectingtaxesongoodsbeingshippedupriver.

Frozenintimebelowthewatersweremanytemplesandstatuesofgodsandgoddesses,alsoattestingtothecities'roleasdestinationsforreligiouspilgrims.

Untiltheunderseadiscovery,historiansknewaboutthecitiesonlythroughmythandancientliterature.Menelaus,thekingofSpartaandhusbandtoHelen,overwhomtheTrojanWarwasfought,wassaidtohavestayedinHerakleionfollowingtheten-yearwaragainstTroy.

GreekmythologyholdsthatthecityofCanopuswasnamedafterMenelaus'helmsman(舵手),whowasbittenbyaviper(毒蛇)andtransformedintoagod.

TheGreekhistorianHerodotuswroteofhavingvisitedthecitiesin450B.C.

Thecities'fortunesdeclinedwhenAlexandertheGreatfoundedAlexandriain331B.C.Yetcenturieslater,GreekgeographerStrabo(63B.C.-21A.D.)describedthelocationandwealthofHerakleion,whileSeneca(5B.C.-65A.D.)condemnedthecitiesfordecadent(颓废的)andcorruptlifestyles.

Accordingtothepassage,whendidHerakleionandEasternCanopusdisappear?

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thedesireforachievementsisoneoflife'sgreatmysteries.Socialscientistshavedevotedlifetimestostudyingthedrivesthatspurusoutofbedinthemorning,compelustoworkorstudyhardandsparkallmannerofhumanendeavor.Indeed,a1992textbookactuallydocuments32distincttheoriesofhumanmotivation.

Giventhisdiversityofthought,it'seasytoforgetthatforahalfcentury,Americansocietyhasbeendominatedbythepsychologicalschoolknownasbehaviorism,orSkinnerianpsychology.Althoughbehaviorismanditsfundamentalprincipleof"positivereinforcement"havelongsincelosttheirwayinacademiccircles,theSkinnerianlegacyremainspowerfulineveryrealmoftrashout.Doit,andyoucangotothemoviesFridaynight.Notinthemoodforwork?Keeppluggingaway,andyoumightgetabonus.Notinterestincalculus?StriveforanAintheclass,andyouwillmakethehonorroll.Thetheorymaybebankrupt,butincentivesandrewardsaresomuchapartofAmericanculturethatit'shardtoimaginelifewithoutthem.

Yetthat'sexactlywhatagrowinggroupofresearchersareadvocatingtoday.Asteadystreamofresearchhasfoundthatratherthanencouraginganddiminishingperformance,"oursocietyiscaughtinawhoppingparadox,''assertsAlfieKohn,authorofthenewbookpublishedbyRewards(HoughtonMifflin),whichsurveysrecentresearchontheeffectivenessofrewards."Wecomplainloudlyaboutdecliningproductivity,thecrisisofourschoolandthedistortedvaluesofourchildren.Buttheverystrategyweusetosolvethoseproblems--damagingrewardslikeincentiveplansandgradeandcandybarsinfrontofpeople--ispartlyresponsibleforthefixwe'rein."

It'satoughargumenttomakeinaculturethatcelebratesthespoilsofsuccess.Yetstudyafterstudyshowsthatpeopletendtoperform.worse,togiveupmoreeasilyandtoloseinterestmorequicklywhenarewardisin-volved.Childrenwhoaregiventreatsfordoingartwork,forexample,losetheirinitialloveofartwithinweeks.Teenagerswhoarepromisedarewardfortutoringyoungstersdon'tteachasenthusiasticallyastutorsofferednothing.Andchiefexecutiveofficerswhohavebeenawardedlongtermincentiveplanshaveoftensteeredtheircompaniestowardlowerreturns.

Accordingtobehaviorism,wecanpromotehumanactionsbymeansof______.

A.rewardsandincentives

B.humanmotivation

C.enthusiasm

D.success

48.Whataccountsformillennials'beingsuitableforworkcreatedbythecurrenteconomy?

A.Theirdesiretopromotethemselves.

B.Theirstrongsenseoflookingafterfamilies.

C.Theirspecialskillsinrunningandmanagingfirms.

D.Theirembraceoftechskillsandinnovativeideas.

49.

Howlongcanthepaymentbeputoffwithoutbeingcharged?

50.

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-Medication

D.Self-Treatment

51.

Manycountriesareshockedtofindthat______.

A.consumingcountriesareconfrontingaseriousdrugproblem

B.drug