2022-2023年湖南省岳阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省岳阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

InAustraliaadisturbingtrendarisesthatyoungpersonsbetweentheageof15to24aretakingtheirownlivesatanalarmingrate.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Japanesemanagershaveakindofpaternalisticattitudetowardtheiremployeesbecausetheyarestrictwiththeemployeesinaparents'way.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.FlyingObjects

Itissometimesreportedthatstrangeobjectshavebeenseenhighupintheair.TheseUnidentifiedFlyingObjects(UFOs)havecausedalotofinterest.Someofthereportsaboutthemaredifficulttobelieve.Somehavebeenexplainedinscientificways.Othershaveneverbeenexplained.

Itisnoteasytodecidewhetherareportistrueornot.OnereportofanunidentifiedobjectcamefromaBritishaeroplaneonitswayfromNewYorktoLondonin1954.TheBritishmachinewasflyingoveranislandat19,000feetwhenthecaptainandothersonboardnoticedsomethingontheleftandratherlowerthantheiraeroplane.Itwasaboutfivemilesaway.

"Itbecameclear,"thecaptainsaid,"thatitwasnotoneobjectbutseveral.Wesawonelargeobjectandsixsmallerobjects.Isentoutaradioreportaboutit,andIreceivedtheanswerthatfighterplaneswerecomingouttomeetus.Beforethefighterswereinsight,thesmallerobjectsenteredthebigobject.Thebigobjectthenbecamesmallerandmovedawayfast—unbelievablyfast."

Thecaptainlateransweredalotofquestionsfromnewspapermen.

"Howlongdidyouhaveforstudyingtheobjects,CaptainHoward?"

"Theystayedwithusforaboutsixminutes."

"Whatshapeweretheobjects?".

"Thelargeonewascontinuallychangingitsshape,buteachoftilesmalleroneswasroundlikeaball."

"Whatdoyoumeanby'changingitsshape',Captain?"

"Well—atonetimethebigonehadtheshapeofatelephonereceiver,butsometimesitwasroundWhenitflewawayitseemedtoberatherlikeaverybigplateinshape."

"Tellus,CaptainHoward—err—wereyouafraid?""ItruthfullysaythatIwasn't.Noneofthepeopleintheplanefeltanyfear.Wetalkedaboutthat,andweallagreedthatinfactwefeltfriendlytowardstheobjects."

Thereareotheraccountsofflyingobjectswhichhavebeenseenfromtheairorfromtheground.AndmanyofthosewhohavetoldusaboutthemaremenlikeCaptainHoward—menofsenseandexperience,menwhosewordcanbetrusted.

DennisBardens,whowrotethebookMysteriousWorlds,tellsusthatheoncesawaUFOhimself.HehaddinneronenightwithafriendnearTripoli,Libya,andafterdinnerthetwomenwalkedacrosstohisroomtolookatsomepapers.Bardensnoticedalighthighupoverthesea.Itwasaredlight.

Heturnedtohisfriend,andmentionedthatthemoonlookedstrangethatnight.

"Itisn'tthemoon,"wasthereply.

Theywatchedthelightandsawthatitwasmoving.Itseemedtobeanobjectratherlikeabigplate.Insomewaysitlookedlikesmokewithalightonit;butitwasnotsmokebecauseitdidnotchangeitsshape.Itwasmovinginaregularway.Thatistosay,itdidnotgosuddenlyfasterormoreslowly,anditdidnotgohigherorlower.Sothetwomendecidedthattheremustbemeninit.

WhenitcamenearertoLibya,Bardenssaysthathefelteyeslookingathim.Hewasbeingwatchedinthedarkness.

Whenitwasnearer,theynoticedthatthebottompartswerebrighterthanthetop.Thebottomwasyellowandthetopred.ThentheobjectsuddenlyturnedawayandleftLibya,movingveryfast.

OnalaterdayBardenstalkedtootherpeopleaboutit,andhefoundsomewhohadseenit.Theyalldescribeditinthesameway.Couldtheyallbemistaken?

OtherpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldbelievethattheyhaveseenUFOs.Thosewhousedtolaughattheideadonotlaughsooftennow.Alotofreportsandbookshavebeenwrittenonthissubject,anditseemsimpossibletotakenonoticeofthem.Fewpeoplereallybelieveit'sUFOs,butperhapstheywillinthefuture.Letusconsideranotherofthereports.Letus

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Theauthorthinkssuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate"conveysanegativefeelinghardly______.

5.

Thethreeroyalfamilymemberswhoarementionedasmusicloversare______.

6.

OtherpeoplearelikelytoconnectUFO'swithsomethinginthewater,whichlookslikeasmallsubmarinebuttravelsmoreslowly.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Intheirlatesttestsresearchersareinvestigatingpeople'sdecisionsinthefieldsof______withchoiceblindness.

8.ProgrammingLanguages

Programminglanguagesarehowpeopletalktocomputers.Thecomputerwouldbejustashappyspeakinganylanguagethatwasunambiguous.Thereasonwehavehighlevellanguagesisbecausepeoplecan'tdealwithmachinelanguage.Thepointofprogramminglanguagesistopreventourpoorfrailhumanbrainsfrombeingoverwhelmedbyamassofdetail.

Architectsknowthatsomekindsofdesignproblemsaremorepersonalthanothers.Oneofthecleanest,mostabstractdesignproblemsisdesigningbridges.Themyourjobislargelyamatterofspanningagivendistancewiththeleastmaterial.Theotherendofthespectrumisdesigningchairs.Chairdesignershavetospendtheirtimethinkingabouthumanbodies.Softwarevariesinthesameway.Designingalgorithms(运算法则)forroutingdatathroughanetworkisanice,abstractproblem,likedesigningbridges.Whereasdesigningprogramminglanguagesislikedesigningchairs:it'sallaboutdealingwithhumanweaknesses.

Mostofushatetoacknowledgethis.Designingsystemsofgreatmathematicalelegancesoundsalotmoreappealingtomostofusthanpanderingtohumanweaknesses.Andthereisaroleformathematicalelegance:somekindsofelegancemakeprogramseasiertounderstand.Buteleganceisnotanendinitself.AndwhenIsaylanguageshavetobedesignedtosuithumanweaknesses,Idon'tmeanthatlanguageshavetobedesignedforbadprogrammers.InfactIthinkyououghttodesignforthebestprogrammers,buteventhebestprogrammershavelimitations.Idon'tthinkanyonewouldlikeprogramminginalanguagewhereallthevariablesweretheletterxwithintegersubscripts.Ifyoulookatthehistoryofprogramminglanguages,alotofthebestoneswere

languagesdesignedfortheirownauthorstouse,andalotoftheworstonesweredesignedforotherpeopletouse.

Whenlanguagesaredesignedforotherpeople,it'salwaysaspecificgroupofotherpeople:peoplenotassmartasthelanguagedesigner.Soyougetalanguagethattalksdowntoyou.Cobol(计算机通用语言)isthemostextremecase,butalotoflanguagesarepervadedbythisspirit.Ithasnothingtodowithhowabstractthelanguageis.Cisprettylow-level,butitwasdesignedforitsauthorstouse,andthat'swhyhackerslikeit.Theargumentfordesigninglanguagesforbadprogrammersisthattherearemorebadprogrammersthangoodprogrammers.Thatmaybeso.Butthosefewgoodprogrammerswriteadisproportionatelylargepercentageofthesoftware.

I'minterestedinthequestion,howdoyoudesignalanguagethattheverybesthackerswilllike?Ihappentothinkthisisidenticaltothequestion,howdoyoudesignagoodprogramminglanguage?

GivetheProgrammerasMuchControlasPossible.

Manylanguages(especiallytheonesdesignedforotherpeople)havetheattitudeofagoverness:theytrytopreventyoufromdoingthingsthattheythinkaren'tgoodforyou.Iliketheoppositeapproach:givetheprogrammerasmuchcontrolasyoucan.WhenIfirstlearnedLisp(表处理语言),whatIlikedmostaboutitwasthatitconsideredmeanequalpartner.IntheotherlanguagesIhadlearneduptillthen,therewasthelanguageandtherewasmyprogram,writteninthelanguage,andthetwowereveryseparate.ButinLispfilefunctionsandmacrosIwrotewerejustlikethosethatmadeupthelanguageitself.IcouldrewritethelanguageifIwanted.Ithadthesameappealasopen-sourcesoftware.

AimforBrevity.

Brevityisunderestimatedandevenscorned.Butifyoulookintotheheartsofhackers,you'llseethattheyreallyloveit.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardhackersspeakfondlyofhowin,say,APL,theycoulddoamazingthingswithjustacouplelinesofcode?Ithinkanythingthatreallysmartpeoplereallyloveisworthpayingattentionto.Ithinkal

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Fiber-opticsystemshouldbebackedupby______.

10.

Forhighschoolstudents,SATshouldbetakennolaterthanthe

A.falloftheirlastyearofhighschool

B.summerbeforetheirsenioryears

C.11thgrade

D.junioryearofhighschool

11.

Chinahassentseveralpandastosomeforeigngovernmentsasgifts.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

TheFTC'slaterreportsshowthatthefilmandgamingindustrieshavemadesomeimprovementwhile______hasdonealmostnothingtoimprove.

13.

Baughman'ssuperstrong,superligh,transparentsheetcanbeinsertedinthewindshieldstohelp______.

14.Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafterourselves?

A.Throwlessaway.

B.Designrecycledproducts.

C.Don'tuseitagain.

D.Lastlonger.

15.SinceBritaingottheexclusivecontrolonopium,Indiangrowersmustselltheircropsto______.

16.Enteringriversby______,phosphatesandnitratesasfertilizerscanresultineutrophication.

17.

Theprogramaimedatcreatingasingle,federatedsign-onsystemiscalled______.

18.

DoctorsassumethatSeasonalAffectiveDisordermightoccurwhenthereisahigherdegreeofreleased______.

19.

Themostprobablecauseofdepressionisthatitisanimbalancein______.

20.

Detractorsofculturalimperialismthinkthatculturaldominationendangers______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(35)

A.Theimportanceofsilentreading.

B.Theinformationyieldedbybooksandnewspapers.

C.Theeffectsofhealthyreading.

D.Thevalueofdifferenttypesofreadingmaterials.

22.(21)

A.Enthusiastic.B.Doubtful.C.Peaceful.D.Cautious.

23.听力原文：W:Mike,howdidyouenjoyyourtrip?WhatdidyouthinkofLosAngeles?

M:Itwasallright.IlikeditbetterthanIthoughtIwould.Theproblemistransportation.Thebusserviceisterrible,andtheydon'thaveasubway.

Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkofLosAngeles?

(15)

A.Itisthebestcityhe'severvisited.

B.Itwasworsethanhehadexpected.

C.Itisdifficulttogetaroundinthecity.

D.Thehotelserviceisterribleinthecity.

24.听力原文：W:Well,theexaminationisovernow,andwecangotothepicnic.

M:Goingtothepicnicistootiring.Whynotcometomyhometohaveaparty?

Q:Wherewillthemanoffertogo?

(13)

A.Tohishome.

B.Toherhome.

C.Togotothepicnic.

D.Togoshopping.

25.听力原文：M:Goodafternoon.Iwonderifyoucouldgivemesomeinformation.

W:I'dbehappyto.WhatcanIdoforyou?

M:Ijustmovedoutheretothesuburbsfromthecity.Iknowthelibrarysystemsaredifferent,soIwanttoapplyforalibrarycardhere.

W:Certainly.Pleasefilloutthiscard.Doyouhaveanyidentificationwhichshowsyournewaddress?Ineedtoseesomethingthatverifiesthatyouarearesidentofthecountry.

M:Howlongwillittakeformetogetmynewcard?

W:Notlong.We'llprocessyourapplicationandmallyouyournewcardinaboutaweek.Inthemeantime,youcanhavethistemporarycardwhichyoumayuseexactlyasaregularcard.

M:YoumeanIcanuseittodaytoborrowbooks?

W:Yes.Areyoufamiliarwithoursystem?

M:I'mafraidnot.

W:Well,weuseacomputerizedsystemandyouseethosedesk-topcomputerterminalsoverthere?Thereareaboutadozenofthemthroughoutthelibrary.Weusethemtolocateourbooks.Comeon.I'llshowyouhowtouseit.

M:IhopeIdon'thavetohavetheskillsofacomputerprogrammertobeabletouseit.AllIwanttodoistoborrowsomebooks.

W:It'seasy.Youcanknowthenameofthebook,thenameoftheauthor,orthesubject.Let'stryoneasanexample.

M:Thankyou.IthinkI'llexplorethewholelibraryonmyowninordertoacquaintmyselfwithallthatyouhave.

W:Bemyguest.

(20)

A.Togetalibrarycard.

B.Togetfamiliarwiththeresourcesthere.

C.Toborrowsomebooksheneeds.

D.Tostudyhowtousethecomputertolocatethebooksinthelibrary.

26.(22)

A.Theytakethemtogowiththem.

B.Theysendthemtothenursery.

C.Theyasktheirrelativesforhelp.

D.Theyhiresomeonetolookafterthem.

27.【B7】

28.(36)

A.Thefuelischeap.

B.Theycanbestoppedandreignited.

C.Theyarecheaptobuild.

D.Theymustbeusedsoonafterfueling.

29.(25)

A.Don'tgettoofamiliarwiththehotelstaff.

B.Bookthehotelrightaway.

C.Keepacheckonyourspending.

D.Don'tsitdownatabar.

30.(34)

A.Itmeansyouareinanothercountry.

B.Itmemosyouareinabadmood.

C.Itmeansyouhavemadeamistake.

D.Itmeansyouhavesometroubletohandle.

31.听力原文：W:Michael,haveyouseenthenewHollywoodmovie,HannahMontana,TheMovie?Itisgreat.Ilovethestory,especiallythemusic;that'smyfavoritepart.

M:Well,itisreallynotmycupoftea.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.Themanlikesthemusicofthemovie.

B.Themandoesn'ttaketothemovie.

C.Bothofthetwospeakersarefondofthemovie.

D.Thewomanlikestheplotbest.

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Inanoffice.

B.Inahotel.

C.Atadinnertable.

D.Attheman'shouse.

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStatesarecoffeedrinkers.Overthelastfewyears,atrendhasbeendevelopingtointroducepremiumspeciallyblendedcoffeesknownasgourmetcoffeesintotheAmericamarket.Bostonseemstohavebeenthebirthplaceofthistrend.InfactmajorgourmetcoffeemerchantsfromothercitieslikeSeattle,SanFrancisco,cametoBostonwheretodaytheyareengagedinakindofcoffeewarwithBoston'smerchants.Theyareallcompetingforasignificantshareofthegourmetcoffeemarket.Surprisinglythecompetitionamongtheseleadinggourmetcoffeebusinesseswillnothurtanyofthem.ExpertspredictthatthegourmetcoffeemarketintheUnitedStatesisgrowingandwillcontinuetogrowtothepointthatgourmetcoffeewillsooncaptureahalfofwhatisnowa1.5million-dollarmarketandwillbeaneightmilliondollarmarketsoon.Studieshaveshownthatcoffeedrinkerswhoconverttogourmetcoffeeseldomgobacktotheregularbrandsfoundinsupermarkets.Asaresultthesebrandswillbethereallosersinthegourmetcoffeecompetition.

(27)

A.ThecoffeemarketinBoston.

B.Theroleofsupermarketsinthecoffeebusiness.

C.AnewtrendintheUnitedStales.

D.Theadvertisingofanewproduct.

34.(45)

35.(13)

A.Thewomanwillputoffherdecisiontostudy.

B.Thewomanwillnowjuststudyratherthangoout.

C.Thewomanwillgooutbecauseshe'sinagoodmood.

D.Thewomanwillhavetomakeadecisionwhethertostudy.

36.(28)

A.Aplatform.worker.

B.Acomputer.

C.Thecommandspot.

D.Amachine.

37.听力原文：W:Hello,Dr.Christianson.

M:Hello,Cathy,whatcanIdoforyou?

W:Well,[22]Ineedanextensionformyreportonwhales.NextWednesdayIamsupposedtopresentinclassandhandmyreportin,butIwon'tbeready.

M:Youhadsixweekstoworkonthis,and[23]Ihaveapolicyofpenalizingheavilyforlateassignments.Youlose20%thefirstday,and10%foreachdayafter.

W:Well,mycomputerbrokedownandIlosteverything.IhavetakenthecomputerintotheCampusComputerCenterbuttheycannotretrieveanyofmyfiles.

M:[24]1cansympathizewiththecomputerissue,becauseithappenedtomeoncewhenIwasastudent.MycomputercrashedjustasIwasonthelastpageofa10,000-wordessay.Iassumethiswillbealessontoyou.

W:Ohyes.

M:Well,let'slookatthecalendarandseeifthereisanotheropportunityforyourpresentationandreport.

W:WhataboutonNovember29?

M:Letmesee,no,thatwouldn'tworkasJaneClarkisdoingherpresentationthatday.

W:I'mnotsureIcangetitfinishedmuchsoonerasIhavetostartwritingthereportfromscratch.

M:Well,perhapsIcanallowyoutohandinyourreportonNovember29,butthepresentationmustbesooner.Lookingatmycalendar,theonlypossibledaywouldbeNovember22.[25]RobMetcalfwassupposedtopresentthatdaybutIunderstandhewasinaseriouscaraccidentandhadtowithdrawfromuniversity.

W:Ididn'tknowthat.

M:So,wehavearrangedforyoutopresentonNovember22,andhandinyourreportonNovember29.

W:Thanksagain,Dr.Christianson.

(23)

A.Helpherpreparethepresentation.

B.Giveherextratimetofinishthereport.

C.Givehersomeadviceondoingthereport.

D.HandinherreportnextWednesday.

38.听力原文：W:Inmyfirstyearatuniversity,Ihadthreeroommates,allfromdifferentcountries.

M:Thatmustn'thavebeengreatforyoutogetacquaintedwithdifferentcustomandculturesindifferentcountries.Didyoustayintouchwiththem?Whataretheyalldoingnow?

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

(19)

A.Theculturesofdifferentcountries.

B.Thewomangetsalongwellwithherroommates.

C.Thewoman'sfirstyearstudyatcollege.

D.Thewoman'sforeignroommates.

39.(16)

A.Hewasn'tofferedthejobinthebookstore.

B.Hereallywantstoworkinthebookstore.

C.Hedidn'tknowwherethebookstorewas.

D.Hedeclinedthebookstorejobonce.

40.

【B10】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

WhohaswrittenthepaperthatprovidesacomprehensiveanalysisofChina'spro-growthpoliciesanddevelopmentalplans?

42.

Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

43.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestandard90dbisNOTtrue?

A.Itsuitseveryone.

B.Itcanprotectonly90percentoftheworkingforce.

C.Itrequires16quiethoursofresteachdayfortheearstorecover.

D.Itcanhardlybeappliedinreality.

44.

TheFDAdeclaresthatthewrongfullysoldpiglets______.

A.mayhavesideeffectsonconsumers

B.maybeharmfultoconsumers

C.aresafetoconsumers

D.maycausehumanillness

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Theclimateofearthhasfluctuatedquiteabitoverthelast4.6billionyearsofourplanershistoryanditcanbeexpectedthattheclimatewillcontinuetochange.Oneofthemostintriguingquestionsinearthscienceiswhethertheperiodsoficeagesareoverorarewelivinginan"interglacial"periodoftimebetweeniceages?

ThegeologictimeperiodwearenowlivinginisknownastheHolocene(全新世).Thisepochbeganabout11,000yearsagowhichwastheendofthelastglacialperiodandtheendofthePleistocene(更新世)epoch.ThePleistocenewasanepochofcoolglacialandwarmerinterglacialperiodswhichbeganabout1.8millionyearsago.

Sincetheglacialperiodknownasthe"Wisconsin"inNorthAmericaand"Wrm"inEuropewhenover10millionsquaremiles(about27millionkm2)ofNorthAmerica,Asia,andEuropewerecoveredbyice,almostalloftheicesheetscoveringthelandandglaciersinthemountainshaveretreated.Today,abouttenpercentoftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbyice;96%ofthisiceislocatedinAntarcticaandGreenland.GlacialiceisalsopresentinsuchdiverseplacesasAlaska,Canada,NewZealand,Asia,andCalifornia.

Asonly11,000yearshaspassedsincethelastIceAge,scientistscannotbecertainthatweareindeedlivinginapostglacialHoloceneepochinsteadofaninterglacialperiodofthePleistoceneandthusdueforanothericeageinthegeologicfuture.Somescientistsbelievethatanincreaseinglobaltemperature,aswearenowexperiencing,couldbeasignofanimpendingiceageandcouldactuallyincreasetheamountoficeontheearth'ssurface.

Thecold,dryairabovetheArcticandAntarcticacarrieslittlemoistureanddropslittlesnowontheregions.Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturecouldincreasetheamountofmoistureintheairandincreasetheamountofsnowfall.Afteryearsofmoresnowfallthanmelting,thePolarRegionscouldaccumulatemoreice.

Anaccumulationoficewouldleadtoaloweringoftheleveloftheoceansandtherewouldbefurther,unanticipatedchangesintheglobalclimatesystemaswell.Ourshorthistoryonearthandourshorterrecordoftheclimatekeepsusfromfullyunderstandingtheimplicationsofglobalwarming.Withoutadoubt,anincreaseintheearth'stemperaturewillhavemajorconsequencesforalllifeonthisplanet.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HasthePleistoceneEpochEnded?

B.AnotherIceAgeintheGeologicFutureIsComing?

C.TheIceAges:AreTheyOver?

D.GlacialIceWillBePresentinDifferentPlaces?

46.

Inordertoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers,theU.S.government______.

A.employedconservationagentstodemonstratebettertechniques

B.offeredfreeserviceandcashpaymenttoimprovethefarmer'sland

C.sacrificedthenationalinteresttohelpthefarmers

D.deliberatelyreducedtheamountoffarmproductstoraiseprices

47.

【C2】

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

ThisChristmastheworldeconomyoffersfewreasonsforgoodcheer.Ascreditcontractsandassetpricesdeclined,demandacrosstheglobeisdeclining.RichcountriescollectivelyfacetheseverestrecessionsincetheSecondWorldWar:thisweek'scutinthetargetforthefederalfundsratetobetweenzeroand0.25%showshowfearfulAmerica'spolicymakersare.Andconditionsaredeterioratingfasttooinemergingeconomies,whichhavebeenexhaustedbydecliningexportsandthedrying-upofforeignfinance.

Thisnewsisbadenoughinitself;butitalsoposesthebiggestthreattoopenmarketsinthemodemeraofglobalization.Forthefirsttimeinmorethanageneration,twooftheenginesofglobalintegration--tradeandcapitalflows--areshiftingintoreverseatthesametime.TheWorldBanksaysthatnetprivatecapitalflowstoemergingeconomiesin2009arelikelytobeonlyhalftherecord$1trillionof2007,whileglobaltradevolumeswillshrinkforthefirsttimesince1982.

Thistwinshiftwillforceadjustments.Countriesthathavereliedonexportstodrivegrowth,fromChinatoGermany,willslumpunlesstheycanboostdomesticdemandquickly.Thereisariskthatintheirdiscomfortgovernmentsturntoanold,butfalse,friend:protectionism.Integrationhaslessappealwhenpainratherthanprosperityishangingacrossborders.Itwillbetemptingtosupportdomesticjobsandincomesbydivertingdemandfromabroadwithexportsubsidies,tariffsandcheapercurrencies.

Thelessonsofhistory,though,areclear.Theeconomicisolationismofthe1930scruellyintensifiedtheDepression.Tobesure,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)anditsmultilateraltradingrulesareabulwark(壁垒)againstprotectiononthatscale.Buttoday'sglobalisedeconomy,withfar-stretchedsupplychainsandjust-in-timedelivery,couldbedisruptedbypoliciesmuchlessdramaticthantheSmoot-Hawleyact.Amodestshiftawayfromopenness--wellwithintheWTO'srules--wouldbeenoughtoturntherecessionof2009muchnastier.Increasedprotectionofthatsortis,alas,alltooplausible.

Becauseofdecreasingexportsandlackoffinancialsupport,situationsinemergingmarketsare______.

49.

【C5】

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Anissuethatmanycorporateexecutivesignoreisthepossibilitythataggressivepeopleseekreinforcementfortheirowndestructiveacts.Televisionviolence,forinstance,andthewidespreadpublicconcernaccompanyingithaveledtoCallsforstrictcontrolsonthedepictionofviolentprograms.

Intheirdecisionmaking,someproducersdonottakeresponsibilityfortheequallyimportantminority.Instead,theymaygeartheircontenttowardsthemasses,whocravesexuallyexplicitandviolentaction.Fortunately,thisgrouphastheabilitytodisseminateviolentactionrationally,realizingthatinreality,peoplewhocommitactsofviolencehavetocompensatefortheiractionsbytakingfullresponsibilityfortheharmtheycausetoothers.

Noteveryonecandistinguishfactfromfantasy.Notonlyisittheirrationalpeoplewhocommitthecrimesinourcountry,butourownchildrenwhomayerrantly(错误地)belearningfromdayonethatnothingbadwillhappentothemiftheyshoottheirbrotherintheheadwithDaddy'spistol.

Studiesshowthatinoneweekofcontentanalysisofprime-timeoutputonsevenNewYorkCitychannels,therewere3,421actsandthreatsofviolenceobserved.Children'sfictionalentertainmentprogramshadthreetimesthefrequencyofviolentactsorthreatsrecordedinadultprograms.Manyoftheseactswerecommittedwithoutanycompensationfortheactionwithoutresponsibility,thenitmustbeacceptablebehavior.Similarly,aggressiveadultsareseekingreinforcementfortheirownanti-socialbehavior.fromseeingattractivetelevisioncharactersbehaveinthesameway.

Behavioralevidencehasindicatedthattheanti-socialeffectsofviolenttelevisionportrayalsarestrongestandaremostlikelytooccuramongindividualswhoarealreadyaggressive.

Theethicalquestionis,shouldtelevisionsubmittomassappealortakeintoconsiderationtheeffectsoncertainmembersofsociety,includingchildren?Theconsequencesoftelevisingviolencearenotonl