风景点解说词的翻译

EnglishTranslationoftheInterpretationsofChina’sScenicSpots

风景点解说词的翻译1一、英语解说词语言特征突出信息功能。英文遗产解说是典型的信息文本，简洁流畅的语言和大量的事实数据突出特点，景物的完整印象。21.1PlainlanguageTheGrandCanyonisamongtheearth'sgreateston-goinggeologicalspectacles.Itsvastnessisstunning,andtheevidenceitrevealsabouttheearth'shistoryisinvaluable.About65millionyearsagointheearth'sshifting,ahugeareaoflandwasliftedamileandahalfabovesealevel,formingwhatisnowtheColoradoPlateau.Forthelast6to10millionyears,theColoradoRiverhasbeenslowlycarvingitswaydownthroughthemanylayersofrock.3Theriver,togetherwiththeerosiveforcesofwind,rain,snow,heatandcold,hasformedaspectaculargorgeone-miledeepandatsomepoints18milesacross.Thecolorfulstrataofthecanyonwallsrevealtherockformationsoftheearth'sevolutionfromnearly2billionyearsago;theycontainfossilsoftheearliestlivingthingsfrom500millionyearsago.Therivercontinuestocarveintotheearth'ssurface.(/worldheritage/)41.2Fact-basedTheforesthereexudeswatervaporandoilyresidueswhichcreateasmoke-likehazethatsurroundsthepeaksandfillsthevalleys.GreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark,encompassingmorethan800squaremiles,protectsoneoftheworld'sfinesttemperatedeciduousforestsandisareminderofthetree-richlandscapeofpre-ColumbianAmerica.Duetothefertilesoilandabundantrain,thisareaboasts1,520flowerspecies,130varietiesoftrees,50mammalspeciesand27differentkindsofsalamanders.TheplantsarerelatedtothosefoundacrossthePacific,testifyingtotheancientmigrationoftreesandflowersfromAsiabywayoftheBeringlandbridge.5TheSmokiesalsorepresentanimportantperiodintheearth'sdevelopmentwhen300millionyearsago,supercontinentscollidedandtheearth'scrustpushedupwardforminghigh,jaggedmountains.Overthecourseoftimethesemountainshavebeensmoothedandsoftenedbyerosion.Thegeographicalevidence,biologicalevolutionanddiversitymakethisparkasuperlativenaturalpreserve.(/worldheritage/grsm.htm)theGreatSmokyMountains6二、汉语解说词语言特征中文遗产解说信息、描述功能。庄严正式的语气，典雅华丽的辞藻和丰富的修辞。四字结构、比喻、排比、夸张、对偶、引用、赞誉称号、诗词、谚语、文言文或者神话传说加深印象。72.1Refinedwording峨眉山位于中国西南部的四川省，距成都156公里,走高速公路需1.5小时。主峰金顶绝壁凌空高插云霄,巍然屹立。登临其间，可西眺皑皑雪峰，东瞰莽莽平川，气势雄而景观奇，有云海、日出、佛光、圣灯四大奇观。中部群山峰峦叠嶂，含烟凝翠，飞瀑流泉，鸟语花香，草木茂而风光秀。是我国著名的游览胜地，1996年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界自然与文化遗产”。(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游网)82.2Richrhetoricaldevices

山风乍起时，云海飘散开去，群峰众岭变成一座座海中的小岛；云海汇聚过来，千山万壑被掩藏得无影无踪。云海时开时合，恰似“山舞青蛇”，气象雄伟。风紧时，云海忽而疾驰、翻滚，忽而飘逸、舒展，似天马行空，似大海扬波，似雪球滚地。(metaphor)(/culture/relic/newcnh)春季万物萌动，郁郁葱葱；夏季百花争艳，姹紫嫣红；秋季红叶满山，五彩缤纷；冬季银装素裹，白雪皑皑。(paralleledstructures)(/culture/relic/newcnh)9石门山石刻是佛教、道教合一造像区，尤以道教造像最具有特色，如玉皇大帝龛外的千里眼像，眼如铜铃，似能目及千里。(hyperbole)(/eframe.htm)游武夷山者，临水可看山，登山可望水，只要乘上一叶竹筏，沿山中九曲溪顺流而下，山沿水立，水随山转，山光水色，交相辉映，三十六峰，九十九岩，尽收眼底。(antithesis)（/travel/wuyi/chnature.html）102.3Abundantcitations黄山是文化名山，源远流长。相传，中华民族的始祖黄帝曾在黄山炼丹，后得道升天。自然造化天然美景，古往今来，吸引了无数文人墨客、名流雅士，前往登临领略。（/）“上朝峨眉，下朝宝顶”。“五山石刻”自古以来就是名胜之地。（/eframe.htm）11唐代诗人李白诗曰：“蜀国多仙山，峨眉邈难匹。”明代诗人周洪谟赞道：“三峨之秀甲天下，何须涉海寻蓬莱。”当代文豪郭沫若题书峨眉山为“天下名山”。(/culture/relic/newcnh)122.4Varioushonorabletitles风景名胜区主景区方圆60平方公里，山峰平均海350米左右，属典型丹霞地貌，素有“碧水丹山”、“奇秀甲于东南”之美誉，是首批国家重点风景名胜区之一，被国际旅游组织执委会主席巴尔科夫人称为“世界环境保护的典范”。（/travel/wuyi/chnature.html）以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”名闻中外，号称“天下第一奇山”。(/)132.5ClassicalChineseexpressions“孔子殁后一年，鲁哀公将其故宅三间改建为庙”,“殁”“去世”or“辞世”.Theusageofthissinglewordherecreatesasolemnatmosphere,andisinkeepingwiththesettingoftheConfucius’Temple.“自孔子以后，孔氏历代子孙亦多从葬于此”,thephrase“亦多从葬于此”---“从孔子以后，他的子孙也被埋葬在这里”.14三、实例分析E.g.1据推算北京人身高为156厘米(男)，150厘米(女)。TheestimatedheightofPekingManis156cm.ThatofPekingWomanis150cm.(/heritage/c1.html)Mechanicaltransfers

Suggestedinterpretation:(1)TheestimatedheightofamalePekingManis156cmandthatofhisfemalecounterpartis150cm.(2)TheestimatedheightofthemaleandfemalePekingManis156cmand150cmrespectively.

15e.g.2庐山风景名胜区面积302平方千米，外围保护地带500平方千米。TheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,beingprotectedbyanoutlyingzoneof500sqkm.()TheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,withanoutlyingconservationzoneof500sqkm.

Mechanicaltransfers16e.g.3汉武帝时也曾数次修筑长城,用来保护河套、陇西等地以及东西往来的交通。DuringEmperorWudi‘sreignoftheHanDynasty,wallswerealsobuiltseveraltimestoguardHetao,westernGansuandotherregionsandtheroutesofeast-westtransportation.（/）Mechanicaltransfers17TheconstructionofGreatWallactuallybegunduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheWarringStatesPeriod.Later,thefirstemperoroftheQinDynastyorderedtolinkthewallsupafterheunitedChina.TheGreatWallalreadyexistedintheHanDynasty.Thustheuseof“built”hereisdefinitelyincorrect.That’stosaytheGreatWallwas“repaired”or“mended”severaltimes.18Moree.gsforMechanicaltransfers

ChineseMechanicalTransferIdiomaticTranslation高等植物high-orderplanthigherplants红叶redleavesmapleleaves/redautumnalleaves国家保护区state-levelresortnationalresort自然景观naturalscenenaturalscenery/naturallandscape劳动力laborpowerlaborforce/workforce19e.g.41996年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界自然与文化遗产”。In1996,itwasrankedin“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritage”byUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游网)In1996,itwaslistedasa“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritageSite”byUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).Falseequivalents

20e.g.5公元9世纪末的晚唐造像题材有12种类型，以观音、地藏合龛和阿弥陀佛胁侍观音、地藏居多。造像端庄丰满，气质浑厚，衣纹细密，薄衣贴体，具有盛唐遗见。(/eframe.htm)Intheoriginaltranslation,“丰满”isrenderedas“chubby.”Althoughtheword“chubby”means“slightlyfat”,itactuallyindicatespleasantroundnessinbabiesorcheeks.Inthecontext,“丰满”isusedtodescribetheBuddhastatues,thenofcourse“chubby”isnottherightwordtouse.“Fat”maybethemostusualanddirectadjectiveinthissense,butithasaderogativemeaning,thusisnotappropriateeither.“plump”isthebestchoice,becauseitsuggestsslightorattractivefatness.Falseequivalents21e.g.6随着季节、光照、环境的变化，景区会呈现出不同的韵致。Withthechangesoftheseasons,illuminationandenvironment,thesceneryvariesinthearea.（/）Intheabovetranslation,“illumination”shouldbechangedinto“sunlight”,since“illumination”usuallyreferstoman-madelightingsuchasthelightingprovidedbyalamporlight.Butthesentencetellsusthesceneryvarieswiththechangeoflight.Therefore,theword“illumination”disagreeswiththesituationhere.Fromthisparticularcontext,translatorscanpredict“光照”mustthelightinnature,soitisbettertotranslateitas“sunlight”.Falseequivalents22e.g.7“雪山”,“asnowmountain”,“asnowymountain”,“asnow-coveredmountain”and“asnow-cappedmountain”.“建筑群”“abuildinggroup”,“anarchitecturalgroup”and“anarchitecturalcomplex.”“云海”.“acloudsea”,“aseaofclouds.”“发展过程”“courseofdevelopment”Unidiomaticexpressions

23e.g.8Terms

孔子（公元前551~前419年）是中国儒家学说的创始人。Confucius(551～419BC)wasthefounderoftheConfuciusschoolofthought()“Confucianism“游览胜地”“atouristattraction”or“atouristdestination”,“scenicspotfortourists.”“自然保护区”isnot“anature-endowedreserve”but“anaturereserve.”“creativetalent”for“创造力”“creativity.”Redundancy24在当地信仰藏传佛教的人民心中，这座小山犹如观音菩萨居住的普陀山，因而用藏语称此为布达拉（普陀之意）。InthemindofthelocalpeoplebelievinginTibetanBuddhism,thehillislikeMountPutuo(transliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.()ThelocalTibetanBuddhistsbelievethehillislikeMountPutuo(transliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.25e.g.9(1)大足石刻是中国石窟艺术宝库中的一颗璀璨明珠。ThemasterpieceofChineseexquisitegrottoart,DazuRockCarvingsisashiningstarinthespeleologicalarttreasure.(/eframe.htm)grottoart(2)黄龙具有独特的地形地貌结构……Theuniquetopography,varioussceneries,colourfu1customsandlifestylesofTibetan,QiangandHuiEthnicCommunitiesmaketheareaawonderland.(/culture/relic/newcnh)landform26(3)地貌多种多样。Therearemanykindsofgeologicphysiognomy.(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游网)landform(4)“北京人”的发现，为中国古人类及其文化的研究奠定了基础。ThediscoveryofPekingManlaidfoundationsforpalaeoanthropologicalandpalaeoculturologicalstudiesinChina.(/)ThediscoveryofPekingManlaidfoundationsforthestudiesonprimitivemenandtheircultureinChina.27(5)墙身全部用花岗岩砌筑，高达数十米，每隔一段距离，中间灌注铁汁，进行加固，提高墙体抗震能力，坚固稳定。Allthewallsarebuiltofgranite,standingashighasseveraldozenmetersandstrengthenedbyfillingwithmoltenironatintervals,makingthestructurehighlyantiseismic.()Allthewallsarebuiltofgranite,standingashighasseveraldozenmetersandstrengthenedbymoltenironfillingsatintervals,makingthestructurehighlyresistantagainstearthquakes.28Moree.gsforspecialtermsChineseUncommonly-usedexpressionsCommonly-usedexpressions石碑steletablet马steedhorse新石器时代NeolithicageNewstoneage旧石器时代PaleolithicageOldstoneage植物带florazonationvegetationalzone29e.g.10主景区位于全长60多公里的山谷中。谷中有108个湖泊，山顶为一长度7000米，宽数百米的“长海”，湖水中随处可见自然倒下的古树，树枝上包裹碳酸钙华，阳光折射下五彩缤纷。被形象地称为五彩湖。…Thesummitisa"longsea"7,000metersinlengthandhundredsofmetersinwidth...(/heritage/c1.html)Atthesummitisthe"longsea,"alake7,000metersinlengthandhundredsofmetersinwidth.sentencestructures30e.g.11庐山已形成一山兼聚五教的罕见现象。Lushanhasbecomeararephenomenonwherefivereligionsexist

sidebysideinonemountain.()Lushanhasbecomeaplacewherefivereligionsexist

sidebysideinonemountain,whichisararephenomenon.sentencestructures31e.g.12现存高７６米，东西长３４５米，南北宽３５０米。Itrises76metreshigh,345metreseast-west,350metresnorth-south.(/culture/relic/newcnh)Itmeasures76metresinheight,345metreseast-westand350metresnorth-south.sentencestructures32e.g.13九寨沟有脊椎动物170种，鸟类141种，其中含国家一类保护动物大熊猫、牛羚、金丝猴，二类保护动物4种及三类保护动物9种。Ithouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirdsincludingGiantPanda,Gnu,andGoldenMonkey,allatthefirstlevelofnationalprotection,4speciesofanimalsatthesecondarylevelofprotection,and9speciesofanimalsatthetertiarylevelofprotection.(/heritage/c1.html)Misplacement33Ithouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirds.Amongthem,giantpandas,gnus,andgoldenmonkeysareatthefirstlevelofnationalprotection,4speciesatthesecondaryleveland9speciesatthetertiarylevel.

34e.g.14到1966年共发现了大约代表40个个体的“北京人”化石和十万多件石器、以及丰富的骨器、角器与用火遗迹等。Byl966,therehadbeendiscoveredPekingManfossilsrepresentingabout40individuals,morethanl00,000stonetools,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andremainsoffires.(/)Byl966,therehadbeendiscoveredabout40PekingMenfossils,alongwithmorethanl00,000stonetools,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andfiresremains.

Misplacement35e.g.15隋史中也有多次征发民夫数万、数十万乃至百万人修长城的记载。HistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalsocontainrecordsofrecruitmentsoftensorhundredsofthousandsoramillionlaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.(/)HistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalsocontainrecordsofrecruitmentsoftenthousandsorhundredthousandsorevenmillionsoflaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.Misplacement36e.g.16特别是此窟中的普贤菩萨，具有东方女性的特征，表情温柔娴静、典雅大方。InparticularstatueofSamantabhadrahascharacteristicsoftheorientalwoman,anditsexpressionsaregentlesoftrefinednaturalandpoised.(/eframe.htm)InparticularthestatueofSamantabhadrahascharacteristicsoftheorientalwoman,andherexpressionsaregentleandgraceful.37故宫是明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城。TheImperialPalace,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,wastheimperialpalaceofemperorsintheMingandQingDynasties.(/culture/relic)Inthetranslation,theword“imperial”itselfmeans“ofanempireoritsruler”,so“ofemperor”isonlyarepetition.

Overlappingofthemeanings38e.g.17这一发现被称为本世纪世界文化史上最有价值的发现。它轰动了世界。Thisdiscoverywasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20thcentury.Itcreatedaworldwidesensation.(/)Thisdiscovery,whichwasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20thcentury,createdaworldwidesensation.Sentence-by-sentencetranslation

39e.g.18古城池总面积2.25平方千米，至今还居住着4.2万城市居民,基本保持着明清时期(公元1368—1911年)的历史风貌。It(theancientcity)occupiesatotalareaof2.25sqkm,hasapopulationof42,000,andlargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingperiods(1368～1911).()Withatotalareaof2.25sqkmandapopulationof42,000,theancientcitylargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingDynasties(1368～1911).Sentence-by-sentencetranslation40e.g.19平遥古城是按照汉民族传统规划思想和建筑风格建设起来的城市，体现了公元14至19世纪前后汉民族的历史文化特色，对研究这一时期的社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思想、伦理道德的人类居住形式有重要的参考价值。TheoldcityofPingyao,constructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanningtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,embodiesthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14th～l9thcenturiesandisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,moralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.()Sentence-by-sentencetranslation41ConstructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanningtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,theancientcityofPingyaoembodiesinaconcentratedformthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14th～l9thcenturies.Itisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,moralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.42e.g.20孔庙的东侧是孔府，是孔子嫡长孙世袭的府第。TheKongFamilyMansionlieseastoftheConfuciusTemple,beingtheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.()LyingtotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple,theMansionofConfuciusistheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.TheMansionofConfuciusliestotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple.Itistheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.Sentence-by-sentencetranslation43e.g.21

孔林为孔子墓葬所在地，位于曲阜市城北１.５公里处。墓园古柏参天，周以围墙，占地面积２００万平方米。园内有清代建筑的观楼和享殿，和宋代雕刻的石人、石兽等。自孔子以后，孔氏历代子孙亦多从葬于此。TheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Thecemeteryissurroundedbywallsandiscrowdedwitholdcypressesandpines.Thetotalareaisabout2,000,000squaremetres.ThetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDynastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynastycanbefound.MostofConfucius'descendantswerealsoburiedhere.(/culture/relic/)LackofCohesion

44TheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Surroundedbywallsandcrowdedbyoldcypressesandpines,thecemeterycoversatotalareaofabout2,000,000squaremetres.Inthecemetery,therearetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDynastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynasty.MostofConfucius'descendantswerealsoburiedhere.45e.g.22庐山，位于江西省北部，北濒长江，东南临鄱阳湖。自然风光奇特秀丽。“匡庐奇秀甲天下山。”方圆302平方公里的风景区内，有16个大自然奇观，474个景点。171座山峰逶迤相连，峰峦叠嶂。MountLu