四级分项指导课件

四级分项指导作文评分标准样卷分析写作步骤常用句型评分标准

1．正确表达思想；

2．意义连贯；

3．无重大语法错误。为评分的方便，国家考题组又将评分原则归纳为八个字，即“总体评分”和“综合评判”，并作了相应的解释。前者指的是“阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分”。后者指的是“要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚确切地表达思想”。

样卷分析2000.1Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.上大学的费用（tuitionandfees）可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）该文章转载自无忧考网：样卷分析14pointsNowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegearemuchhigherthaneverbefore.Howtofinanceyourcollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformany.Youcandealwithitinmanyways.Youcangetallofthemoneyfromyourparents.Youcanapplyforaloanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Youcanalsoacquirethemoneycompletelybyyourself,doingafull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.Inaddition,youcanaskyourparentsformostofitandearntherestinyoursparetimeincollege,bydoingapart-timejob.Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelastway.Havingacquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,Ineedn’tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanconcentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,apart-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-lifecolorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyabilitiesandlearnlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoosethiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.11pointsNowadays,ifwewanttogotocollege,we’llhavetopayabigsumofmoney.It’saproblemtomanystudents.Manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem.Butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.First,youcanaskyourparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Anotherwaytosolvethisproblemistoapplyforabankloan.Finally,wecanfindapart-timejobtogetenoughmoney.Astome,I’minfavorofthesecondidea.Myreasonsofchoicecanbelistedasfollows:firstofall,myparentsarenotrichenoughtoaffordme.Secondly,you’llnothaveenoughtimeandenergytostudyafterfinishingthepart-timejob.Finally,I’msurethatI’llgetanicejobaftergraduation,thenI’llbeabletopaybacktheloan.Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatbankloanismybestchoice.

8pointsAfterIcameintothecollege,thereisaquestionhowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Therearemanywaytosolvethetuitionandfeesofcollegeeducation.Themostusualwayisusethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifsomeone’sfamilysituationisnotwellhecanapplyforloantobank.Thegovernmentwillhelpthestudentslikethis.Otherwayisfindajobthroughschool’shelp.Ofcoursewestillputstudyinthefirstplace.Inmyopinor,Ichoosethewayistocombinegettingmoneyfromparentsandworking.Ononehand,mostoftheeducationfeescanbegotfromparents.Onanotherhand,Ispendmysparetimedoingsomejobsasprivateteaching.Throughdoingpart-timejobIcannotonlyearnmoneybutalsoobtainsomesocialexperience.Socialexperienceisalsoveryimportanttome.ThisisthewayhowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Themostusualwayisusethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifsomeone’sfamilysituationisnotwellhecanapplyforloantobank.Thegovernmentwillhelpthestudentslikethis.Themostusualwayistousethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifone’sfamilyisnotwelloff,hecanapplytothebankforaloan.

Thegovernmentencouragesbankstoprovideloansfortheneedystudents.Otherwayisfindajobthroughschool’shelp.Ofcoursewestillputstudyinthefirstplace.Anotherwayistofindapart-timejobthroughthehelpofone’sschool.Ofcourseweshouldalwaysputstudyinthefirstplace.5pointsWeareinthecollege.Thetuitionandfeesisveryexpensive.Wecangetitinmanyways.Example,wecanthroughourparentsgetit,alsowecanearnmoneyoutofclassgetit.Andevenwecanthroughtheschoolgetitandsoon.Ifyourstudyhardandgetahighscore,theschoolwillbeprideofyouwithmoney.Youcanalsoborrowitfromschool.ButIwouldbebettertoearnmoneyoutofclass.Becauseitcanadaptmeachancewhichisdoingsomethingbymyself.Itletmeknowthatthemoneyisnoteasyearn.Ishouldmakegooduseofmoney.Imustalsostudyharderthanother,becauseIlostmytimeofstudying.Soitletmemakegooduseoftime.ThisisjusthowIfinancemycollegeeducation.2pointsHowIfinancemycollegeeducation?Followingwayismythinktothequestion.Therehavemanyofdifferentroadstofinanceone’scollegetuitionandfees.Thedifferentpeoplehasdifferentidea,exampleisyoucandosomeworkforyourtuitionandfees,ordoyourbestinyourstudying,thenyouwillgetmoney.But,inmainsisyourmotherandfather’smoney.Though,Idoesn’tleaveoffmymother.Ihasdonesomeworkoutofschool,somethingismyselftofind,Itcangetonlylittlemoney,butI’mveryhappyinmyheart.Itcan’tfinancemyUniversitytuition.Itcareducemymother’smoney.ItisminethatHowIfinancemycollegeeducation.写作步骤审题立意提纲草稿修改常用句型文章开始Tobeginwith,tostartwithGenerallyspeakingWith(thedevelopment/progress/growth)of(economy/society)…常用句型文章结尾：InconclusionInbrief,inshort,inawordTosumup,insummaryItishightimethatOnlywhen…canwee.g.onlywhenwefullyrealizetheimportanceofitcanwemakefulluseofit.常用句型先后次序：Tobeginwith…,moreover…,finallyMeanwhileEventually,finallyLastbutnottheleast常用句型比较对比UnlikeIncontrastOntheotherhandLikewiseComparedwith,incomparisonwith,whencomparedwithAsopposedtocontraryto,onthecontrary常用句型表示解释：inaddition,for,inthiscase,furthermore,inface表示强调：certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant表示让步：although,nevertheless,ofcourse,afterall,clearly,still,yet表示举例：forexample,forinstance,suchas,next递进或补充：inaddition,furthermore,also,moreover,yet快速阅读快速浏览大小标题根据题干关键词，准确定位，确定答案考试形式一篇250词左右的英语文章中去掉10个单词，在文末给出15个包含有答案的词语供考生选择。考查目标阅读能力根据上下文确切理解句子的能力语法和词汇应用能力遣词造句能力动词名词/代词n./pron.及物动词vt.

名词/代词n./pron.（主+谓+宾）

Notlongago,manycardealers______womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.名词/代词n./pron.不及物动词vi.（主+谓）名词/代词n./pron.不及物动词vi.

副词/介词(主+谓---固定搭配)名词/代词n./pron.系动词linkv./be动词形容词adj.(主+系+表)不定式to+动词v.

Anotherwayto______nuclearwasteistosenditintospace,tothesun,whereitwouldbeburned.*确定空白处应填动词后，还要根据上下文确定动词时态。名词冠词、形容词或及物动词名词名词（主语）谓语动词介词名词（宾语）名词单复数的确定可根据：上下文内容、冠词、谓语动词形容词Be动词或系动词形容词形容词名词名词形容词副词形容词副词副词形容词如果空格处所在的句子有完整的主语和谓语，这时应该考虑此处是否需要一个副词，用来修饰该动词。某些副词用来引到一个句子，在句子中作状语，表达转折、因果、让步等逻辑关系：however，therefore,although,etc.分词进行时现在完成时或过去完成时：has/have/had+p.p.被动语态用作形容词选词其他原则根据文章主题确定词义范围根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定词义范围与色彩：并列，递进，顺序，因果，转折，让步，条件实战演习Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.

Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)abundantI)establishing

B)charactersJ)narrow

C)communicatingK)naturally

D)completelyL)personnel

E)deriveM)properly

F)desireN)respect

G)diversityO）widen

H)escape阅读选项，词性分类A)abundantadj. I)establishingv+ing

B)charactersn+s J)narrowadj.

C)communicatingv+ingK)naturallyadv.

D)completelyadv.L)personneln. E)derivev. M)properlyadv.

F)desirev.n. N)respectv.

G)diversityn.O）widenv.

H)escapev.

阅读选项，词性分类名词：B)charactersn+s G)diversityn. L)personneln. F)desiren.动词：C)communicatingv+ingI)establishingv+ing E)derivev.F)desirev. N)respectv.

O）widenv.H)escapev.

形容词：A)abundantadj. J)narrowadj.

副词：K)naturallyadv.D)completelyadv.M)properlyadv.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.名词：B)charactersn+s

F)desirev G)diversityn.

L)personneln.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,副词： K)naturallyadv. D)completelyadv.

M)properlyadv.篇章阅读理解考察目标考题设置答题步骤真题分析篇章阅读理解考察目标：掌握所读材料的主旨大意了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节既理解字面意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论既理解个别句子的意思，也理解上下文的逻辑关系篇章阅读理解考题设置几乎所有题都与文章的“主题”有着密切关系。正确选项是对文章中的例证事实或者段落大意的归纳。关键词同义替换正话反说或反话正说篇章阅读理解答题步骤仔细读题，定位关键词看文章定位答案Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可战胜的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-upsRegularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可战胜的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,‘Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...’”59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…’(line2,para,8)?A.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortuneThenthereistheostrichapproach,“somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffearRegularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”

61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen完形填空题型介绍命题趋势解题步骤常见考点真题示例完形填空题型介绍分值比例：10%考试时间：15mins对考生的语言知识和能力要求：阅读理解能力整体语感和语篇分析能力句法结构知识词汇知识（词汇量、构词知识、近义词辨析、语义的内涵和外延、联想和搭配）句型搭配知识（动词、名词、形容词的惯用句型，动词、名词、形容词、副词这间的搭配及其与介词的搭配）完形填空命题趋势：文章体裁和题材多样化词义辨析题居多，语法题淡化注重文章整体理解完形填空解题步骤：通读全文，掌握大意结合语境，选择最佳前后联系，注意语法词汇考核，注意搭配通读全文，核实答案完形填空常见考点：词汇辨析题词汇搭配题语法知识题逻辑关系题完形填空真题示例词汇辨析题Asyousleepyoupassthroughasequenceofsleepstates---lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep---that_71_approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan_72_howyoufeellater,andmay_73_haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase_74_youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.71.A.reveals B.reverses C.resumes D.repeats72.A.effect B.affect C.reflect D.perfect73.A.already B.ever C.never D.even74.A.means B.marks C.says D.dictates完形填空词汇搭配题:ButareviewofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat____themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailingThelistenermusthearthesoundsto______outwhatthespeakermeans.A.putB.takeC.drawD.figure完形填空逻辑关系题Languageisameansofcommunication,_68_itismuchmorethanthat.68.A.so B.but C.or D.forButhumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,_71_thingslikeunicorn(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.71.A.only B.almost C.even D.just翻译题型介绍命题趋势评分标准真题示例考点分析模拟练习翻译------题型介绍汉译英，共5句。一句一题，句长15-30词。时间为5分钟，占总分值5%。翻译------命题趋势原文长度难度稳定语法词汇为考试重点原文语言简练朴实翻译------评分标准整体内容和语言均正确，得1分结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分整体意思正确，但语言有错误，得0.5分整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计翻译------真题示例2006年12月87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______(适应不同文化中的生活）.答案：adjust/adapttolifeinadifferentculture1分：adapttothelifeinthedifferentcultureadaptoneselftolifeindifferentkindsofculturebeadaptedtothelifeindifferentculturesgetused/beaccustomedtolifeinadifferentcultureadjusttolivesin/ofdifferentculture0.5分：adaptthemselvestoadifferentculturelife(语言错误)adapttoliveindifferentcultures(语言错误)adjusttothelivinginadifferentculture(语言错误)survive/live/exit/stayalive/fitin/getalonginadifferentculture(语言不确切)0分：suit/fit/suitablethelifeinadifferentculturefixtolifebetweendifferencecountriesadopttolifewithdifferentcultureliveindifferentcustomers翻译------考点分析倒装结构强调结构虚拟语气从句非谓语动词重点词汇固定搭配翻译------考点分析倒装结构“Only+状语”置于句首的倒装常用于这一结构中的短语有：Onlyinthisway,onlythen,onlybychance,onlyrecently,onlyonrareoccasionOnlythendidheunderstandit.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.Onlyinthiswaycanwelearnaforeignlanguage.Only+状语从句，主句中的主谓必须倒装，而不是从句中的主谓倒装：Onlywhenaman’slifecomestoitsendinprosperitydarewepronouncehimhappy.OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.若only修饰的是句子主语，不用倒装。Onlysheknewhowtodealwiththisproblem.翻译------考点分析倒装结构Never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装：NeverwillIdothatagain.Notoncedidhetalktome.Notonlyisitlegal,it’sverypopular.Nolongerishelivinghere.Hardlydoeshereadanythingatall.Scarcelycanyouexpecthimtobelievethat.LittledidIthinkhewouldtakemeseriously.BynomeansamIsatisfiedwithmypresentincome.Onnoaccountshouldtheprisonerbeleftunguarded.Invaindidwetrytopersuadeher.Hedidn’tsmoke,nordidhedrink.Ihaven’tbeentotheexhibition;neitherdoIintendtogo.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoicedidheturnhishead.翻译------考点分析倒装结构Themore…,themore…结构中的倒装Themorehehas,themorehewants.Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Themoreyouexplain,themoreconfusedIam.翻译------考点分析倒装结构用倒装语序表示让步：Coldasitwas,hewentoutwithoutanovercoat.Strangethoughitmayseem,hearrivedearly.Childthathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Tryashewould,hecouldnotlifttherock.翻译------模拟练习倒装结构______(她刚睡着)whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.______(安妮刚到达)thanshefellill.Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor,______(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Onlythen______(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice______(我们才能做成这笔买卖).参考译文ScarcelyhadshefallenasleepNosoonerhadAnnearrivednordidthewifesayawordofwelcomedidthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededsurgerycanweconcludethebusiness翻译------考点分析强调结构Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who…强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式变化被强调部分如果是人，可以用who,也可以用that,其他情况用that在not…

until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前。构成itisnotuntil…that结构：______(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.Itwasnotuntilthedeadlinethehesentout翻译------模拟练习强调结构：______(正是杰斐逊写下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.______(作者是带着真挚的感情)praisesallthatisprogressive.______(正是因为水涨了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.______(人们听见正是吉姆这个无情的家伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.______(直到我告诉她)Mrs..Williamsknewanythingaboutit.参考答案：ItwasJeffersonwhowroteItiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthorItwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthatItwasJim,theheartlessfellow,whowasheardItwasnotuntilItoldherthat翻译------模拟练习虚拟语气：Iusedmycalculator;______(否则，我会话更长的时间才能算出这道题).WereIinyourplace,______(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,______(这项法案早就通过了).Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,______(人类的继续存在就会有危险).Iwish______(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).参考译文：otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestioniwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitationthisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlierthecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeindangerihadhadyouropportunitieswheniwasyoung翻译------模拟练习虚拟语气：Ifonly______(他知道这病是可以治好的),thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.Weinsistthat______(让汤姆立刻进医院).Itwasadvisedthat______(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).Hisproposalwasthat______(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat______(取消期中考试).参考译文：hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurabletom(should)besenttohospitalrightnowmoremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialareathey(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem.themid-termexams(should)becanceled翻译------考点分析从句翻译名词性从句ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife______(是用他们能够接到多少来衡量的).ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan定语从句ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis______(我们可以合作的领域).onefieldwecanmakejointeffortson/onefieldwecancooperatein状语从句Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,______(无论我做出什么样的牺牲).whateverImayhavetosacrifice/nomatterwhatsacrificeIhavetomake(让步状语从句）Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople______(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome(时间状语从句）Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,______(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).whileanimalbehaviormainlydependsontheirinstinct(比较状语从句）翻译------模拟练习从句翻译：Thisnovelisjust______(我一直在寻找).Itisnotyetknow______(机器人是否有一天能拥有像人一样的视力).______(她是否喜欢那个礼物)isnotcleartome.Someoftheroadswereflooded,______(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).Heintroducedmetohisstudents,______(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).参考译文：whatihavebeenlookingforwhether/ifrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashuman'sWhethershelikesthepresentwhichmadeourjourneymoredifficultmostofwhomwereEnglishmajors翻译------模拟练习从句翻译：______(众所周知),waterisaliquid.Weclimbedhigh______(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).Theproblemwassocomplicated______(花了我们两周才解决).Youcangoout______(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).Irememberthewholething______(仿佛是昨天发生的).参考译文：Asisknowntoallsothatwemightgetabetterviewthatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveitaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11p.m.asifithappenedyesterday翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---不定式：要求后接不定式的动词：Afford,aim,agree,attempt,consent,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hasten,hope,hurry,intend,long,love,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,strive,struggle,tend,undertake,want,wish例：Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete______(决定退出比赛)。decidedtoquitthematch翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---不定式：主语是：allonehastodo,allonecando,allonedoes,thefirstthingonecando,whatonedoes时，不定式在句中作表语，可以省去to例如：ThefirstthingtheydidinBeijingwas______(给你买礼物).buyapresentforyou翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---不定式：表示否定含义的副词，必须置于不定式之前：Hewassoconcertedas______(不相信专家们的智慧).nottobelieveinthewisdomofthespecialists动名词和分词的否定结构同上Whatdoyouthinkofnotgivingadiscount?翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---不定式：onlytodo作结果状语，引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,______(结果却发现火车刚刚离站).onlytofindthetrainhadjustleftAlltoooften,womencomplainthatthey’reeducatedasequals,______(结果在职业场上却被认为低人一等).onlytogooutintotheworkforcetobetreatedasinferiors.翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---不定式完成式：发生在谓语动作之前的动作WearehappytohavevisitedsomanyhistoricplacesinBeijing.Humansarebelievedtohaveevolvedfromtheprimatespecies.表示“非真实”的过去,用在表示打算、需要、计划等动词过去时后面，表示本来打算做但实际上没有实现的动作：mean,intend,think,plan,hope,wish,proposeWehopeinacoupleofdaystohavegottheplayandsenttoyou.表示将来Shehopestohavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback.翻译------考点分析非谓语动词---v+ingadmit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,postpone,practise,quit,recall,regret,report,resent,resist,resume,risk,suggestApproveof,counton,dependon,giveup,insiston,keepon,succeedin,thinkabout,thinkof,refrainfrom,worryabout,relyon,persistin,beusedto,putoff,betteroff,feellike,leaveoff,lookforwardt