2022届江西省5月高考适应性大练兵联考英语试卷（含答案解析）

第25页/共25页江西省5月高考适应性大练兵联考英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Classmates.2.WhydoesthewomanturntoMarkusforhelp?A.Heisgoodtothewoman.B.HeknowsGermanywell.C.Heworksasaconsultant.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inafruitshop.4.Whendoesthemanwantthemeetingtobeheld?A.At9am.B.At11am.C.At1pm.5.WhatdoesJackthinkofFriendsForever?A.Brilliant.B.Exciting.C.Dull.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whereistheman?A.Ataswimmingpool.B.Intheopenair.C.Attheparty.7.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themancaughtafishlasttime.B.Themangoesfishingeverymonth.C.Shedoesn'tbelievetheman'swords.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whoisthewoman?A.Adoctor.B.Apainter.C.Anassistant.9.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hehurthisankle.B.Hefelloffthehouse.C.Hebrokeapaintcan.10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingaphonecall.B.Paintingahouse.C.Tryingnottostandup.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthedialoguecover?A.Eatinglikeahorse.B.Gettingadog.C.Drivingatruck.12.Whatcanwesayabouttheman?A.Wealthy.B.Humorous.C.Kind-hearted.13.Whatisworth$24.70?A.Dogfood.B.Afruitcan.C.Tomatojuice.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisrulenumberone?A.Drivingaccompaniedbyothers.B.Wearingtheseatbelt.C.Neverdrivingatnight.15.Whyisthedaughterallowedtodrivetothecinemaatnight?A.Itisfarfromtheirhome.B.Thefatherwillgowithher.C.Itisrelativelysafeforher.16Whatdoesthefatheraskhisdaughtertodointheend?A.Fillupthecar.B.Walktoschool.C.Gohomeearlier.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howmanylightningmighthittheearthperweek?A.8million.B.56million.C.100million.18.WhendoeslightninghappenmostinIndia?A.May.B.June.C.July.19.WhichpartofIndiaoftenwitnesseslightning?AThenorthernarea.B.Thesouthernarea.C.Theeasternarea.20.Whatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.Theharmoflightning.B.Waystoavoidlightningstrikes.C.Safetytipswhenlightningoccurs.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AClimateScienceOlympiad2022Firstlaunchedin2021,CSOlympiadhostedmorethan12,000participantsfrom149countriesinitsfirstyear.TheawardceremonyforCS021washostedattheUnitedNationsclimatesummit,COP26inGlasgow,withDr.JaneGoodallasoneofthespeakers.Theceremonycanbewatchedhere—/watch?v=CjJ3cCRP9FU.AwardThetop100,top20,andtop10participantsgetadigitalBronze,SilverandGoldmedal,respectively.Inaddition,weprovide$15,000ofprizemoneyforthetenGoldmedalists,dividedasfollows:·#1wins$5,000·#2wins$3,000·#3wins$2,000·#4-6win$1,000·#7-10win$500In2021,thetop3participantsgotaspeakingchanceattheUN'sClimateSummit.Wehopetoagaingivethetopparticipantssuchanopportunityin2022.QualificationTheOlympiadisopentoyoungpeoplefromage13to19.Theycanregisterforfreeeithersoloorinateamoftwoandtakethe25-minqualifierquiz.DeadlineTheOlympiadwilltakeplacefromJanuarytoNovemberinfourrounds—Qualifiers,Quarterfinals,Semifinals,andFinals.Thedeadlinetoregisterforthequalifierstageis10thAugust2022.Benefits·Allparticipantswillbeawardedacertificateforparticipation,anotableadditiontoanycollegeapplication.·Participantsmustseekcreativesolutionstoproblemsrelatedtoclimatechange,aprocessinwhichtheydevelopskillssuchasproblem-solving,research,analysisandself-learning.·Toprepare,participantswillgetaccesstofreepreparationmaterial-CSQuizappandCScourses.·ParticipantswillalsogetaspecialinvitationtojointheOlympiadDiscordserverandinteractwithparticipantsglobally.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutClimateScienceOlympiad?A.ItwasorganizedbyJaneGoodall. B.Allparticipantscangetcashprizes.C.Theactivityhasahistoryof2021years. D.Thepreviousceremonycanbewatchedonline.2.Whoarewelcometotakepartinthisactivity?A.Teenagestudents. B.Collegegraduates.C.Professionaldoctors. D.Youngscientists.3.Howcanparticipantsbenefitfromtheactivity?A.Theycangetacertificateforgraduation.B.Theycandeveloptheabilitytosolveproblems.C.Theymightgainfreeaccesstoaspecialcollege.D.Theywillgainachancetotravelaroundtheglobe.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一则关于奥林匹克竞赛的启事，包括报名截止日期、奖品以及参赛条件等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theceremonycanbewatchedhere—/watch?v=CGjJ3cCRP9FU.(仪式可以在/watch?v=CjJ3cCRP9FU观看)”可知，本文出现在网上，而且通过点击链接可以在线观看之前的颁奖仪式。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Qualification部分中“TheOlympiadisopentoyoungpeoplefromage13to19.(奥林匹克运动会对13到19岁的年轻人开放)”可知，青少年学生能够参加此次活动。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Benefits部分中“·Participantsmustseekcreativesolutionstoproblemsrelatedtoclimatechange,aprocessinwhichtheydevelopskillssuchasproblem-solving,research,analysisandself-learning.(·参与者必须寻求与气候变化有关问题的创造性解决方案，在这个过程中，他们发展了解决问题、研究、分析和自学等技能)”可知，参与者通过参加活动能够培养解决问题的能力。故选B。BManyfarmersinChinaareexploringnewcareerpaths.Fromdrone(无人机)operatorstosocialmediainfluencers,newtypesofoccupationstakenonbyChinesefarmersnotonlybringhigherincomesbutalsoputnewlifeintoChina'sruralarea.InApril2016,YuXiaojun,28,foundedanagriculturalmachineryservicescooperativeinpartnershipwithhisfriendstoprovideservicesincludingsowing,cropprotectionandharvestingforlargefarmswithdrones.Thecooperativenowhasover100setsofmachineryandequipmentandmorethan20staffmembers.ManyyoungpeopleaskYutoteachthemhowtoflydrones.Asashort-videocrazesweepsChina,manyfarmersarebecomingenthusiasticaboutsharingtheirlivesonline.Livestreaminghasbecomeanewfarmingtool,allowingfarmerstoreapthebenefitsofsellinggoodsdirectlytourbanconsumers.Holdingaplateofdriedsweetpotatoes,ZhangChuanfengstoodinfrontofamobilephonetointroducethelocalproducts.The40-year-oldfarmeris1.4meterstallandwasworriedabouthisfutureafterstrugglinginvariousjobsbecauseheistooshort.However,histransitionhasbeenasuccess.Withthesupportofthelocalgovernment,Zhangrentedastallandopenedhisonlinebusiness.Toimprovehismarketingskills,heattendedtrainingcoursesandlearnedfromotheronlinestreamers.InApril2020,Zhangstartedlivestreamingsales.Theproductsreceivedpositivefeedbackfromthemarket,andthatencouragedZhangtoincludemoretypesoflocalspecialtiesinhissales.Hishardworkpaidoff.NowZhanghasover90,000followersontheDouyinshort-videoplatform.Hemade5millionyuanfromsalesoflocalspecialtieslastyear.Healsovolunteeredtohelplocalssellotherproductsincludinghoney,organiceggsandfishthroughlivestreaming.“Throughmyefforts,Ihaveliftedmyfamilyoutofpoverty,whichwasunimaginablebefore,”Zhangsaid.“Comparedtoprofessionallivestreamers,wearejustattheprimarystage.Ihopemoreprofessionalswilljoinusandwecanbuildourbrand.”4.WhatdoesYuXiaojunmostlikelyagreewith?A.TraditionalfarmsshouldbeenlargedinChina.B.Farmersshouldhavetheirownmodernmachines.C.Operatingdronesispopularamongyoungfarmers.D.Farmingneedsthesupportofscienceandtechnology.5.WhatwasabarriertoZhangChuanfeng’scareer?A.Hisknowledge. B.Hisidentity.C.Hisheight. D.Hisbackground.6.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeZhangChuanfeng?A.Easy-going. B.Warm-hearted.C.Well-educated. D.Strong-minded.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SocialMediaIsTakingOver B.FarmersAreinNeedofTechnologyC.DronesAreGettingPopularinChina D.FarmersAreCreatingNewCareerPaths【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国的许多农民正在开辟新的职业道路。从无人机操作员到社交媒体网红，中国农民从事的新型工作不仅带来了更高的收入，也为中国农村带来了新生活。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“InApril2016,YuXiaojun,28,foundedanagriculturalmachineryservicescooperativeinpartnershipwithhisfriendstoprovideservicesincludingsowing,cropprotectionandharvestingforlargefarmswithdrones.(2016年4月，28岁的于晓军和朋友合伙成立了农机服务合作社，用无人机为大农场提供播种、保护、收获等服务。)”可知，于晓军成立公司利用无人机为农民提供播种、收获等技术支持，由此判断他认可“农业需要科学技术的支撑”。D项“Farmingneedsthesupportofscienceandtechnology.”(农业需要科技支撑。)符合推断，故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“The40-year-oldfarmeris1.4meterstallandwasworriedabouthisfutureafterstrugglinginvariousjobsbecauseheistooshort.(这位40岁的农民身高1.4米，由于个子太矮，在各种工作中苦苦挣扎后，他对自己的未来感到担忧)”可知，他的身高曾经阻碍了他的职业发展。C项“Hisheight.”（他的身高）符合原文表述，故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“Healsovolunteeredtohelplocalssellotherproductsincludinghoney,organiceggsandfishthroughlivestreaming.(他还自愿通过直播帮助当地人销售其他产品，包括蜂蜜、有机鸡蛋和鱼。)”可知，他志愿帮助当地人直播销售农产品，由此推断他是一个热心的人。B项“Warm-hearted.”（热心肠）符合原文推断，故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章首段提出了中国的农民正在开创新的事业，然后介绍了用无人机助农以及直播带货而获得成功的两位农民的故事，由此判断D选项“FarmersAreCreatingNewCareerPaths”（农民正在创造新的职业道路）可以概括文章中心，故选D项。CIcon,theAustin-basedstartupthatdesignedthe3Dprinter,isbuildingsixsmallhomesonthesitecalledCommunityFirst!Village,creatingtheworld'sfirst3D-printedneighborhood.Theprintersqueezesoutthecompany'scustom（定制的）,low-costmaterialtobuildwallsashighas8.5feetandaswideas28feet;thewallsforasinglesmallhousecanbecompletedover24hours.Fornow,therestofthehouseisbuilttraditionally.Workerspreparethesiteandlayafoundation,andafterthewallsareprinted,theyaddtheroof,windows,doorsandpipesystem.Thoughthetechnologyisstillatanearlystage,it'sbelievedthatitwillultimatelybepossibletoprintahomeathalfthecostoftraditionalconstruction,inhalfthetime.Thematerialisalsostrongerindisasterslikehurricanesthanatraditionalstick-builthouse.That'sonereasonthatitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforaffordablehousing.ForCommunityFirst!Village,choosingtotestthenewtechnologywasanaturalextensionofitswillingnesstoexperiment.Thecommunitywasestablishedin2015,createdbyAlanGraham,whohadspentthepasttwodecadesvolunteeringonthestreetsofAustin.Ratherthanjustprovidinghousingtothoseexperiencinghomelessness,Grahamwantedtoprovideatruesenseofcommunity.Thevillage,filledwithtinyhousesandRVs,wasinspiredinpartbyhisexperiencetravelinginRVparks,whereneighborsnaturallygatheredoutside.Thevillagehasoutdoorkitchens,adogpark,agarden,acommunitymarket,andotherplacesforpeopletomeetandtalk."There'sallactivitiestobringyououtofthehouseandtointeractwitheachotherandsupporteachother,"saysShea,aresidentofthevillage.Therearemorethan200homesinthecommunitynow,andasitexpandstoaddmorethan300additionalhomes,someresidentsaremovingintothenewsectionofthecommunity.8.Whichpartofthehousescanbeprinted?A.Theroofstructure. B.Thewindows.C.Thewalls. D.Thepipenetwork.9.Whatisanadvantageof3D-printedhouses?A.Accommodatingmorepeople. B.Beingeasiertobemovedaround.C.Providingnicerlivingexperience. D.Increasingthefirmnessofthehouses.10.HowdidGrahamgettheideaofCommunityFirst!Village?A.Histravelingexperienceinspiredhim.B.Thefriendlyneighborsmadeasuggestion.C.Hisinterestinvolunteeringremindedhim.D.Theconditionofhiscommunitytouchedhim.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.3Dtechnologyisusedtobuildhouses.B.Thehomelessgotfree3D-printedhouses.C.Newcommunitieswillfeature3Dtechnology.D.3D-printedhouseswillreplacetraditionalones.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀的一家公司利用3D打印技术帮助建造低成本的房屋、建设新社区。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theprintersqueezesoutthecompany'scustom（定制的）,low-costmaterialtobuildwallsashighas8.5feetandaswideas28feet;thewallsforasinglesmallhousecanbecompletedover24hours.(打印机压制出定制版的,由低成本的材料建造墙壁，高达8.5英尺,宽28英尺；一座小房子的墙壁可以在24小时内完成)”可知，房子的墙壁可由打印机完成。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thematerialisalsostrongerindisasterslikehurricanesthanatraditionalstick-builthouse.(这种材料在飓风等灾害中也比传统的树枝建造的房子更坚固)”可知，这种打印的房子优势是它的坚固性。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Thevillage,filledwithtinyhousesandRVs,wasinspiredinpartbyhisexperiencetravelinginRVparks(这个村庄里满是小房子和房车，部分灵感来自于他在房车公园旅行的经历)”可知，Graham的第一社区的想法来自于他在房车公园的经历。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Icon,theAustin-basedstartupthatdesignedthe3Dprinter,isbuildingsixsmallhomesonthesitecalledCommunityFirst!Village,creatingtheworld'sfirst3D-printedneighborhood(设计了3D打印机的奥斯汀初创公司Icon正在建造名为第一社区的房子。创造了世界上第一个3D打印社区)”可知，第一段首先提出由3D打印创建房子，以此引出本文的主旨。故选A。DPeopledependoninsectstopollinatetheplantsthatmakemanyofthefruits,nutsandvegetablesweeat.Paststudieshadshownurbanairpollutionmightveilthesmellsinsectsusetofindflowers.Computermodelspredictedthiswouldcauseproblemsforinsects,seekingflowersforameal.Butscientistsweren’tsurethatwouldhappeninreallife.JamesRyalls,abiologist,andhisteamdecidedtofindoutifitwould.Workinginafield,hisgroupcraftedasystemmadeupoflargerings.Eachareawasopen,sonearbyinsectscouldflyintoit.Theresearcherspumpedpollutantgasesintotheserings.Thenduringeachfieldseason,thescientistsrecordedhowmanytimespollinatorsvisitedtheflowersineachring.“Theresultsweremuchmoreseverethanwethought,”Ryallssays.Addingpollution“causedupto90percentfewerinsectstobeabletofindtheflowersthattheyneedforfood,”hesays.Thiswasincomparisontothepollutant-freerings.Insomecases,onlysome30percentofthepollinatinginsectsevenenteredthecircleswithpollutedgases.Countinginsectsprovedeasierthangettingthepollutionintotherings,notesRyalls.Hespentmuchofhistimeworkingonpartsofthesystemthatneededfixing.Alongtheway,gasspillsoccurred.“BytheendofeachsummerexperimentIsmeltlikeapetrolstation,”hesays.Oneeffect:“Insectsnowavoidme.”Later,theycountedseedpodsontheplants.Overall,onlyaroundseveninevery10flowershadbeenpollinated.Thatmeanstherewerefarfewerseedsinpollutedcircles.Ifthesewerefruitorvegetableplants,therewouldhavebeenfarlessfoodproduced.Thisstudyfocusedoninsectsfindingflowers.Butinsectsalsousesmellsforcommunicationandattractingmates.Ifairpollutioncoversthosesmellstoo,thesetinyanimalsmightfacemorethreatstotheirsurvival.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“veil”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Add. B.Mask. C.Release. D.Form.13.Whatdidscientistsdointheexperiment?A.Theycountedinsectvisitstoflowers. B.Theystudieddifferentpollutedgases.C.Theydrovesomeinsectsintotherings. D.Theypollinatedflowersbythemselves.14.WhatisthefindingofRyalls’experiment?A.Pollutioncanresultinfewerflowers. B.Insectsareafraidoftheringsinthefield.C.Insectsstruggletofindflowersinpollutedair. D.Plantflowersdependoninsectstopollinate.15.Whatismostprobablytalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?A.Theaimofthestudy. B.Waystohelppollinators.C.Insects’varioussurvivalskills. D.Insects’meansofcommunication.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究。研究发现城市的空气污染可能会影响昆虫寻找花朵的气味，同时也会影响花朵的授粉。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“thesmellsinsectsusetofindflowers”以及最后一段中“Ifairpollutioncoversthosesmellstoo,thesetinyanimalsmightfacemorethreatstotheirsurvival.(如果空气污染也掩盖了这些气味，这些小动物的生存可能会面临更多的威胁)”可知，空气污染会掩盖花朵的气味，从而会影响昆虫寻找花朵完成授粉。故画线词意思是“掩盖”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thenduringeachfieldseason,thescientistsrecordedhowmanytimespollinatorsvisitedtheflowersineachring.(然后，在每个田间季节，科学家们记录下传粉者在每个环中拜访花朵的次数)”可知，科学家在实验中要记录昆虫光顾实验圈子中的花朵的次数。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Paststudieshadshownurbanairpollutionmightveilthesmellsinsectsusetofindflowers.Computermodelspredictedthiswouldcauseproblemsforinsects,seekingflowersforameal.Butscientistsweren’tsurethatwouldhappeninreallife.(过去的研究表明，城市空气污染可能掩盖了昆虫寻找花朵的气味。计算机模型预测，这将给昆虫带来麻烦，它们会寻找花朵作为食物。但科学家们不确定这是否会在现实生活中发生)”可知，科学家们想试验被污染的空气是否会影响昆虫光顾花朵的次数，结合第三段““Theresultsweremuchmoreseverethanwethought,”Ryallssays.Addingpollution“causedupto90percentfewerinsectstobeabletofindtheflowersthattheyneedforfood,”hesays.Thiswasincomparisontothepollutant-freerings.Insomecases,onlysome30percentofthepollinatinginsectsevenenteredthecircleswithpollutedgases.(“结果比我们想象的要严重得多，”Ryalls说。他说，增加污染“导致能够找到它们所需食物的花朵的昆虫减少了90%。”这是与无污染环相比。在某些情况下，只有大约30%的传粉昆虫进入了污染气体的圈子)”可知，实验表明受污染的圈子里面进入的昆虫明显减少，由此证明空气污染会给寻找花朵的昆虫带来困难。即，Ryalls的实验发现昆虫很难在污染的空气中找到花朵。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisstudyfocusedoninsectsfindingflowers.Butinsectsalsousesmellsforcommunicationandattractingmates.Ifairpollutioncoversthosesmellstoo,thesetinyanimalsmightfacemorethreatstotheirsurvival.(这项研究的重点是昆虫寻找花朵。但是昆虫也用气味来交流和吸引配偶。如果空气污染也掩盖了这些气味，这些小动物的生存可能会面临更多的威胁)”提到如果空气污染也掩盖了花朵的气味，这些昆虫的生存可能会面临威胁，由此推断接下来会介绍如何采取措施救助这些昆虫。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aneco-friendlylunchbagisgreatbecauseitisagame-changer.___16___Itissoconvenientthat,afterbuyingone,you’llwonderhowyoueversurvivedtheworkdaywithoutahandysupplyoffoodstoredunderyourdesk.WhydoIfocusonlunchbags?Becauseit'ssobeneficialbothpersonallyandenvironmentally.Hereisalistofmyreasons:___17___Dependingonwhereyoulive,youcouldsave$1,000-$3,000peryear.IhadapersonalfinancialcrisisafewyearsagoandIwasflooredbyhowmuchmoneyIsavedjustbypackingaluncheveryday.Buyinglunchinsingle-useitemsiswasteful.Ifyoubuyasmallmealandadrink,youcouldgothroughmanysingle-useitemsandapileofnapkinswitheachmeal.___18___Nowsuchlunchbagshavebeeninventedbyrü.Thiscompany,whosenameisshortfor“re-use”,isbasedinVancouver,BritishColumbia.___19___Andpost-consumerplasticwastecanbemadefulluseof.Justasimpressiveastherecycledmaterialisthefactthatrübagsaremachinewashable.Moreover,thebagsarelovelytolookatandcomeinawiderangeofcolorsandpatterns.Thebagsalsohaveanimpressive3-galloncapacity.Theroll-downtopmeanstheycanbeeasilyadjustedforsize.___20___Combinedwithsomelightweightsandwichbags,everythingcanbeputinabriefcaseorclippedontoapurseattheendoftheday.A.Whenempty,itcanberolledupeasily.B.Soyoucanbuyonethatadjuststoyourbag.C.Everyonewantstoownabeautifullunchbag.D.Bringinglunchtoworksavessomuchmoney.E.Itcreatesbeautifullunchbagsfromrecycledmaterial.F.Itsavesmoney,boostsnutrition,reducesplasticwaste.G.Packinglunchsavesthousandsofsingle-useproductseveryyear.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环保午餐袋的好处以及一家公司生产的环保午餐袋的特点。【16题详解】上文“Aneco-friendlylunchbagisgreatbecauseitisagame-changer.”(环保午餐袋很棒，因为它是游戏规则改变者。)提到了，好的午餐袋是规则改变者，F选项“Itsavesmoney,boostsnutrition,reducesplasticwaste.”(用午餐袋自带午餐能省钱，增进你的营养，还能减少塑料垃圾)解释了它如何改变规则，且其中的“It”代指上文的“Aneco-friendlylunchbag”，F项符合上下文连贯，故选F。【17题详解】下文“Dependingonwhereyoulive,youcouldsave$1,000—$3,000peryear.”(根据您居住的地方，您每年可以节省1,000至3,000美元。)提及了，自己带午餐可以省钱的具体数额。D项“Bringinglunchtoworksavessomuchmoney.”(自带午餐上班可以省很多钱。)中的“savessomuchmoney”与下文“youcouldsave$1,000—$3,000peryear”相呼应，符合上下文连贯，故选D项。【18题详解】上文“Buyinglunchinsingle-useitemsiswasteful.Ifyoubuyasmallmealandadrink,youcouldgothroughmanysingle-useitemsandapileofnapkinswitheachmeal.”(用一次性用具购买午餐是很浪费的。如果你买了一小顿饭和一杯饮料，你可能会在每顿饭中使用许多一次性物品和一堆餐巾纸。)可知，本段大意为“每天用一次性用具购买午餐会造成浪费，因为会用掉很多一次性物品”。G选项“Packinglunchsavesthousandsofsingle-useproductseveryyear.”(打包午餐每年可节省数千件一次性产品。)承接上文，提出解决这一问题的办法，符合上下文连贯，故选G项。【19题详解】上文“Nowsuchlunchbagshavebeeninventedbyrü.Thiscompany,whosenameisshortfor“re-use”,isbasedinVancouver,BritishColumbia.”(现在这样的午餐袋已经由rü发明了。这家公司的名字是“再利用”的缩写，总部位于不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华。)介绍了发明午餐袋的公司rü。E项“Itcreatesbeautifullunchbagsfromrecycledmaterial.”(它使用回收材料制作精美的午餐袋。)进一步说明该公司制作午餐袋的材料，其中“It”代指上文的“rü”，符合上下文连贯，故选E项。【20题详解】上文“Theroll-downtopmeanstheycanbeeasilyadjustedforsize.”(可滚动的顶部意味着它们可以轻松调整尺寸。)提到了这款午餐袋是可以调整大小的。A选项“Whenempty,itcanberolledupeasily.”(空的时候，很容易卷起来。)进一步说明如何调整大小，符合上下文连贯，故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasanormalmorninginMarch.SondraArtishadjust___21___thelaststudentonherroute.Asheadingtowardstheschool,Sondranoticedaburningsmell.She___22___thebuswindowtoseeifitwasfoggingupfromcondensation（凝结）orifitwas___23___.Whenastudentaskedherwhatwas___24___,shedidherbesttohidehergrowing___25___.Sondrapulledintoaparkinglotandturnedtofacethe20studentson___26___.Sheremindedthemoftheevacuation（疏散）___27___theyonceperformedanddirectedthemtoleavethroughthedoors.“Itoldthekidsthat,‘Youknow,we___28___atthebeginningoftheyear,butthisisgoingtobe___29___,soIneedyoutobecalm,’”saidSondra.Thestudentshurriedtothe____30____assmokebegantofillthebus.Theywere____31____,butSondraremainedcalm.Whentheywereout,shewentbackontothebustomakesureeveryoneleft____32____.Secondsaftertheyall____33____,thebuscaughtfire.Anotherbuscametothe____34____totakethechildrenaway,andSondrawasleft____35____thateverythingworkedoutokay.Thebuscanbe____36____,buthumanlifecannot.Theparentswereincredibly____37____forhergraceunderfire.She'sbeingconsideredasa____38____,andmanyofherstudentswouldliketoseeher____39____forherheroism.“Sondraisaverygoodbusdriver，”saidastudent.“She____40____areward.”21.A.sentaway B.turneddown C.seenoff D.pickedup22.A.repaired B.wiped C.tapped D.opened23.A.steam B.smoke C.fog D.dust24.A.wrong B.lucky C.necessary D.urgent25.A.anger B.curiosity C.embarrassment D.worry26.A.duty B.guard C.board D.vacation27.A.advantages B.drills C.signals D.secrets28.A.met B.separated C.promised D.practiced29.A.early B.amazing C.real D.new30.A.exits B.teacher C.windows D.lifesaver31.A.excited B.tired C.scared D.optimistic32.A.hurriedly B.safely C.firstly D.actively33.A.hid B.landed C.sat D.escaped34.A.scene B.school C.park D.destination35.A.searching B.studying C.thanking D.counting36.A.replaced B.exchanged C.burnt D.controlled37.A.eager B.famous C.grateful D.qualified38.A.student B.leader C.driver D.hero39.A.rewarded B.excused C.apologized D.forgiven40.A.offers B.deserves C.demands D.establishes【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C36.A37.C38.D39.A40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位校车司机在发现车里有异味后，迅速判断汽车状况后冷静地疏散孩子们下车，挽救了一车人性命的故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：SondraArtis刚接了路上最后一个学生。A.sentaway派遣；B.turneddown拒绝；C.seenoff送行；D.pickedup接人。根据下文“Asheadingtowardstheschool,Sondranoticedaburningsmell.She___2___thebuswindowtoseeifitwasfoggingupfromcondensation（凝结）orifitwas___3___.”（在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。她擦了擦车窗，看看是凝结的雾气还是烟雾。）可知，SondraArtis是校车司机，每天接送孩子上学和回家。故事发生当天是SondraArtis接孩子去学校。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。她擦了擦车窗，看看是凝结的雾气还是烟雾。A.repaired修理；B.wiped擦除；C.tapped轻拍；D.opened打开。根据“thebuswindow”（校车窗户）及句意，此处意指SondraArtis擦了擦窗户看看是不是水汽或者烟雾。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。她擦了擦车窗，看看是凝结的雾气还是烟雾。A.steam蒸汽；B.smoke烟；C.fog雾；D.dust灰尘。根据前文“Asheadingtowardstheschool,Sondranoticedaburningsmell.”（在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。）可知，校车出现了问题，她擦了擦窗户确认是不是水汽，或者哪里燃烧了出现了烟雾。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个学生问她出了什么事时，她尽力掩饰她不断增长的担忧。A.wrong错误的；B.lucky幸运的；C.necessary必要的；D.urgent急迫的。根据前文“Asheadingtowardstheschool,Sondranoticedaburningsmell.”（在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。）可知，校车出现了问题，学生问她校车怎么了。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一个学生问她出了什么事时，她尽力掩饰她不断增长的担忧。A.anger生气；B.curiosity好奇；C.embarrassment尴尬；D.worry担忧。根据前文“Asheadingtowardstheschool,Sondranoticedaburningsmell.”（在前往学校的路上，桑德拉闻到了一股烧焦的味道。）可知，校车出现了问题，作为校车司机的桑德拉此时非常担忧。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：桑德拉把车开到停车场，转身面对车上的20名学生。A.duty义务；B.guard保卫；C.board板子；D.vacation假期。根据前文可知，事发时是桑德拉开校车把孩子送到学校的路上，所以现在车上有20个学生。此处考查短语“onboard”（在车上）。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她提醒他们曾经进行过的疏散演习，并指导他们从门里离开。A.advantages优势；B.drills演习；C.signals信号；D.secrets秘密。根据句意及“evacuation”（疏散）可知，此处桑德拉让学生们想想之前在学校进行过的疏散演习是怎样的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：桑德拉说：“我告诉孩子们，‘你们知道，我们在今年年初就练习了，但这将是真实的，所以我需要你们冷静。’”A.met遇见；B.separated分开；C.promised承诺；D.practiced练习。根据上文“Sheremindedthemoftheevacuation（疏散）___7___theyonceperformedanddirectedthemtoleavethroughthedoors.”（她提醒他们曾经进行过的疏散演习，并指导他们从门里离开。）可知，他们学校今年年初进行了疏散演练。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：桑德拉说：“我告诉孩子们，‘你们知道，我们在今年年初就练习了，但这次将是真实的，所以我需要你们冷静。’”A.early早的；B.amazing令人惊讶的；C.real真的；D.new新的。此处意指他们学校年初进行的是疏散演习，但是这一次校车是真的出现的问题。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当烟雾开始弥漫汽车时，学生们急忙向出口跑去。A.exits出口；B.teacher老师；C.windows窗户；D.lifesaver救生员。根据后文“Whentheywereout,shewentbackontothebustomakesureeveryoneleft___12___.”（当他们出去后，她回到车上，确保每个人都安全离开了。）可知，学生们都从校车的车门快速疏散出去了。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很害怕，但桑德拉保持冷静。A.excited兴奋的；B.tired劳累的；C.scared害怕的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据文意及“butSondraremainedcalm”（但桑德拉保持冷静）可知，孩子们现在非常的害怕。故选C项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他们出去后，她回到车上，确保每个人都安全离开了。A.hurriedly急切地；B.safely安全地；C.firstly首先；D.actively积极地。根据常识可知，此处意指桑德拉返回校车看看是否每个学生都安全地撤离出现事故的校车了。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都逃出来几秒钟后，校车就着火了。A.hid躲藏；B.landed降落；C.sat坐；D.escaped逃脱。根据上文“Whentheywereout,shewentbackontothebustomakesureeveryoneleft___12___.”（当他们出去后，她回到车上，确保每个人都安全离开了。）可知，学生们都已经离开了校车，脱离了危险境地。故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一辆校车来到现场把孩子们带走，桑德拉感谢一切顺利。A.scene场景；B.school学校；C.park公园；D.destination目的地。根据文意及“anotherbus”（另一辆校车）可知，此处意指另一辆校车来到现场把学生们都安全地带到学校了。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一辆校车来到现场把孩子们带走，桑德拉感谢一切顺利。A.searching搜寻；B.studying学习；C.thanking感谢；D.counting计数。根据“everythingworkedoutokay”（一切都顺利）以及桑德拉是一位校车司机，遇到校车事故，但是安全地把学生都从事故车中疏散出来，没有出现任何问题，所以她很感激一切顺利。故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：校车可以换新的，但人的生命不能。A.replaced替换；B.exchanged交换；C.burnt燃烧；D.co