英语六级听力原文答案解析

SectionAConversationOneM:SohowlonghaveyoubeenaMarketResearchConsultant?W:Well,Istartedstraightafterfinishinguniversity.M:DidyoustudymarketW:Yeah,anditreallyhelpedmetogetintotheindustry,butIhavetosaythatit'smoreimportanttogetexperienceindifferenttypesofmarketresearchtofindoutexactlywhatyou'reinterestedin.M:SowhatareyouinterestedW:Well,atthemoment,Ispecializeintativeadvertisingresearch,whichmeansthatIdotwotypesofprojects.Trackers,whichareongoingprojectsthatlookattrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiodoftime.Theonlyproblemwithtrackersisthatittakesupalotofyourtime.Butyoudobuildupagoodrelationshipwiththe.Ialsodoacoupleofad-hocjobswhicharemuchshorterM:Whatexactlydoyoumeanbyad-hocW:It'sbasicallywhencompaniesneedquickanswerstotheirquestionsabouttheirconsumers'habits.Theyjustaskforonequestionnairetobesentoutforexample,sothetimeyouspendonanad-hocprojecttendstobefairlyM:Whichdoyouprefer,trackersorad-W:IlikengbothandinfactIneedtodobothatthesametimetokeepmefromgoingcrazy.Ineedthevariety.M:CanyoujustexinwhatprocessyougothroughwithanewW:Well,togetherwedecideonthemethodologyandtheobjectivesoftheresearch.Ithendesignaquestionnaire.Oncetheinterviewershavebeenbriefed,Isendtheascheduleandthentheygetbacktomewithdeadlines.Oncethefinalchartsandtablesareready,Ihavetocheckthemandorganizeapresentation.M:Hmm,onelastquestion,whatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutyourW:AsIsaid,varietyisimportantandasforwhatIdon'tlike,ithastobethecheckingofchartsandtables.WhatpositiondoesthewomanholdintheWhatdoesthewomanspecializeinattheWhatdoesthewomansayaboutWhatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherConversationW:o,I'mherewithFrederick.NowFred,youwenttouniversityin?M:Yeah,that'sW:OK,andyouhaveverystrongviewsaboutuniversitiesinCanada.Couldyoupleaseexin?M:Well,wedon'thaveprivateuniversitiesinCanadaThey'reallpublic.Alltheuniversitiesareownedbytheernment,sothereistheMinistryofEducationinchargeofcreatingthecurriculumfortheuniversitiesandsothereisnotmuchroomforflexibility.Sinceit'saernment-operatedinstitution,thingsdon'tmoveveryfast.Ifyouwantsomethingtobedone,thentheirstaffdonothavesomuchincentivetohelpyoubecausehe'saworkerfortheernment.SoIdon'tthinkit'sveryefficientHowever,therearecertainadvantagesofpublicuniversities,suchasthefeesbeingfree.Youdon'thavetopayforyoureducation.Butthesystemisn’tefficient,anditdoesnotworkthatwell.W:Yeah,Icanseeyourpoint,butintheUnitedStateswehavemanyprivateuniversities,andIthinktheyarelargebureaucraciesalso.Maybepeopledon'tactthatmuchdifferently,becauseit'sthesamethingworkingforaprivateuniversity.Theygetpaidfortheirjob.Idon'tknowifthey'rethatmuchmoremotivatedtohelppeople.Also,wehaveaproblemintheUnitedStatesthatusuallyonlywealthykidsgotothebestschoolsandifskindofaproblemactuM:Iagreewithyou.Ithinkifsaproblembecauseyou'renotgivingequalaccesstoeducationtoeverybody.It'snoteasy,buthavingonlypublicuniversitiesalsomightnotbethebestsolution.PerhapswecanlearnfromJapanwheretheyhaveasystemofprivateandpublicuniversities.Now,inJapan,publicuniversitiesareconsideredtobethebest.W:Right.It’stheexactoppositeintheUnitedM:So,asyousee，it'sveryhardtosaywhichoneisbetter.W:Right,agoodpoint.WhatdoesthewomanwantFredericktotalkWhatdoesthemansayaboutthecurriculuminCanadianOnwhatpointdothespeakersWhatpointdoesthemanmakeattheendoftheSectionBPassageOneArecentInternationalLaborOrganizationreportsaysthedeteriorationofrealwagesaroundtheworldcallsintoquestionthetrueextentofaneconomicrecovery,especiallyifernmentrescuepackagesarephasedouttoo.Thereportwarnsthepictureonwagesislikelytogetworsethisyeardespiteindicationsofaneconomicrebound.PatrickBelser,aninternationallabororganizationspecialist,saysdecliningwageratesarelinkedtothelevelsofunemployment.Thequitedramaticunemploymentfeatures,whichwenowseeinsomeofthecountries,stronglysuggestthattherewillbeagreatpressureonwagesinthefutureasmorepeoplewillbeunemployed,morepeoplewillbelookingforjobsandthepressureonemployerstoraisewagestoattractworkerswilldecline.Soweexpectthatthesecondpartoftheyearwouldnotbeverygoodintermsofwagegrowth.Thereportfindsmorethanaquarterofthecountriesexperiencedflatorfallingmonthlywagesinrealterms.TheyincludetheUnitedStates,Austria,CostaRica,SouthAfricaandGermany.InternationalLaborOrganizationeconomistssaysomenationshavecomeupwithpoliciestolessentheimpactoflowerwagesduringtheeconomiccrisis.Anexampleoftheseisworksharingwithernmentsubsidies.Underthisscheme,thenumberofindividualworkinghoursisreducedinanefforttoavoidlayoffs.Forthisschemetowork,theernmentmustprovidewagesubsidiestocompensateforlostpayduetotheshorterhours.WhatistheInternationalLaborOrganization'sreportmainlyAccordingtoanInternationalLaborOrganization'sspecialist,howwillemployersfeeliftherearemorepeoplelookingforjobs?WhatdoesthespeakermeanbytheworksharingPassageIstherereallyamagicmemorypilloraherbalrecallremedy?Ihavebeenfrequentlyaskedifthesememorysupplementswork.Youknow,oneofthefirstthingsIliketolpeoplewhentheyaskmeaboutthesupplements,isthatalotofthemarepromotedasacureforyourmemory.Butyourmemorydoesn'tneedacure.Whatyourmemoryneedsisagoodworkout.Soreallythosesupplementsaren'tgoingtogiveyouthatperfectmemoryinthewaythattheypromise.Theotherthingisthatalotofthesesupplementsaren'tnecessarilywhattheyclaimtobe,andyoureallyhavetobewarywhenyoutakeanyofthem.Thescienceisn'ttherebehindmostofthem.They'renotreallywell-regulatedunlesstheyadheretosomeindustrystandard.Youdon'treallyknowthatwhattheysayisinthere,isn'tthere.Whatyoumustunderstandisthatthosesupplements，especiallyinsomeeasterncultures,arepartofamedicalpracticetradition.Peopledon'tjustgoinalocalgrocerystoreandbuythesesupplements.Infact,theyareprescribedandthey'regivenatacertainlevel,adosagethatisunderstoodbyapractitionerwho'sbeentrained.Andthat'snotreallythewaythey'reusedinthiscountry.Theothertilingpeopledoforgetisthatthesearemedicines,sotheydohaveanimpact.Alotoftimespeoplearenotreallyawareoftheimpacttheyhave,orthefactthattakingthemincombinationwithothermedicationsmightputyouatincreasedriskforsomethingthatyouwouldn'totherwisebeingcounteringorbeatriskfor.WhatquestionisfrequentlyputtotheWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostmemoryWhatdowelearnaboutmemorysupplementsineasternWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutmemorysupplementsattheSectionCRecordingOneThenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeseeneverywhere.Injustthepastfewweeks,theworldhaswitnessedthedestructivepowersofearthquakesinIndonesia,typhoonsinthePhilippines,andthedestructiveseawavesthatstruckSamoaandneighboringislands.AstudybytheCenterforResearchontheEpidemiologyofDisastersfindsthat,between1980and2007,nearly8,400naturaldisasterskilledmorethantwomillionpeople.Thesecatastrophiceventscausedmorethan$1.5trillionineconomiclosses.U.N.weatherexpertGeoffreyLovesaysthatisthebad"Overthelast50years,economiclosseshaveincreasedbyafactorof50.Thatsoundsprettyterrible,butthelossoflifehasdecreasedbyafactorof10simplybecausewearegettingbetteratwarningpeople.Wearemakingadifference.Extremeevents,however,willcontinuetooccur.[16]But,themessageisthattheyneednotbedisasters.Love,whoisdirectorofWeatherandDisasterRiskReductionattheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,saysmostofthedeathsandeconomiclosseswerecausedbyweather,climate,orwater-relatedextremes.Theseincludedroughts,floods,windstorms,strongtropicalwindsandwildfires.Hesaysextremeeventswillcontinue.But,hesaysextremeeventsedisastersonlywhenpeoplefailtoprepareforthem."Manyoftheremediesareknown.Fromanning,itisprettysimple.Buildbetters.Don'tbuildwherethehazardswilldestroythem.Fromanearly-warning,makesurethewarningsgorightdowntothecommunitylevel.Buildcommunityactionns."TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationpointstoCubaandBangladeshasexamplesofcountriesthathavesuccessfullyreducedthelossoflifecausedbynaturaldisastersbytakingpreventiveaction.Itsaystropicalstormsformerlyclaimeddozens,ifnothundredsoflives,eachyear,inCuba.But,thedevelopmentofanearly-warningsystemhasreversedthattrend.In2008,Cubawashitbyfivesuccessivehurricanes,butonlysevenpeoplewerekilled.Bangladeshalsohasachievedsubstantialresults.Majorstormsurgesin1970and1991causedthedeathsofabout440,000people.ThroughcarefulprepathedeathtollfromasupertropicalstorminNovember2007waslessthan3,WhatisthetalkmainlyHowcanwestopextremeeventsfromturningintoWhatdoestheexampleofCubaservetoRecordingAsU.S.banksrecoveredwiththehelpoftheAmericanernmentandtheAmericantaxpayer,Obamaheldmeetingswithtopbankexecutives,tellingthemit'stimetoreturnthefavor."ThewayIseeitarebanksnowhavingagreaterobligationtothegoalofawiderrecovery,"hesaid.Butthemaybegivingthefinancialsectortoomuchcredit"Itwasinafall，anditwasaveryscaryperiod."EconomistMartinNeilBailysaid.AfterthefailureofLehmanBrothers,manyoftheworld'slargestbanksfearedtheworstasthecollapseofthehousingbubbleexposedininvestmentsinriskyloans.Althoughhesaystheworstisjustover,Bailysaysthebankingcrisisisnot.Morethan130USbanksfailedin2009.Hepredictshighfailureratesfor,regionalbanksin mercialrealestateloanscome"Sotheremayactuallybeaworseningofcreditavailabilitytosmallandmediumsizedbusinessesinthenextyearorso."ystssaythebiggestproblemishighunemployment,whichweakensdemandandmakesbanksreluctanttolend.ButUSBankcorpchiefRichardDavisseesthesituationdifferently.“We'reprobablymoreoptimisticthantheexpertsmightbe.Withthatinmind,we'reputtingineverythingwecan,lendingisthecoaltoourengine,sowewanttomakemoreloans.WehavetofindawaytoqualifymorepeopleandnotputourselvesatWhilesomeeconomistspredictrecoveryinthefuture,Bailysaystheonlycertaintyisthatbanksareunlikelytomakethesamemistakestwic"Youknow,forecasting's eaveryhazardousbusinesssoIdon'twanttocommitmyselftoomuch.Idon'tthinkweknowexactlywhat'sgoingtohappenbutifscertainlypossiblethatwecouldgetveryslowgrowthoverthenextyearortwo."Iftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain,Bailysaysitwouldmakeastrongcaseforasecondstimulus—somethingtheObamaadministrationhopeswillnotbeWhatdoesObamahopethebankswillWhatisMartinNeilBaily'spredictionaboutthefinancialsituationinthefWhatdoesU.S.BankcorpchiefRichardDavissayaboutitsfutureoperatioWhatdoesMartinNeilBailythinkofasecondstimulustotheRecordingAnewstudyhasfailedtofindanyconclusiveevidencethatlifestylechangescanpreventcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Stilltherearegoodreasonstomakepositivechangesinhowweliveandwhatweeatasweage.Cognitivedeclineisthelossofabilitytolearnnewskills,orrecallwords,names,andfacesthatismostcommonasweage.Toreduceoravoidit,researchershaveexaminedtheeffectofsmoking,diet,brain-challenginggames,exerciseandotherResearchersatDukeUniversityscrutinizedmorethan160publishedstudiesandfoundanabsenceofstrongevidencethatanyoftheseapproachescanmakeabigdifference.Co-authorJamesBurkehelpeddesignthestudy."IntheobservationalstudieswefoundthatsomeoftheBvitaminswerebene"Exercise,diet,cognitivestimulationshowedsomepositiveeffects,althoughtheevidencewasnotsostrongthatwecouldactuallyconsiderthesefirmlyestablished."Somepreviousstudieshavesuggestedthatchallengingyourbrainwithmentallystimulatingactivitiesmighthelp.AndBurkesaysthatactuallydoesseemtohelp,basedonrandomizedstudies—theresearcher'sgoldstandard"Cognitivestimulationisoneoftheareasrewedidfindsomebenefit.Theexacttypeofstimulationthatanindividualusesisnotasimportantasbeinginlectuallyengaged."Theexpertreviewalsofoundinsufficientevidenceto mendanydrugsordietarysupplementsthatcouldpreventorslowcognitivedecline.However,giventhatthereisatleastsomeevidenceforpositiveeffectsfromsomeoftheselifestylechanges,plusotherbenefitsapparentlyunrelatedtocognitivedecline,Burkewaswillingtooffersomemendations."Ithinkthatbyhavingpeopleadoptahealthylifestyle,bothfromamedicalstandpointaswellasnutritionalandcognitivestimulationstandpoint,wecanreducetheincidenceofcognitivedecline,whichwillbeproofthatthesefactorsare,infact,important."JamesBurkeofDukeUniversityisoneoftheauthorsofastudyreviewingpreviousresearchoncognitivedecline.ThepaperispublishedonlinebytheAnnalsofInternalMedicine.Accordingtothespeaker,whatmightbeasymptomofcognitivedeclineinolderadults?AccordingtoJamesBurke,whatdoesseemtohelpreducecognitivedeclWhatdidJamesBurke mendtoreducetheincidenceofcognitiveSectionA;B;01-05-09-12-16-19-23-SectionAConversationOne【解析】D。一开头男士就问做市场顾问有多久了，可见在公司的职位是市场调査顾问。因此D项为答案。【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于职位的内容，预测问题问职业。②A项“项目组织者”、B项“公共关系职员”以及C项“经理”都没有在中提及，只是利用的个别organize,project,relationship作干扰，故均予以排除。【解析】A。中在被男士问到对什么感时，回答说目前专攻量化研究。A项的表述与的意思一致，故为正确答案。“问卷设计”和C项“研究方法论”都不是目前专攻的内容，是回答“和新客户建立良好关系要经历什么过程”这个问题时涉及到的，故排除；D项“面试者培训”只是利用中出现的interviewer一词作干扰，故排除。是个正在进行的项目，研究很长一段时期内的趋势或客户满意度。Dstudy是录音原文中lookat的同义替换，故为正确答案。②A项“它们是对人们消费习惯的集中研究”、B项“它们生产者和顾客之间的关系”以及C项“它们寻找促销产品的有效的新方法”都不属于追踪系统的内容，故均予以排除。B项的表述与的意思一致，故为正确答案。测题目可能与工作相关。②C项“设计问卷”是和新客户建立良好关系需要做的，并没有提到是不喜欢的工作内容，故排除；A项“缺乏晋升机会”和D项“持续的紧张”都Conversation【解析】A。一开头就请Frederick解释对于的大学的看法，由此可知，是想让Frederick讨论他对的大学的看法。A项的表述与的意思一【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于his的内容，听时要留意男士的相关信息。②只B项错误；C项“他对于高等教育改进的建议”未在中提及，故排除；D项“他对于美通的空间，也就是说的大学课程是相当不灵活的。B项中的ratherinflexible是原文中notmuchroomforflexibility的同义替换，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于It的描述，听时要注意It指代什么及其相关信A项“它设计得很好”、C项“它在不同的大学不一样”和D项“它经历了巨大的变化”均予以排除。由此看来，他们都认为每个人都应该被给予的机会去接受高等教育，故选C项。【干扰项排除】①选项中出现universities、education、institutions等，测问题可能与大学教育相关。②A项“和可以互相学习”，关于借鉴和学习，男士也表示认同，所以B项“公立大学比私立大学更优越”错误。中男士谈及公断哪种大学更有效率，故排除D项“私立学校比公立机构更有效率”。的不同而不同”，故排除A项。B项“效率对于大学管理来说至关重要”，男子虽然谈及公立大学的管理效率问题，但他没有说效率是至关重要的，故排除B项。D项“的很多SectionPassage的情况让疑经济复苏的真实程度，B项的worseningrealwage是中的deteriorationofrealwages的同义替换，因此本题选B项。A项“在解决经济过程中所起的作用”是利用中个别词编造的干扰项，并非该报告的主要内容；C项的indications和economicrecovery虽在中有出现过，但经济复苏的征兆并非且并没有单指经济复苏的情况故C项不选；D项“当前的经济对人们生活的影响”，当下应该是经济后的恢复时期，而非currenteconomiccrisis，由此可排除。工资吸引员工方面的压力便随之下降，A项的lesspressure是中pressure...willdecline的同义表达，故选A项。【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是They,根据raiseemployees'wages,choose...employees,expand...businessoperations等，推测They应该指雇主，听音时留意关于雇主的信息。②B项“他们可以随意选择最合适的员工”、C项“他们想扩展其经营范围”和D项“他们在跟对手竞争时会更有信心”均未在中提及。【解析】C。末尾提到worksharingscheme。该计划是想通过减少个人工时来避免裁员，然后由来补贴员工因减少工时而带来的损失，C项是该处内容的同义【干扰项排除】①根据选项出现的employees,unemployed,layoffs等，推测问题可能与雇员失业或有关，听音时留意相关信息。②A项“员工和公司携手共度经济难关”、B项“和企业联手为失业人员创造工作岗位”和D项“在企业内部鼓励团队PassageA项是该处原句的概述，因此本题选A项相关信息。②B项“草药是否有”，中虽提到herbal，但说话人被问的是是否真的有挽救力的草本药物，B项没有提到力，故不选；C项“锻炼是否有助于提高力”是利用中提到的workout“锻炼，练习”来设置干扰；D项“拥有神奇的力能否据，D项“他们并非以真正的科学为基础”是该句的同义表达。们都是有益的”和C项“它们一般没什么副作用”与意思相反，均排除。所定，D项为该处的概括，故为正确答案。They，听音时留意其指代什么事物。②A项“它们在多数乡村集市上有售”和C项“它们是由农民和种植的”均未在中提及。B项“它。【解析】B结尾，说话人提醒：很多时候人们没有真正服用这类补药带来的影响，也不知道与其他药物同服可能会增加出现某些不良情况的风险，B