2023年高考英语语法易错点归纳及完形填空里的419个高频难词

2023年高考英语语法易错点归纳及完形填空里的419

个高频难词一、定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,whichfwho（宾格whom）,所有格whose）和关系副词wherewhenwhy等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。如：Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichweworkedtogether.析：在句①中，表示时间的名词thedays在从句中充当的析：是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词thedays;ourdecision_wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。A:stop;wasB:shouldstop;beC:stopped;wasD:stopped;shouldbe在这个句子中，前一个suggest当〃建议〃〃提出〃讲，而后一个作"表明〃讲，所以答案为"A〃2)①insist作"坚决要求…该…；坚持认为…定要…'’讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用〃(should)+动词原形〃例如:Iinsistedthatyou(should)bethereontime.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去②insist作"坚持(意见，看法)；坚持说，确信〃讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。如:Hesuggested(that)heheardsomeoneinthenextroom.他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。五.反意疑问句中的易错点L在一般疑问句中，无论肯定的问或是否定的问，如果回答为肯定则用yes，反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。①一Areyouanewcomer?—YesfIcamehereonlyyesterday.②一IsnrtTomagoodstudent?—Yesfheisexcellent.③一Don'tyouthinkthecompositiongood?—NofItcan7tbeanyworse.注意：在②③句中，当回答的意思与问句相一致时，则用No,译为"是的〃，当回答的意思与问句相反时，则用Yes,译为//-7-//不2.情态动词mustImustleavenowfmustnrtI?Hemustbeintheclassroom,isn7t?（表推测）@Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworkfhasn'the?（表现在的结果）Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworkyesterdayafternoon,didn,the?（表过去）当句子中有表示猜测的情态动词时,其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。六、非谓语动词中的易错点非谓语与其逻辑主语（即动作的执行者或承受者）之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动（强调动作正在进行）或不定式的被动式（动作将进行）；如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构（即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语）Judging/considering/genrallyspeaking/supposing指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如：Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.解析:国融从这个句子可以看出,句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。解析:InordertoimproveEnglish,.Jenny7sfatherboughtheralotoftapes.Jenny7sfatherboughtalotoftapesforherself.AlotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.AlotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyfather.解析：根据不定式短语我们可以推知，句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物，所以，应该排除CD,再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.解析：,wedecidedtogooutforawalk.A.ItisfineB.ItfineC.BeingfineD.Itbeingfine解析:主句主语we与动词短语befine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系,所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It,由于不存在主、解析:被动关系，故不能选C项，而应该选D项。moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiving解析:解析:解析:give与主句的主语之间是被动关系，故选A.如为主动关系则选C.解析:高考完形填空419个高频词occasion[a'keison]场合nsituation[isitju'eijbn]情况,处境n.takeover接管exchange[iks'tjeinds]交换mand[ko'ma:nd]命令v/n.confirm[kan'farm]证实v.cultivate'kAltiveit]培养sperously「prosparasli]繁荣的adj.suspect[sss'pekt]怀疑v.relatively['relstivli]相对地，比较地adv.acknowledge[sk'nolids]承认，鸣谢v.ambition[aem'bi/sn]抱负，野心n.quality['kwoliti]质量，品质tection[prs'tekjbn]保护n.equally[ikwali]平等地mise['promis]承诺v.clearlyJkliali]清楚地adv.grateful['greitful]感激的adj.remove[ri'mu^]移开v.force[fois]强迫v./n.apologize[8'polsdsaiz]道歉v.terrible['tersbl]可怕的，糟糕的adj.stubborn['stAban]固执的adj.actively['aektivli]积极地，主动地adv.spiritual['spiritjusI]精神的，心灵的adj.magical['maedsiksl]魔力的adj.willingly['wilirjli]愿意地adv.strengthen['strerj09n]力口强v.image['imids]形象plexity[kom'pleksiti]复杂n.cautious3ko：Jbs]小心的adj.manage['maenidslr管理，成功做成v.prejudice['predsudis]偏见n.economic!|i:k8'nomik]经济/合算的adj.academic[iaek9'demik]学术的adj.control[ksn'trsul]控制v./n.adopt[8,dopt]收养，采取v.consume[kan'sju^]消费，消耗v.unique[ju'ni:k]独一无二的adj.beneficial[ibeni'fijbI]有益的adj.varied['vesrid]种各样的adj.demanding[di'mamdirj]要求高的adj.appropriate[s'prsupriit]合理的adj.entertainment[lents'teinmsnt]娱乐n.deliberately[diHibarotli]故意地adv.purchase「pa：tjbs]购买v.tough[tAf]艰难的adj.bright[brait]明亮的adj.remain[ri'mein]留下,保持v.terrify['terifai]使害怕v.disappointing]idisaipointirj]令人失望的adj.formal['foI]正式的adj.desire[di'zais]愿望v./n.share[Jes]分享，共有v.fulfill[ful'fil]履行（诺言），执行（命令）v.admit[ad'mit]承认v.evident['evidsnt]明显的adj.consequently['konsikwsntli]因止匕,所以adv.accustomed[81kAstsmd]习惯的adj.accumulate[a"juimjuleit]积累v.participate[pa:'tisipeit]参力口v.absence['aebsons]缺席n.presence['prezns]出席v.bravery['breivari]勇敢n.horror['hora]恐惧n.spotless['spotlis]无暇的adj.fundamental[ifAnda'mentl]基础的adj.employment[im'ploimont]就业,雇用n.involve[in'volv]包含，使参与v.actually['aektjusli]事实上adv.harmony「hormani]和谐n.basically['beisiksli]基本地adv.inspire[in'spaio]激发，鼓舞v.imitate[Hmiteit]模仿v.awful['oiful]糟糕的adj.generous['dsensrss]慷慨的，大方的adj.wealthy['wel0i]富有的adj.function['fArjkJbn]功能n.stressful['stresful]有压力的adj.persistent[ps'sistant]坚持不懈的adj.reluctant[ri'lAktsnt]勉强的,不愿意的adj.diligent['dilidssnt]勤奋的adj.attentive[a'tentiv]注意的,周到的adj.unbearable['afi'be8rsbl]不能忍受的adj.accommodation[o|koma'deijn]n.住所attractive[9'traektiv]adj.有吸引力的constant['konstsnt]adj.连续的brilliant['briliant]adj.杰出的,才华横溢的clumsy['kUmzi]adj.笨拙的declare[di'klea(r)]v.宣布,声明obtain[sb'tein]v.获得92.interactive[।intor'aektiv]adj.相互的,互动的93.incident['insidsnt]n.事彳牛94.adventure[sdlventjs(r)]n.冒险.inparticular[inpaltikj8lo(r)]尤其inreality[inri'aelati]事实上emphasize['emfssaiz]v.弓虽调overlook[isovsHok]v.忽视deny[di*nai]v.否认ensure[in'Jbo(r)]v.确保financial[fai'naenjl]adj.金融budget['bAdsit]n.预算onthewhole[dndshaul]整体上潜在的潜在的，潜能潜在的，潜在的，潜能onthecontrary[dnda'kontrari]相反loyalty[HoioIti]n.忠实assume[9'sju:m]v.假设establish[I'staebliJ]v.建立flexible['fleksabl]adj.灵活的sensitive['sensstiv]adj.敏感的.essential[1'senjl]adj.必不可少的.unfair[|An'feo(r)]adj.不公平的.expectation[iekspek'teijn]n.期待.impression[im'prejn]n.印象.examination[igizaemi'neijn]n.考试,检查.contribution[|kontri'bjujn]n.贡献.certainty['saitnti]n.肯定.confuse[kanifju:z]v.使迷惑，使混淆.trap[traep]n.陷阱,困住.secondary['seksndri]adj.次要的turnup['tainAp]出现showoff炫耀breakin闯进settledown['setldaon]定居,安定下来relief[ri!|i:f]n.安慰，减轻justice['djAStis]n.公正previous['pri:vias]adj.先前的，早先的而在句②中，表示时间的名词thedays在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来代指。同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。如：①Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichIworked.(作状语)②Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedyearsago.(作宾语)注：当先行词为time,reason,place时，引导词可以省略。如：Thiswasthefirst(when/what)Ihadserioustroublewithmyboss.Thatisthereason(why)Ididit.Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如：①Mr.Jacksonistheonlyforeignerthatispresentattheparty.instantly!1instsntli]adv.立即地regularly['regjaIsli]adv.规则地,规律地occasionally[s'keisnsli]adv.偶尔地independence[।indi'pendsns]n.独立keepupwith是艮上catchupwith追赶上comeupwith想出putupwith忍受guarantee[igaeran!ti:]n.保证convince[kon'vms]v.使确信,说服atmosphere['aetmssfis(r)]n.气氛sympathy!'simpoOi]n.同情punish['pAnij]v.惩罚puzzled['pAzId]adj.感到迷惑的scared[skesd]adj.害怕的embarrassed[im'baersst]adj.尴尬的reaction[ri'aekjn]n.反应forgiveness[fo'givnos]n.原谅imaginary[I'maedsmsri]adj.想象力丰富的befilledwith[bifildwiS]充满bepleasedwith[bipli:zdwid]对感至U；防意becrowdedwith[bi'kraodidwid]挤满beequippedwith[bii'kwiptwid]酉己备有possession[pa'zejn]n.贝才产precious['prejbs]adj.珍贵的appreciate[a'prijieit]v.欣赏,感激admire[sd'mais(r)]v.钦佩wander['wdnd9(r)]v.闲逛getridof消除，摆脱particularly[p9'tikjslali]adv.尤其，特别purpose['p3：pas]n.目的，意图courage['kArids]n.勇气determination[diitaimi'neijn]n.决心roll[raoI]v.滚动drop[drop]v,掉下undoubtedly[api'daotidli]adv.毫无疑问地temporarily[temprsrs11]adv.暂时地thankfully['Oaerjkfali]adv.幸运地leanagainst[li:n91genst]靠着challenge['tjaelinds]v.挑战fierce[fiss]adj.激烈的practical['praektikl]adj.实际的,实用的straight[streit]adv.直接地delighted[diHaitid]adj.高兴的congratulate[kan'graetjuleit]v.祝贺faint[feint]adj.头晕的consult[k9n'sAlt]v.咨询messy['mesi]adj.舌。的review[ri'vju:]v.复习，评论curious['kjoarias]adj.好奇的graduation]igraed3UMijn]n.毕业honor[,dns]n.荣耀comfortableJkAm代obi]adj.舒服的，舒适的tiresome['taiasom]adj.令人生厌的,无聊的setup建立holdup举起，支撑pickup拾起，学会，接possess[ps'zes]v.拥有crowded['kraudid]adj.拥挤的march[ma:tj]n.行军，前进apartmentbportmant]n.公寓frightened!'fraitnd]adj.害怕的turnout结果是,证明是figureoutJfiga(r)aot]算出，想出anxious['aegkjbs]adj.焦虑的hunt[hAnt]n./v.寻找,打猎amused[s'mju:zd]adj.愉快的,顽皮的optimistic[iDptl'mistik]adj.乐观的demonstrate['demsnstreit]v.证明,演示,显示realize['ri:elaiz]v.意识到meaningful['mimirjfl]adj.有意义的faithful['feiOfl]adj.忠实的，忠诚的grasp[gra:sp]v.抓住，理解decorate['deksreit]v.装饰pressure['prejb(r)]n.压力obvious['dbvios]adj.明显的predict[pri'dikt]v.预测audience[：dians]n.观众contain[kan'tein]v.包含gesture['dsestjb(r)]n.姿势pioneer[paio5io(r)]n.先锋afford[s'fold]v.支付得起affair[91fe9(r)]n.事情dependent[di'pendant]adj.依赖的properly['propali]adv.合理地213.213.213.sincerely[sin'sisli]adv.真诚地severely[sivis(r)li]adv.严厉地213.guidance[!gaidns]n.才旨导appearance[a'piorons]n.出现,外貌astonishment[9'stonijmont]n.惊讶sharpenJjorpan]v.使锋利comment['komerit]n.评论privately['praivstli]adv.私人地frequently['fri:kwsntli]adv.频繁地physical['fizikl]adj.身体的,物理的donate[dso'neit]v.捐赠manufacture[imaenju'faektj9（r）]v.制造,制造业original[a'ridsonl]adj.原始的,起初的effective[I'fektiv]adj.有效的object['dbdsikt,ab'dsekt]v.反对typical['tipikl]adj.典型的possibility[iposs'bilsti]n.可能性accidentally[iaeks11dsntsli]adv.意外地，偶然地immediately[1'mi^iatli]adv.立亥Uconcern[k9n'sain]n.关心,担心concentrate['konsntreit]v.集中tragedyJtraed3adi]n.悲居Uneglect[n11glekt]n.忽视approach[s'prsotj]n.接近，途径，方法disturbance[d1'st3ibans]n.打扰arrest[s'rest]v./n.逮捕restore[ri'stoi(r)]v.恢复available[s'veilsbl]adj.可得到的，可利用的accompany[a'kAmpsni]v.陪伴characteristic[ikaerskts'ristik]n.特征,特性automatic[|O：ts'maetik]adj.自动的approve[a!pru:v]v.批准，同意roughly['rAfli]adv.粗略地indicate[1indikeit]v.暗示hesitation[ihezi'teijn]n.犹豫attach[s'taetj]v.系着,附着plain[plein]a可.平的,朴素的，简单的mercy['maisi]n.怜悯sample['sa:mpl]n.样本considerable[kan'sidarabl]adj.相当大的，值得考虑的enthusiasm[in10ju:ziaez9m]n.热情confirm[kanIf3im]v.证实phenomenon[fa'nomman]n.现象modify['modifai]v.修改annual['aenjusl]adj.每年的isolation[(aissHeijn]n.隔离,孤立ceremony['seromani]n.典礼,仪式acceptable[9k'septsbl]adj.可接受的eventually[I'ventjusli]adv.最后target['ta:git]n.目标expose[ik'spsoz]v.暴露absolutely['aebsolu:tli]adv.绝对地negative['negotiv]adj.消极的,否定的steady['stedi]adj.稳定的consistently[ksn'sistantli]adv.一贯地,一致地permanent['paimansnt]adj.永久的professional[prs'fejbnl]adj.职业的,专业的dismiss[dis'mis]v.解雇countless['kaontlos]a可.数不尽的thoroughly['OArsli]adv.彻底地standard['staendsd]n.标准tolerate['tolsreit]v.忍受memorable['memsrsbl]adj.值得纪念的leavefor[li:vfoi(r)]离开去到adapt[9'daept]v.适应，改编somehow['sAmhao]adv.不知怎么地somewhat['sAmwot]adv.稍微,有点acquire[9,kwa(r)]v.获得occupy['dkjupai]v.占据accompany[91kAmponi]v.陪伴urgent['aidssnt]adj紧急的technology[tek'noladsi]n.技术giant['dsaisnt]adj.巨大的invisible[in'vizobl]adj.看不见的evaluation[hvaelju'eijn]n.评估magnificent[maeg'nifisnt]adj.壮丽的inefficient[।in1'fijnt]adj.效率低的nonsense['nonsns]n.废话,荒谬的preserve[pri'zaiv]v.保护,保存career[ks'ria(r)]n.事业profession[prs'fejn]n.职业，专业exhausted[ig'zoistid]adj.筋疲力尽的crash[kraej]n./v.撞碎，坠毁suspicious[sa'spijbs]adj.怀疑的requirement[ri*kwa19msnt]n.要求athletic[ae0'letik]adj.运动的，运动员的prohibit[pra'hibit]v.禁止,阻止depressed[d1'prest]adj.沮丧的,萧条的instruction[in'strAkJn]n.教导，说明slightly['slaitli]adv.轻微地meaningful['mimirjfl]adj.有意义的principle['prmsspl]n.原贝(]undeserved[|Andi'zaivd]a可.不应得的betray[bi'trei]v.背叛moderate['modsrst,'modsreit]adj.中等的，适度的evaluate[I'vaeljueit]v.评价，估价honorable['dnsrsbl]aartificial[)a:ti'fijl]adj.人造的concept['konsept]n.概念symbolize['simbslaiz]v.象征promising['promisirj]adj.有前途的conflict['konflikt,kan'flikt]n.冲突display[di'splei]v./n.显示,陈歹I」definitely['defmstli]adv.明确地，肯定地interrupt[iinta'rApt]v.打断recall[ri'koil]v.回想起recite[ri*sait]v.背诵resist[ri'zist]v.抵制desperate['despsrst]adj.绝望的elegant['eligsnt]adj.优雅的attempt[a'tempt]n.试图random['raendam]adj.随机的profitable['profitsbl]adj.有利可图的treasureJtre3a(r)]n.珍惜,宝藏poisonous[*poizanss]adj.有毒的dilemma[diHems]n.窘境correctly[korektli]adv.正确地system[!sistom]n,系统complicated['komplikeitid]adj.复杂的application[iaepli'keijn]n.申请，应用程序simple3slmpl]adj.简单的recognize['reksgnaiz]v.认出,认可cruel['kru：9l]adj.残忍的comfortableJkAm代abl]adj.舒服的，舒适的feared[fisd]v.害怕replace[ri'pleis]v.代替method['meOsd]n.方法seize[si:z]v.抓住misunderstand[(miSAnda'staend]v.误解mistake[mi'steik]n,错误,弄错imply[im*plai]v.暗示disease[di'zi:z]n.疾病repay[ri'pei]v.偿还,报答@Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacher.解析:在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thestudents,为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。解析:二名词性从句中的易错点（一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，"……的名词〃，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如：fact,newsfbelief,truthfreply等。describe[di'skraib]v.描述contract['kontraekt,ksn'traekt]n.合同promote[prs'msot]v.促进，提升sacrifice['saekrifais]n.牺牲generally['dsenrali]adv.一般来说trouble['trAbl]n.麻烦pleased[pli:zd]adj.满意的certainly['saitnli]adv.肯定地,当然national['naejnsI]adj.国家的，民族的cultural['kAltJbraI]adj.文化的entrance['entrsns,inhorns]n.入口annoying[a'noiiq]adj.令人T齿怒的polite[paHait]adj.有礼貌的unconscious[api'konjbs]adj.无意识的patient['peijnt]adj.有耐心的theory['0isri]n.理论classification[iklaesifi'keijn]n.分类smart[sma:t]adj.聪明的mature[ms'tjb8(r)]adj.成熟的average['aevsrids]n./v.平均creative[kri'eitiv]adj.有创造力的graduate['graedsueit]n.毕业,毕业生program['proograem]n.节目intelligent[in'telidsant]adj.智能的，聪明的competent['kompitsnt]adj.有能力的independent[।indi'pendsnt]adj.独立的separate['sepsreit]adj.单独的,分开的voluntarily['vdIontrali]adv.自愿地doubt[daot]v.怀疑reflection[ri'flekjn]n.反射，沉思，映象conclusion[ksn'klu^n]n.结论adult['aedAlt]n.成年人talented['taelsntid]adj.有天赋的outstanding[aot'staendiq]adj.出色的expression[ik'sprejn]n.表达,表情check[tjek]v.检查attend[9'tend]v.参加，照料beawareof[bis'wes(r)dv]意识到befondof喜欢beworthyof值得expect[ik'spekt]v.期待，预计decision[d1'sisn]n.决定style[stail]n.风格pretend[pr1'tend]v.假装explain[ik'splein]v.解释cause[koiz]n.原因,事业perform[p9'foim]v.表演，执行probably['probabli]adv.可能地struggle['strAgl]v.挣扎,奋斗completely[kam'pli:tli]adv.完全地wonder['wAndo(r)]v.想知道experience[ik'spisrisns]n,经验,经历fail[fed]v.失败develop[di'velop]v.发展responsible[ris'ponssbl]adj.有责任的valuable['vaeljuabl]adj.有价值的，贵重的ability[s'biliti]n.能力affect[a'fekt]vt.影响destroy[dis!troi]v.毁坏confident['konfidsnt]adj.自信的request[ri'kwest]v.要求traditional[trs'dijbnl]adj.传统的modern['modan]adj.现代的relationship[riHeijbnjip]n.关系cooperation[ksuiops'reijbn]n.合作distinguish[dis'tirjgwiJ]v.区分identify[ai'dentifai]v.鉴定,识另[Jthought[0oit]n.想法，思想discourage[dis'kArids]v.使气馁,使沮丧prepare[pri'pea]v.准备observe[ab'z9iv]v.观察,遵守energy['ensdsi]n.精力nervous['naivas]adj.紧张的proud[praud]adj.自豪的That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如：AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago.解析:在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词thechickenfarm起修饰作用。解析:（二）名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点1）名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：It'sapitythathedonztcometogiveaspeech.（形式主语）Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.（形式宾语）2）I胃语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make等接由if或when引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.例如：wouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty.）动词hare,take,hide,punish,put等后接由that引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式宾语it.例如：①ItakeitthatyouwillbeleavingShanghaisoon.@wepunisheditthatwehadfinishedtheprojectaheadoftime.4）短语动词answerfor,countondependon,insiston,seeto等后接有that引导的宾语从句时，必须冠以形式宾语it.例如：①I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.②SherIIseetoitthathegoesahead.注：作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.三、代词it、one>that的用法与区别One泛指，指代前面提到的那类人或物，用于指代可数名词，相当于a+名词单数，其复数形式ones前一般要有定语，否则就要用some.That（those复数）即可指代不可数名词，表特指，相当于the+名词，后面经常与介词修饰语连用。It指代上