2023英语全国卷一-英语答案-详解-方法指导

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.解析：本篇文章讲的是华盛顿举办的几个自行车骑行活动，内容较简单。21.A.细节理解题。原文中Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability对应题目中的bookinadvance。出题人喜欢将原文中的内容进行同义词或者同义句的替换，这一点考生要多加注意。22.D.细节理解题。根据设问快速定位其在原文中的位置，进行简单排除即可得出答案。KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents…23.D.细节理解题。由设问中的atnight定位到WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour，然后由Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights得出答案。BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests. B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher. B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters. D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess解析：本文是关于SusannaReid所创办的一个新的节目SaveMoney:GoodFood的介绍，教人们在日常生活中怎样用最少的钱做出美味的食物，CookingWellforLess，文章难度不大。B.推理判断题。文章中sheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.还有后文中的Theeight-partseries都可以推出SusannaReid开办了一个新的电视节目。C.细节理解题。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste…可知MattTebbutt的作用是给SusannaReid提供建议。C.推理判断题。定位到第四段…followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth可知，这一段主要讲的是这档节目的灵感来源，所以答案选C.D.主旨大意题。本文主要是对SaveMoney:GoodFood这档节目的介绍，文章第一段showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget说明了这档节目的目的，所以D选项正是对这句话的最好诠释。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400. C.About2,400. D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.解析：本文主要讲的是随着人类的发展，语言的种类却越来越少，很多语言已经灭绝或者濒临灭绝，这是全球化和工业化带来的副作用需要引起我们的重视。B.推理判断题。本题的答案主要出自第一段，只要认真研读，进行简单的排除，答案不难选出。Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.这句话是答案的出处。C.词义猜测题。词语出自第二段。Dominant这个词应该是比较常见的，只要考生平时注意词汇积累这个词应该能认识，所以我们在平时的英语学习中一定要注意词汇的积累。假如不认识的话，后边的例子中例举了English,SpanishandChinese还有词组takeover这些线索都可以帮助我们来猜测词义。B推理判断题。答案出自第三段Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.结合前面的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.这两句话就可以把答案推出来，6800和half是关键词。C.主旨大意题。本篇文章结构清晰，第一段是总领全文，提出观点inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing。第二段是解释原因，第三段是对现状的介绍，第四段是举例子。所以答案很容易选出。本篇文章考生可以注意出题人的出题范围，前三题分别出自前三段，第四题是对全文的考查，这也是出题人出题的一个暗含的线索，考生应该多加关注。DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachThismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet. C.TheLCDTV. D.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.解析：本文主要讲的是一些电子设备并没有因为过时而寿终正寝，相反很多设备还正在被使用，这不仅会消耗更多的能源还会污染环境。A.推理判断题。考查第一段。找准题目关键词newdevices，文章中原句trackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachTheyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.这句话可以帮助得出答案是tablets。buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction我们可以得出答案是stopusing.C选型是容易误选选项，upgrade这个词的意思要把握准，upgrade可能是在原有设备基础之上进行升级，这是文章中没有提及的所以不能选。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign–somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou’relookingforC.Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithE.It’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways解析：本篇文章主要讲的是在家装设计方面颜色的作用，并从大、中和小三个层面介绍了每种类型的定义和如何选择。B.段中句。从形式上看设空处后是逗号；从内容上看考查的主要是段中句的承上启下。空前给了很多种家装风格的选择，空后coloristhekeytomaking…，这中间缺少一个过渡，根据意思答案比较容易得出Whateveryou’relookingfor，通过让步来强调后半句内容。A.段中句。本处后面也是逗号和上一题有共同之处。前面的话therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquesto…和后面的theycangetalittlecomplex，中间很明显缺少一个转折，所以答案得出A。36和37题考察的都不是一个完整的句子，此类题目会有更强的关联性和逻辑性，所以考生遇到此种类型的题要特别关注关键信息，理清其中的逻辑关系。D.段首句。本处承接上一段的内容there’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome：thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones后面的两段讲的是themediumones,andthelargeones，所以此处应是thesmallones.G.段中句。本处的前面一句话是mediumones的定义，后面的话是medium和small的比较。通过比较选项，发现只有选择G项才可以帮助过渡。段尾句。本段的中心是thelargeones，前面的Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant这句话强调的是后半句的time，effort和expense，这和F选项的itpaystobesure有很强的因果关系，所以选出答案。第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s46.Icouldhardlywaitto 47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis 48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe55me:“Theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforward B.jumpedat C.triedout D.turneddown42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest47.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat48.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job49.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible50.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe51.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally53.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment54.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation55.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised56.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill57.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments58.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control59.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate60.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior试题解读：今年的阅读延续了去年的思路，属于夹叙夹议型，文章的难度不大，考察的内容涉及单词辨析，词组筛选和上下文衔接，侧重点是对文章内容的把握。所以提示考生在平时一方面要夯实单词和词组的基础；另一方面更重要的是要侧重于在对文章的理解上下功夫，关注文章的结构和内容才是正道。考点扫描：完形填空设题有三个层面：1.句子层面，即答题时只需考虑设空所在的句意便可以得出答案；2.句组层面，即答题时需要弄清前后几个句子甚至上下一两段的一次才能得出答案；3，语篇层面，即答题时必须通关全文，从整体角度考虑才能判断出最佳答案。B.句组层面。从下文中可知作者是非常喜欢象棋的，所以选择jumpat，表示一听到某件事就跳了起来，符合作者的心情。C.句组层面。上句中提到过free，正好可以对应save.A.句子层面。本句中的evenif引导让步状语从句，结合前面作者的铺垫，可以得出答案。即使我对免费学分不感兴趣，但教授这个课程的老师让我心驰神往。D.句组层面。本空后面接着出现了He和下一段首句MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach，可以断定这句话说的是老师，最相近的就是instructor.45.D.句子层面。考查定语从句，前半句介绍老师是一位大师，后文是进一步解释，所以选择meant.46.C.句子层面。和前文grandmaster意思最近的是best。47.B.句组层面。老师是一位大师，所以作为学生我迫不及待地想见到他。48.D.句子层面。MauriceAshley回校任教这是一份职业，后文中的notagame也可以照应job。其余的几个选项没有足够的信息来推断，只能得出最直观的job。49.C.句组层面。前文中的hemeantbusiness，这个老师是认真严肃的，结合下文的hard-earned.，可以得出老师在上课之初就给我们就把丑话说在了前面。50.B.完成这个课程需要有很多标准，标准之一就是需要写一篇文章来说明自己打算怎样学以致用。51.C.句组层面。下文中的I’mstillputtingtouse…apply和use相近。52.A.句子层面。本句中的professions和lives是两个不同的层面，可以得出答案eventually。53.C.句组层面。文章第一段就说了这个课是freecourse，所以这个选项可以照应前文。54.B.句组层面。前面的course肯定在教室进行，结合beyond，可以得出答案。作者从这个课程中学到了很多，不仅仅局限在课程。55.A.句子层面。十年以后，我仍然从这位老师的所教之中获益匪浅。56.D.句子层面。后面的learn，结合上文可以得出答案。57.B.句组层面。结合下文可以得出答案为decision。作者从下棋中所学最重要的就是如何做正确的决定。58.A.59.D.句子层面。下棋时你的每一步都需要深思熟虑，认真分析形势，知己知彼，然后从所有选项中做出最佳的选择。60.A.句子层面。作者现在是一名记者，从下棋中作者的所学仍然让他在现在的职业中受益匪浅。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin202366showedamerefiveto10Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.高考解读：本篇文章和2023年高考题选材相近，2023年的是饮食和健康，今年是运动与健康，体现出命题人关注当下热点，贴近生活的意图。在近几年的高考中语法填空所涉及的考点都是最基本的词汇和语法知识。主要考查词类转换、谓语动词、非谓语动词，这几类题的占比在一半以上，同时兼顾对名词、冠词、形容词、连词和介词的考查。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种，有提示词的数量在7个左右，以考查实词为主；无提示词的试题数量在3个左右，考查虚词。longer.考查比较级。由than可以得出答案。tosee.非谓语动词。你不一定要跑得很快或者跑得很久才能见效。tosee是目的状语。reducing.非谓语动词。of是介词，介词后边用动词-ing形式。is.谓语动词。宾语从句时态为一般现在时，主语是it，得出答案。than.介词。由前文中的more可以得出这句话是比较级，缺少一个标志词than。that/which.连词。首先判断出这是定语从句，先行词是study，定语从句中作主语，所以用that或者which皆可。causes.考查名词的单复数。由修饰词all可以得出用复数。strengthen.考查词类转换。strength的动词形式是strengthen.energetic.考查词类转换。energy的形容词形式。